Pseudo two-dimensional shape normalization methods for handwritten Chinese character recognition

Pattern Recognition

Volumn 38, Issue 12, 2005, Pages 2242-2255

  Liu, Cheng Lin ^a,b   Marukawa, Katsumi ^a  

^a HITACHI LTD   (Japan)

^b INSTITUTE OF AUTOMATION   (China)

Author keywords

Handwritten Chinese character recognition; Line density projection interpolation; Pseudo 2D bi moment normalization; Pseudo 2D centroid boundary alignment; Pseudo 2D moment normalization; Pseudo 2D nonlinear normalization

Indexed keywords

COMPUTATIONAL METHODS; FUNCTIONS; IMAGE ANALYSIS; INTERPOLATION; NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING SYSTEMS; ONLINE SYSTEMS; REAL TIME SYSTEMS;

HANDWRITTEN CHINESE CHARACTER RECOGNITION; LINE DENSITY PROJECTION INTERPOLATION (LDPI); NONLINEAR NORMALIZATION (NLN) METHOD; PSEUDO 2D BI-MOMENT NORMALIZATION; PSEUDO 2D CENTROID-BOUNDARY ALIGNMENT; PSEUDO 2D MOMENT NORMALIZATION; PSEUDO 2D NONLINEAR NORMALIZATION;

CHARACTER RECOGNITION;

EID: 25144509599     PISSN: 00313203     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.patcog.2005.04.019     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. R.G. Casey Moment normalization of handprinted character IBM J. Res. Dev. 14 1970 548 557
2. G. Nagy, and N. Tuong Normalization techniques for handprinted numerals Commun. ACM 13 8 1970 475 481
3. S.-W. Lee, and J.-S. Park Nonlinear shape normalization methods for the recognition of large-set handwritten characters Pattern Recognition 27 7 1994 895 902
4. J. Tsukumo, H. Tanaka, Classification of handprinted Chinese characters using non-linear normalization and correlation methods, Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Roma, Italy, 1988, pp. 168-171.
5. H. Yamada, K. Yamamoto, and T. Saito A nonlinear normalization method for handprinted Kanji character recognition - line density equalization Pattern Recognition 23 9 1990 1023 1029
6. M. Umeda Advances in recognition methods for handwritten Kanji characters IEICE Trans. Information Systems E79-D 5 1996 401 410
7. C.-L. Liu, H. Sako, H. Fujisawa, Handwritten Chinese character recognition: alternatives to nonlinear normalization, Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2003, pp. 524-528.
8. C.-L. Liu, K. Marukawa, Global shape normalization for handwritten Chinese character recognition: a new method, Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers of Handwriting Recognition, Tokyo, Japan, 2004, pp. 300-305.
9. M. Suzuki, N. Kato, H. Aso, and Y. Nemoto A handprinted character recognition system using image transformation based on partial inclination detection IEICE Trans. Information Systems E79-D 5 1996 504 509
10. T. Horiuchi, R. Haruki, H. Yamada, K. Yamamoto, Two-dimensional extension of nonlinear normalization method using line density for character recognition, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Ulm, Germany, 1997, pp. 511-514.
11. D.-S. Lin, and J.-J. Leou A genetic algorithm approach to Chinese handwriting normalization IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B 27 6 1997 999 1007
12. J. Guo, N. Sun, Y. Nemoto, M. Kimura, H. Echigo, and R. Sato Recognition of handwritten characters using pattern transformation method with cosine function Trans. IEICE Japan J76-D-II 4 1993 835 842 (in Japanese)
13. T. Wakahara, and K. Odaka Adaptive normalization of handwritten characters using global/local affine transformation IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 20 12 1998 1332 1441
14. T. Wakahara, Y. Kimura, M. Sano, Handwritten Japanese character recognition using adaptive normalization by global affine transformation, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Seattle, WA, 2001, pp. 424-428.
15. M. Nakagawa, T. Yanagida, T. Nagasaki, An off-line character recognition method employing model-dependent pattern normalization by an elastic membrane model, Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Bangalore, India, 1999, pp. 495-498.
16. C.-L. Liu, K. Nakashima, H. Sako, and H. Fujisawa Handwritten digit recognition: investigation of normalization and feature extraction techniques Pattern Recognition 37 2 2004 265 279
17. C.-L. Liu, M. Koga, H. Sako, H. Fujisawa, Aspect ratio adaptive normalization for handwritten character recognition, in: T. Tail, Y. Shi, W. Gao (Eds.), Advances in Multimodal Interfaces - ICMI2000, LNCS vol. 1948, Springer, Berlin, 2000, pp. 418-425.
18. A. Yoshida, Y. Hongo, Handprinted Kanji recognition by the background feature pattern matching method with a non-linear normalization, IEICE Technical Report, PRU92-34 (1992-09) (in Japanese).
19. T. Nakajima, T. Wakabayashi, F. Kimura, and Y. Miyake Accuracy improvement by compound discriminant functions for resembling character recognition Trans. IElCE Japan J-83-D-II 2 2000 623 633 (in Japanese)
20. T. Kawatani, H. Shimizu, Handwritten Kanji recognition with the LDA method, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Brisbane, 1998, vol. 2, pp. 1031-1035.
21. T. Kawatani, Handwritten Kanji recognition with determinant normalized quadratic discriminant function, Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Barcelona, Spain, 2000, vol. 2, pp. 343-346.
22. C.-L. Liu, Y.-J. Liu, and R.-W. Dai Preprocessing and statistical/structural feature extraction for handwritten numeral recognition A.C. Downton S. Impedovo Progress of Handwriting Recognition 1997 World Scientific Singapore 161 168
23. M. Hamanaka, K. Yamada, J. Tsukumo, Normalization-cooperated feature extraction method for handprinted Kanji character recognition, Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Frontiers of Handwriting Recognition, Buffalo, NY, 1993, pp. 343-348.
24. K. Fukunaga Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition second ed. 1990 Academic Press New York
25. T. Wakabayashi, S. Tsuruoka, F. Kimura, and Y. Miyake On the size and variable transformation of feature vector for handwritten character recognition Trans. IEICE Japan J76-D-II 12 1993 2495 2503
26. F. Kimura, T. Wakabayashi, S. Tsuruoka, and Y. Miyake Improvement of handwritten Japanese character recognition using weighted direction code histogram Pattern Recognition 30 8 1997 1329 1337
27. R.V.D. Heiden, and F.C.A. Gren The Box-Cox metric for nearest neighbor classification improvement Pattern Recognition 30 2 1997 273 279
28. F. Kimura, K. Takashina, S. Tsuruoka, and Y. Miyake Modified quadratic discriminant functions and the application to Chinese character recognition IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 9 1 1987 149 153
29. M.-K. Tsay, K.-H. Shyu, and P.-C. Chang Feature transformation with generalized LVQ for handwritten Chinese character recognition IEICE Trans. Information Systems E82-D 3 1999 687 692
30. N. Kato, M. Suzuki, S. Omachi, H. Aso, and Y. Nemoto A handwritten character recognition system using directional element feature and asymmetric Mahalanobis distance IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 21 3 1999 258 262
31. C.-L. Liu, S. Jaeger, and M. Nakagawa Online handwritten Chinese character recognition: the state of the art IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 26 2 2004 198 213
32. S.-Y. Kim, S.-W. Lee, Nonlinear shape normalization methods for gray-scale handwritten character recognition, Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, Ulm, Germany, 1997, pp. 479-482.