Hepatocellular carcinoma: A clinical update

MedGenMed Medscape General Medicine

Volumn 5, Issue 3, 2003, Pages

  Pons Renedo, Fernando ^a,b,c,d   Llovet, Josep M ^a,b,c,d  

^a Liver Unit   (Spain)

^b INSTITUT D INVESTIGACIONS BIOMÈDIQUES AUGUST PI I SUNYER IDIBAPS   (Spain)

^c Hospital Clínic   (Spain)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETIC ACID; ALCOHOL; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; IODINE 131; LIQUID NITROGEN; PEGINTERFERON; RIBAVIRIN; TAMOXIFEN;

AFRICA; ALCOHOL LIVER CIRRHOSIS; ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL EMBOLISM; ASIA; ASPIRATION BIOPSY; BONE SCINTISCANNING; CADAVER; CANCER MORTALITY; CANCER PALLIATIVE THERAPY; CANCER PREVENTION; CANCER RISK; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; CHRONIC HEPATITIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; HEMOCHROMATOSIS; HEPATITIS C; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INCIDENCE; LIVER CARCINOGENESIS; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; LIVING DONOR; LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY; MICROWAVE RADIATION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PREVALENCE; PROGNOSIS; RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; SURVIVAL RATE; TAIWAN; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; VACCINATION; LIVER TUMOR; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR;

CARCINOMA, HEPATOCELLULAR; HUMANS; LIVER NEOPLASMS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; NEOPLASM STAGING; PALLIATIVE CARE; PROGNOSIS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 25144500506     PISSN: 15310132     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, et al. Estimating the world cancer burden: GLOBOCAN 2000. Int J Cancer. 2001;94:153-156.
2. El Serag HB, Mason AC. Rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. N Engl J Med. 1999;340:745-750.
3. Colombo M. Risk groups and preventive strategies. In: Berr F, Bruix J, Hauss J, Wands J, Wittekind CH, eds. Malignant Liver Tumors: Basic Concepts and Clinical Management. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, BV and Falk Foundation; 2003:67-74.
4. Chang MH, Chen CJ, Lai MS, et al. Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. N Engl J Med. 1997;336:1855-1859.
5. Bruix J, Barrera JM, Calvet X, et al. Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus in Spanish patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic cirrhosis. Lancet. 1989;2:1004-1006.
6. Bruix J, Llovet JM. Prognostic prediction and treatment strategy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2002;35:519-524.
7. Bruix J, Sherman M, Llovet JM, et al. Clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions of the Barcelona-2000 EASL Conference. J Hepatol. 2001;35:421-430.
8. Durand F, Regimbeau JM, Belghiti J, et al. Assessment of the benefits and risks of percutaneous biopsy before surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 2001;35:254-258.
9. Choi D, Kim SH, Lim JH, et al. Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma: combined T2-weighted and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MRI versus combined CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2001;25:777-785.
10. AJCC. Cancer staging handbook. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumosurs. 6th ed. In: Greene F, Page D, Fleming I, et al, eds. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2002:145-153.
11. Okuda K, Ohtsuki T, Obata H, et al. Natural history of hepatocellular carcinoma and prognosis in relation to treatment. Study of 850 patients. Cancer. 1985;56:918-928.
12. Chevret S, Trinchet JC, Mathieu D, et al. A new prognostic classification for predicting survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol. 1999;31:133-141.
13. CLIP. Prospective validation of the CLIP score: a new prognostic system for patients with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2000;31:840-845.
14. Leung TW, Tang AM, Zee B, et al. Construction of the Chinese University Prognostic Index for hepatocellular carcinoma and comparison with the TNM staging system, the Okuda staging system, and the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program staging system: a study based on 926 patients. Cancer. 2002;94:1760-1769.
15. Llovet JM, Bru C, Bruix J. Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: the BCLC staging classification. Semin Liver Dis. 1999;19:329-338.
16. Bismuth H, Majno P. Hepatobiliary surgery. J Hepatol. 2000;32:208-224.
17. Llovet JM, Fuster J, Bruix J. Intention-to-treat analysis of surgical treatment for early hepatocellular carcinoma: Resection versus transplantation. Hepatology. 1999;39:1434-1440.
18. Arii S, Yamaoka Y, Futagawa S, et al. Results of surgical and nonsurgical treatment for small-sized hepatocellular carcinomas: A retrospective and nationwide survey in Japan. Hepatology. 2000;32:1224-1229.
19. Bruix J, Castells A, Bosch J, et al. Surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients: prognostic value of preoperative portal pressure. Gastroenterology. 1996;111:1018-1022.
20. Fong Y, Sun RL, Jarnagin W, et al. An analysis of 412 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma at a Western center. Ann Surg. 1999;229:790-799.
21. Yamamoto J, Okada S, Shimada K, et al. Treatment strategy for small hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of long-term results after percutaneous ethanol injection therapy and surgical resection. Hepatology. 2001;34:707-713.
22. Lau WY, Leung TW, Ho SK, et al. Adjuvant intra-arterial iodine-131-labelled lipiodol for resectable repatocellular carcinoma: a prospective randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;353:797-801.
23. Muto Y, Moriwaki H, Ninomiya M, et al. Prevention of second primary tumors by an acyclic retinoid, polyprenoic acid, in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1996;334: 1561-1567.
24. Takayama T, Sekine T, Makuuchi M, et al. Adoptive immunotherapy to lower postsurgical recurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2000; 356:802-807.
25. Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:693-699.
26. Bismuth H, Majno PE, Adam R. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis. 1999;19:311-322.
27. Jonas S, Bechstein WO, Steinmuller T, et al. Vascular invasion and histopathologic grading determine outcome after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2001;33:1080-1086.
28. Llovet JM, Bruix J, Fuster J, et al. Liver transplantation for treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma: The TNM classification does not have prognostic power. Hepatology. 1998;27:1572-1577.
29. Yao FY, Bass NM, Nikolai B, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of survival according to the intention-to-treat principle and dropout from the waiting list. Liver Transpl. 2002;8:873-883.
30. United Network for Organ Sharing. Annual report 2001. http://www.unos.org/data/.
31. Freeman R, Wiesner R, Harper A, et al. The new liver allocation system: moving toward evidence-based transplantation policy. Liver Transpl. 2002;8:851-858.
32. Trotter J, Wachs M, Everson G, et aI. Adult-to-adult transplantation of the right hepatic lobe from living donor. N Engl J Med. 2002;14:1074-1082.
33. Sarasin F, Majno P, Llovet JM, et al. Liver donor liver transplantation for early hepatocellular carcinoma: a cost-effectiveness perspective. Hepatology. 2001;33:1073-1079.
34. Brown R, Russo M, Lai M, et al. A survey of liver transplantation from living adult donors in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:818-825.
35. Livraghi T, Giorgio A, Marin G, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis in 746 patients: long-term results of percutaneous ethanol injection. Radiology. 1995;197:101-108.
36. Rossi S, Di Stasi M, Buscarini E, et al. Percutaneous RF interstitial thermal ablation in the treatment of hepatic cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;167:759-768.
37. Llovet JM, Vilana R, Brú C, et al. Increased risk of tumor seeding after radiofrequency thermal ablation for single hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepatology. 2001;33:1124-1129.
38. Lin DY, Liaw YF, Lee TY, et al. Hepatic arterial embolization in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma - a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 1988,94:453-456.
39. Group d'Etude et de Traitment du Carcinome Hépatocellulaire. A comparison of lipiodol chemoembolization and conservative treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1995;332:1256-1261.
40. Bruix J, Llovet JM, Castells A, et al. Transarterial embolization versus symptomatic treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: results of a randomized, controlled trial in a single institution. Hepatology. 1998;127:1578-1583.
41. Pelletier G, Ducreux M, Gay F, et al. Treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma with lipiodol chemoembolization: a multicenter randomized trial. J Hepatol. 1998;29:129-134.
42. Lo CM, Ngan H, Tso WK, et al. Randomized controlled trial of transarterial lipiodol chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2002;35:1164-1171.
43. Llovet JM, Real MI, Montana X, et al. Arterial embolisation or chemoembolisation versus symptomatic treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2002;359:1734-1739.
44. Castells A, Bruix J, Bru C, et al. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with tamoxifen: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 120 patients. Gastroenterology. 1995;109:917-922.
45. Raoul JL, Guyader D, Bretagne JF, et al. Prospective randomized trial of chemoembolization versus intra-arterial injection of 131I-labeled-iodized oil in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 1997;26:1156-1161.
46. Llovet JM, Sala M, Castells L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of interferon treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2000;31:1-5.
47. Llovet JM, Bruix J. Systematic review of randomized trials for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: chemoembolization improves survival. Hepatology. 2003;37:429-442.
48. Mondazzi L, Bottelli R, Brambilla G, et al. Transarterial oily chemoembolization for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors. Hepatology. 1994;19:1115-1123.
49. Elba S, Giannuzzi V, Misciagna G, et al. Randomized controlled trial of tamoxifen versus placebo in inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma. Ital J Gastroenterol. 1994;26:66-68.
50. Llovet JM, Burroughs A, Bruix J. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet. In press.
51. Kojiro M. The evolution of pathologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma. In: Tabor E, ed. Perspectives in Medical Virology: Viruses and Liver Cancer. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Science BV; 2002:113-122.
52. Sakamoto M, Hirohashi S. Natural history and prognosis of adenomatous hyperplasia and early hepatocellular carcinoma: multi-institutional analysis of 53 nodules followed up for more than 6 months and 141 patients with single early hepatocellular carcinoma treated by surgical resection or percutaneous ethanol injection. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 1998;28:604-608.
53. Llovet JM, Bustamante J, Castells A, et al. Natural history of untreated nonsurgical hepatocellular carcinoma: rationale for the design and evaluation of therapeutic trials. Hepatology. 1999;29:62-67.