Update on eustachian tube dysfunction and the patulous eustachian tube

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery

Volumn 13, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 277-282

  Grimmer, J Fredrik ^b   Poe, Dennis S ^a  

^a BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Eustachian tube; Eustachian tube dysfunction; Eustachian tube testing; Patulous eustachian tube

Indexed keywords

AUTACOID;

ADENOID; ADENOIDECTOMY; ALLERGIC DISEASE; ALLERGIC RHINITIS; AUDITORY TUBE DYSFUNCTION; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; HUMAN; MIDDLE EAR DISEASE; OTITIS MEDIA; PATULOUS EUSTACHIAN TUBE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SECRETORY OTITIS MEDIA;

EAR DISEASES; EUSTACHIAN TUBE; HUMANS; OTITIS MEDIA; RHINITIS;

EID: 25144464534     PISSN: 10689508     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.moo.0000176465.68128.45     Document Type: Review

References (38)

1. Maheshwar AA, Kim EY, Pensak ML, et al. Roof of the parapharyngeal space: defining its boundaries and clinical implications. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2004; 113:283-288. An anatomic study that looks at the boundaries of the parapharyngeal roof and cartilaginous eustachian tube.
2. Jen A, Sanelli PC, Banthia V, et al. Relationship of petrous temporal bone pneumatization to the eustachian tube lumen. Laryngoscope 2004; 114: 656-660. A retrospective study of temporal bone CTs examining the incidence of peritubal cells opening into the eustachian tube lumen.
3. Saim L, McKenna MJ, Nadol JB Jr. Tubal and tympanic openings of the peritubal cells: implications for cerebrospinal fluid otorhinorrhea. Am J Otol 1996; 17:335-339.
4. Abe M, Murakami G, Noguchi M, et al. Variations in the tensor veli palatini muscle with special reference to its origin and insertion. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2004; 41:474-484. Cadaveric study in 119 specimens examining the insertion and origin of the TVP muscle.
5. Arnold WH, Nohadani N, Koch KH. Morphology of the auditory tube and palatal muscles in a case of bilateral cleft palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2005; 42:197-201. Autopsy study of the eustachian tube and associated muscles in a patient with bilateral cleft.
6. Bluestone CD, Hebda PA, Alper CM, et al. Recent advances in otitis media, 2: eustachian tube, middle ear, and mastoid anatomy; physiology, pathophysiology, and pathogenesis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl 2005; 194:16-30. The authors summarize the important contributions to the understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology of middle ear disease since June 1999.
7. Cinamon U. Passive and dynamic properties of the eustachian tube: quantitative studies in a model. Otol Neurotol 2004; 25:1031-1033. Using a plastic model of the middle ear, mastoid, and eustachian tube, the authors show that intratympanic fluid alone may cause negative pressure in the middle ear.
8. Ghadiali SN, Banks J, Swarts JD. Finite element analysis of active eustachian tube function. J Appl Physiol 2004; 97:648-654. The authors developed a computational technique using mid-cartilaginous images of the eustachian tube of normal adults to create a two-dimensional model of the eustachian tube.
9. Kanick SC, Doyle WJ. Barotrauma during air travel: predictions of a mathematical model. J Appl Physiol 2005; 98:1592-1602. Investigators studied a mathematical model of middle ear pressure regulation in the setting of atmospheric pressure changes.
10. Kanick SC, Doyle WJ, Ghadiali SN, et al. On morphometric measurement of oxygen diffusing capacity in middle ear gas exchange. J Appl Physiol 2005; 98:114-119. Using morphometric measurements, the examiners attempt to estimate the oxygen diffusion capacity in the middle ear.
11. Kania R, Portier F, Lecain E, et al. Experimental model for investigating transmucosal gas exchanges in the middle ear of the rat. Acta Otolaryngol 2004; 124:408-410. This study investigates the use of a rat model to measure transmucosal gas exchange in the middle ear.
12. Sade J, Cinamon U, Ar A, et al. Gas flow into and within the middle ear. Otol Neurotol 2004; 25:649-652. Using a Perspex model of the middle ear, the investigators examine the relationship of the diameter of eustachian tube isthmus on gas exchange in the middle ear.
13. 2O gas exchange in the middle ear.
14. Nguyen LH, Manoukian JJ, Sobol SE, et al. Similar allergic inflammation in the middle ear and the upper airway: evidence linking otitis media with effusion to the united airways concept. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114:1110-1115. Investigators examine the cytokine and cellular profiles of the middle ear and nasopharynx in atopic patients, lending support for seasonal allergies as a cause of otitis media.
15. Lazo-Saenz JG, Galvan-Aguilera AA, Martinez-Ordaz VA, et al. Eustachian tube dysfunction in allergic rhinitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 132:626-629. This study examines the incidence of abnormal tympanograms in patients with allergic rhinitis.
16. Karkos PD, Assimakopoulos D, Issing WJ. Pediatric middle ear infections and gastroesophageal reflux. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2004; 68:1489-1492. Good review of the current data supporting gastroesophageal reflux as a cause of middle ear effusions in children.
17. Effat KG. Otoscopic appearances and tympanometric changes in narghile smokers. J Laryngol Otol 2004; 118:818-821. The study examined the Otoscopic appearance of narghile smokers compared with cigarette smokers.
18. da Costa JL, Navarro A, Neves JB, et al. Household wood and charcoal smoke increases risk of otitis media in childhood in Maputo. Int J Epidemiol 2004; 33:573-578. This is a case-controlled study of 750 patients that examined risk factors for eustachian tube dysfunction.
19. Rovers MM, Zielhuis GA, Straatman H, et al. Prognostic factors for persistent otitis media with effusion in infants. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1999; 125:1203-1207.
20. Owen MJ, Baldwin CD, Swank PR, et al. Relation of infant feeding practices, cigarette smoke exposure, and group child care to the onset and duration of otitis media with effusion in the first two years of life. J Pediatr 1993; 123: 702-711.
21. Kraemer MJ, Richardson MA, Weiss NS, et al. Risk factors for persistent middle-ear effusions: otitis media, catarrh, cigarette smoke exposure, and atopy. JAMA 1983; 249:1022-1025.
22. Persico M, Podoshin L, Fradis M, et al. Recurrent middle-ear infections in infants: the protective role of maternal breast feeding. Ear Nose Throat J 1983; 62:297-304.
23. Shimada J, Yamanaka N, Hotomi M, et al. Household transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae among siblings with acute otitis media. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:1851-1853.
24. Fireman P. Otitis media and eustachian tube dysfunction: connection to allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997; 99:3787-3797.
25. Chandra R. Prospective studies of breast feeding on the incidence of infection and allergy. Acta Paediatr Scand 1979; 68:691-694.
26. Maeda K, Hirano T, Ichimiya I, et al. Cytokine expression in experimental chronic otitis media with effusion in mice. Laryngoscope 2004; 114: 1967-1972. Using a murine model of otitis media with effusion, the authors found that eustachian tube blockage is essential for the induction of serous middle ear effusion and that the addition of endotoxin is associated with mucoid effusion, inflammatory cell infiltrate, and cytokine production.
27. Lee HY, Andalibi A, Webster P, et al. Antimicrobial activity of innate immune molecules against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. BMC Infect Dis 2004; 4:12. Authors examine the antimicrobial activity of secreted substances of the eustachian tube and middle ear. They found that lysozyme and β-defensins can inhibit the growth of clinical isolates of otitis media pathogens.
28. Wang SZ, Chen ZC, McNamar JP, et al. The relationship between the protective effect of amifostine and decreased intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression. Am J Otolaryngol 2005; 26:118-122. The authors studied the protective effects of amifostine after irradiation in the middle ear. They found that irradiation increased the expression of ICAM-1 in the middle ear mucosa and hypothesize that continuous ICAM-1 expression may cause eustachian tube stenosis.
29. Straetemans M, van Heerbeek N, Schilder AG, et al. Eustachian tube function before recurrence of otitis media with effusion. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 131:118-123. Authors studied the forced response test, the pressure equalization test, and the sniff test to predict recurrent OME in children with a history of OME.
30. Uzun C. Evaluation of predive parameters related to eustachian tube dysfunction for symptomatic middle ear barotrauma in divers. Otol Neurotol 2005; 26:59-64. This study examines the predictive factors that lead to barotrauma during diving. A nine-step inflation/deflation tympanometry and a small mastoid size are predictive of barotrauma during diving.
31. Egeli E, Oghan F, Ozturk O, et al. Measuring the correlation between adenoidal-nasopharyngeal ratio (AN ratio) and tympanogram in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2005; 69:229-233. Authors compared the AN index with tympanograms and found that an increased AN ratio was associated with middle ear effusions and type C tympanograms.
32. Nguyen LH, Manoukian JJ, Yoskovitch A, et al. Adenoidectomy: selection criteria for surgical cases of otitis media. Laryngoscope 2004; 114:863-866. Authors investigated whether the position and size of the adenoids affect outcome of patients requiring pressure equalization tubes. They report on a prospective randomized trial and found that patients with adenoids abutting the torus tubaris benefit from adenoidectomy.
33. Uzun C, Caye-Thomasen P, Andersen J, et al. Eustachian tube patency and function in tympanoplasty with cartilage palisades or fascia after cholesteatoma surgery. Otol Neurotol 2004; 25:864-872. Authors compared fascia and cartilage tympanoplasty with respect to eustachian tube function after cholesteatoma surgery.
34. Bluestone CD. Studies in otitis media: Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh-University of Pittsburgh progress report - 2004. Laryngoscope 2004; 114: 1-26. This is a review of otitis media research at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh since 1969.
35. Yung MW, Bowdler D, Swan IR. The Yung percutaneous mastoid vent: results of a multicenter trial. Otol Neurotol 2004; 25:885-890. Authors report on a percutaneous mastoid vent for the treatment of chronic eustachian tube dysfunction. At 18 months of follow-up, 20 of 23 vents remained patent, and 13 of 17 atelectatic ears had become near normal.
36. Yoshida H, Kobayashi T, Takasaki K, et al. Imaging of the patulous eustachian tube: high-resolution CT evaluation with multiplanar reconstruction technique. Acta Otolaryngol 2004; 124:918-923. This study examined temporal bones of patients with and without a patulous eustachian tube. In patients with a patulous eustachian tube, they found a patent cartilaginous eustachian tube at rest as well as a decreased volume of Ostmann's fat.
37. Kano S, Kawase T, Baba Y, et al. Possible new assessment of patulous eustachian tube function: audiometry for tones presented in the nasal cavity. Acta Otolaryngol 2004; 124:431-435. Authors investigated the use of a novel audiometric test for assessing patulous eustachian tube. In this test, sound is presented to the nasopharynx, and threshold testing is performed in the usual fashion.
38. Orlandi RR, Shelton C. Endoscopic closure of the eustachian tube. Am J Rhinol 2004; 18:363-365. The authors report on one patient with a patulous eustachian tube and two patients with cerebrospinal fluid leak who successfully underwent closure of the eustachian tube using an endoscopic technique.