Ultrasonographic measurement of the bovine teat: Breed differences, and the significance of the measurements for udder health

Journal of Dairy Research

Volumn 72, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 296-302

  Klein, Daniela ^a   Flöck, Martina ^a   Khol, Johannes Lorenz ^a   Franz, Sonja ^a   Stüger, Hans Peter ^b   Baumgartner, Walter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE   (Austria)

^b JOANNEUM RESEARCH   (Austria)

Author keywords

Cow; Mastitis; Sonography; Teat canal

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CATTLE; CATTLE DISEASE; ECHOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; HISTOLOGY; LACTATION; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; STATISTICAL MODEL; UDDER;

ANIMALS; CATTLE; FEMALE; HEALTH STATUS; LACTATION; LOGISTIC MODELS; MAMMARY GLANDS, ANIMAL; MASTITIS, BOVINE; SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

ANIMALIA; BOS TAURUS; BOVINAE;

EID: 24944584597     PISSN: 00220299     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0022029905000920     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Agresti A 2002 [Categorical Data Analysis.] 2nd Edition. Hoboken NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 165-181
2. Baumgartner W (Ed.) 2002 [Clinical Propaedeutics of Internal and Skin Diseases of Domestic Animals.] 5th Edition. Berlin, Germany: Parey Buchverlag
3. Binde M & Bakke H 1984 Relationships between teat characteristics and udder health. Nordisk Veterinaermedicin 36 111-116
4. Braun U 1997 [Atlas and Textbook of Ultrasonographic Diagnostic in Cattle.] Berlin, Germany: Parey Buchverlag
5. Cartee RE, Ibrahim AK & McLeary D 1986 B-mode ultrasonography of the bovine udder and teat. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 188 1284-1287
6. Caruolo EV & Mochrie RD 1967 Ultrasonograms of lactating mammary glands. Journal of Dairy Science 50 225-230
7. Comalli MP, Eberhart RJ, Griel LC & Rothenbacher H 1984 Changes in the microscopic anatomy of the bovine teat canal during mammary involution. American Journal of Veterinary Research 45 2236-2242
8. Franz S, Hofmann-Parisot M, Baumgartner W, Windischbauer G, Suchy A & Bauder B 2001 Ultrasonography of the teat canal in cows and sheep. Veterinary Record 149 109-112
9. Franz S, Hofmann-Parisot M, Gütler S & Baumgartner W 2003 Clinical findings in the mammary gland of sheep. New Zealand Veterinary Journal 51 238-243
10. Glawischnig E, Neumeister E & Sabri Albana A 1971 [Important measures for efficient mastitis sanitation programmes in bigger dairy herds.] Wiener Tierärztliche Monatsschrift 58 127-131
11. Grindal RJ, Walton AW & Hillerton JE 1991 Influence of milk flow rate and streak canal length on new intramammary infection in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Research 58 383-388
12. Hamana K, Motomura Y, Yasuda N & Kamimura S 1994 Bovine teat morphology and ultrasonic tomography related to milk quality and bacteria. In Proceedings of the XVIIIth World Buiatrics Congress 1994 Bologna, Italy 377-380
13. Hamann J 1989 [Machine Milking and Mastitis.] Stuttgart, Germany: Ferdinand Enke Verlag
14. Hamann J 1996 Somatic cells: factors of influence and practical measures to keep a physiological level. Mastitis Newsletter 21 9-11. Newsletter of the International Dairy Federation no. 144
15. Hamann J & Burvenich C 1994 Physiological status of bovine teat. International Dairy Federation Bulletin 297 3-12
16. Hamann J & Østeras O 1994 Special aspects. Teat tissue reactions to machine milking and new infection risk. International Dairy Federation Bulletin 297 51-60
17. Hebel P, Söngen W & Beuing R 1979 [Influence of various phenotypic and genetic characters of the cow udder on its predisposition to mastitis.] Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin B 26 652-667
18. Hospes R & Seeh C 1999 [Sonography and Endoscopy of the Bovine Teat. Atlas and Textbook.] Stuttgart, Germany: Verlag Schattauer
19. Jenninger S 1989 [Ultrasound examination of the bovine udder. Physiological and pathological findings.] Thesis, Veterinary Medicine Faculty of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
20. Khol JL 2003 [Ultrasonographic detection of the influence of lactation and milking technique on the bovine teat.] Thesis, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
21. Kleinschroth E 1991 [Control systems for the veterinarian in mastitis problem herds. Part 1: Herd control by udder health disorders and influencing factors on udder health.] Der Praktische Tierarzt 72 1063-1077
22. Kossaibati MA 2000 The costs of clinical mastitis in UK dairy herds. Cattle Practice 8 323-327
23. Lacy-Hulbert SJ & Hillerton JE 1995 Physical characteristics of the bovine teat canal and their influence on susceptibility to streptococcal infection. Journal of Dairy Research 62 395-404
24. McCullagh P & Neider JA 1989 Generalized Linear Models 2nd Edition. London: Chapman & Hall
25. McDonald JS 1968a Radiographic Method for anatomic study of the teat canal: observations on 22 lactating dairy cows. American Journal of Veterinary Research 29 1315-1319
26. McDonald JS 1968b Radiographic method for anatomic study of the teat canal: changes with lactation age. American Journal of Veterinary Research 29 1207-1210
27. McDonald JS 1975 Radiographic method for anatomic study of the teat canal: characteristics related to resistance to new intramammary infection during lactation and the early dry period. Cornell Veterinarian 65 492-499
28. Michel G & Rausch B 1988 [Change in teat dimensions of cattle udder during several periods of lactation.] Monatsheft Veterinärmedizin 43 337-339
29. Neijenhuis F, Klungel G & Hogeveen H 2001 Recovery of cow teats after milking as determined by ultrasonographic scanning. Journal of Dairy Science 84 2599-2606
30. Saratsis P & Grunert E 1993 [Diagnostic ultrasound for the examination of the extension of teat stenosis or other anomalies of the teat in dairy cows.] Deutsche Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 100 159-163
31. Scherzer J 1992 [Ultrasound examination of the bovine teat - influence of teat canal length and other factors on the udder health.] Thesis, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
32. Seeh C, Hospes R & Bostedt H 1996 [The use of visual methods (sonography/endoscopy) for the diagnosis of a webbed teat in a cow. A case report.] Tierärztliche Praxis 24 438-442
33. Seyfried G 1992 [The sonographic measurement of teat structures and the significance for udder health of 'Braun- and Fleckvieh'-cows.] Thesis, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
34. Seykora AJ & McDaniel BT 1985 Udder and teat morphology related to mastitis resistance: a review. Journal of Dairy Science 68 2087-2093
35. Spohr M & Schulze-Wartenhorst B 1991 [Influencing factors on udder health and diagnostic methods for the practising veterinarian.] Der Praktische Tierarzt 9 745-756
36. Stocker H, Bättig U, Duss M, Zähner M, Flückiger M, Eicher R & Rüsch P 1989 [Evaluation of bovine teat stenoses by means of ultrasonography.] Tierärztliche Praxis 17 251-256
37. Wendt K, Bostedt H, Mielke H & Fuchs HW 1994 [Udder- and Teat Diseases.] Stuttgart, Germany: Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena. pp. 229-231
38. Will S, Würgau T, Frauenholz J, Bouadid C & Leidl W 1990 [Sonographic findings on the papilla mammae in cattle.] Deutsche Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 97 403-406