An evaluation of the motion picture association of America's treatment of violence in PG-, PG-13-, and R-rated films

Pediatrics

Volumn 115, Issue 5, 2005, Pages

  Jenkins, Lucille ^a   Webb, Theresa ^a   Browne, Nick ^b   Afifi, A A ^b   Kraus, Jess ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Film; Media; MPAA rating system; Violence

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUDIOVISUAL EQUIPMENT; DATA ANALYSIS; EVALUATION; HUMAN; POISSON DISTRIBUTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RATING SCALE; VIOLENCE; CLASSIFICATION; LANGUAGE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

LANGUAGE; MOTION PICTURES; POISSON DISTRIBUTION; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; UNITED STATES; VIOLENCE;

EID: 25144442748     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 00314005     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2004-1977     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. Valenti J. The Voluntary Movie Rating System: How the Ratings Are Decided. Available at: www.mpaa.org/movieratings/about/index.htm 2002. Accessed January 2004
2. Gentile D, Walsh D. A normative study of family media habits. Appl Dev Psychol. 2002;23:157-178
3. American Medical Association. Mass media violence and film ratings: redressing shortcomings in the current system. In: Proceedings of the House of Delegates, 143rd Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL: American Medical Association; 1994:78-89
4. National Institute on Media and the Family. National Survey of Parent Media Attitudes, Behaviors and Opinions. Minneapolis, MN: National Institute on Media and the Family; 1996
5. Valenti J. Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). Available at: www.mpaa.org/movieratings/about/index.htm 2000. Accessed January 2004
6. Federman J. Rating Sex and Violence in the Media: Media Ratings and Proposals for Reform. Menlo Park, CA: Kaiser Family Foundation; 2002
7. Walsh D, Gentile D. A validity test of movie, television and video-game ratings. Pediatrics. 2001;107:1302-1308
8. Wilson B, Linz D, Randall B. Applying social science research to film ratings: a shift from offensiveness to harmful effects. J Broadcast Electronic Media. 1990;34:443-468
9. Cantor J. Ratings for program content: the role of research findings. Ann Am Acad Political Soc Sci. 1998;557:54-69
10. Marketing Violent Entertainment to Children: A Review of Self-Regulation and Industry Practices in the Motion Picture, Music Recording & Electronic Game Industries. Report of the Federal Trade Commission. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; 2000
11. Browne N. American film violence: an analytic portrait. J Interpers Violence 2002;17:351-370
12. Afifi A, Clark V, May S. Computer-Aided Multivariate Analysis. 4th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2004
13. SAS Institute. SAS/STAT, Version 8. Cary, NC: SAS Institute; 1999
14. Thompson K, Yokota F. Violence, sex, and profanity in films: correlation of movie ratings with content. Medscape Gen Med. 2004;6:3
15. Lyman R. Revolt in the den: DVD has VCR headed for the attic. New York Times. 2002;August 26:A1
16. Woodard E IV, Gridina N. Media in the Home 2000: Fifth Annual Survey of Parents and Children. Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania. Available at: www.appcpenn.org/mediainhome/survey/survey7.pdf. Accessed July 8, 2004