From arrows to bullets: The fortifications of Abdullah Khan Kala (Merv, Turkmenistan). A study of warfare in late medieval Merv, pivotal city on the silk route

Antiquity

Volumn 79, Issue 305, 2005, Pages 616-624

  Brun, Pierre ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Fifteenth Sixteenth centuries AD; Fortification; Islamic; Merv; Missiles; Turkmenistan

Indexed keywords

URBAN HISTORY; WAR;

ASIA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; EURASIA; TURKMENISTAN; WEST ASIA; WORLD;

NASO HEXACANTHUS;

EID: 25144494733     PISSN: 0003598X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0003598X00114553     Document Type: Article

References (12)

1. Asfizari, 1959. Rauzat al-dzbanat. Teheran.
2. Ayalon, D. 1960. Barud: the Mamluks, in Encyclopedia of Islam, 2nd ed., vol. I: 1058-60. Leiden.
3. Bartusis, M.C. 1992. The Late Byzantine army. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
4. Berdyev, A.O. 1993. O datirovke gorodiche Abdulla-Khan-Kala i Bairam-Ali-Khan-Kala v Merve, in N.V. Atarnamedov et al. (ed.) Merv v drevnei i srednevekovoi istorii Vostoka IV. Ashgabat: Ylym.
5. Brun, P. & A. Annaev. 2001. The medieval fortifications, in G. Herrmann, K. Kurbansakhatov, St J. Simpson et al. (ed.) The International Merv Project, preliminary report on the ninth season (2000). Iran 39: 25-34.
6. Dani, A.H. & P. Bernard. 1994. Alexander and its successors in Central Asia, in J. Harmatta (ed.) The development of sedentary and nomadic civilisations: 700 BC to AD 250 (History of Civilisations of Central Asia, vol. 2). Paris: UNESCO.
7. Krawulsky, D. 1982. Horasan zur Timuridenzeit nach dent Tarih-e hafez-e Abru (verf 817-823 h) (Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Reihe B, Nr 46). Wiesbaden: Schweizer.
8. Khodzhanijazov, T. & S.B. Lunina. 2001. Dinamika razbitiya Merva v VIII-XII vv. Kulturnye Tsennosti (1999): 59-74. Evropijskij Dom.
9. Obel'chenko, O.V. 1963. Gorodicha starogo Merva, Abdulla Khan Kala i Bairam-Ali v svete rabot Yutake 1950 g. Trudy Yujno-Turmenskoi Arkheologiceskoi Kompleksnoi 12: 309-50.
10. Partington, J.R. 1960. A history of Greek fire and gunpowder. Cambridge: Heffer.
11. Zaky, A.R. 1967. Gunpowder and Arab firearms in Middle Ages. Gladius 6: 45-58.
12. Zhukovsky, V.A. 1894. Drevnosti Zakaspiiskogo kraya. Razvaliny starogo Merva. Saint Petersburg.