Reevaluating the roles of eddies in multiple barotropic wind-driven gyres

Journal of Physical Oceanography

Volumn 35, Issue 7, 2005, Pages 1263-1278

  Fox Kemper, Baylor ^a  

^a MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS; INTEGRAL EQUATIONS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; OCEAN CURRENTS; REYNOLDS NUMBER; VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS; WIND EFFECTS;

MASS EXCHANGE; SUBTROPICAL FORCING; WIND DRIVEN GYRES;

OCEANOGRAPHY;

BAROTROPIC MOTION; GYRE; MESOSCALE EDDY; WIND-DRIVEN CIRCULATION;

EID: 24944538672     PISSN: 00223670     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JPO2743.1     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Balmforth, N. J., and C. Piccolo, 2001: The onset of meandering in a barotropic jet. J. Fluid Mech., 449, 85-114.
2. Becker, J. M., and R. Salmon, 1997: Eddy formation on a continental slope. J. Mar. Res., 55, 181-200.
3. Berloff, P. S., 1998: On the stability of the wind-driven circulation. J. Mar. Res., 59, 937-993.
4. Berloff, P. S., 2005: On dynamically consistent eddy fluxes. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, in press.
5. Berloff, P. S., and S. P. Meacham, 1998: The dynamics of a simple baroclinic model of the wind-driven circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 361-388.
6. Berloff, P. S., J. C. McWilliams, and A. Bracco, 2002: Material transport in oceanic gyres. Part I: Phenomenology. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 764-796.
7. Bower, A. S., and M. S. Lozier, 1994: A closer look at particle exchange in the gulf stream. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 1399-1418.
8. Carrier, G. F., and A. R. Robinson, 1962: On the theory of the wind-driven ocean circulation. J. Fluid Mech., 12, 49-80.
9. Cessi, P., 1991: Laminar separation of colliding western boundary currents. J. Mar. Res., 49, 697-717.
10. Cessi, P., and G. R. Ierley, 1990: Symmetry-breaking multiple equilibria in quasi-geostrophic, wind-driven flows. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1196-1205.
11. Chang, K.-I., M. Ghil, K. Ide, and C.-C. A. Lai, 2001: Transition to aperiodic variability in a wind-driven double-gyre circulation model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 1260-1286.
12. Charney, J. G., 1955: The Gulf Stream as an inertial boundary layer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 41, 731-740.
13. Cornillon, L., T. Lee, and G. Fall, 1994: On the probability that a Gulf Stream meander crest detaches to form a warm core ring. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 159-171.
14. Coulliette, C., and S. Wiggins, 2001: Intergyre transport in a wind-driven, quasigeostropic double gyre: An application of lobe dynamics. Nonlinear Proc. Geophys., 8, 69-94.
15. Dijkstra, H. A., and C. A. Katsman, 1997: Temporal variability of the wind-driven quasi-geostrophic double gyre ocean circulation: Basic bifurcation diagrams. Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn., 85, 195-232.
16. Edwards, C. A., and J. Pedlosky, 1998: Dynamics of nonlinear cross-equatorial flow. Part I: Potential vorticity transformation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 2382-2406.
17. Fofonoff, N. P., 1954: Steady flow in a frictionless homogenous ocean. J. Mar. Res., 13, 254-262.
18. Fox-Kemper, B., 2003: Friction and eddies: Removal of vorticity from the wind-driven gyre. Ph.D. thesis, MIT/WHOI, 2003-06, 310 pp.
19. Fox-Kemper, B., 2004: Wind-driven barotropic gyre. II: Effects of eddies and low interior viscosity. J. Mar. Res., 62, 195-232.
20. Fox-Kemper, B., and J. Pedlosky, 2004: Wind-driven barotropic gyre. I: Circulation control by eddy vorticity fluxes to an enhanced removal region. J. Mar. Res., 62, 169-193.
21. Fox-Kemper, B., R. Ferrari, and J. Pedlosky, 2003: On the indeterminacy of rotational and divergent eddy fluxes. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 33, 478-483.
22. Ghil, M., Y. Feliks, and L. U. Sushama, 2002: Baroclinic and barotropic aspects of wind-driven ocean circulation. Physica D, 167, 1-35.
23. Griffiths, R. W., 1998: Linear theory of the effect of a sloping boundary on circulation in a homogeneous laboratory model. J. Mar. Res., 56, 75-86.
24. Griffiths, R. W., and G. Veronis, 1997: A laboratory study of effects of a sloping side boundary on wind-driven circulation in a homogeneous ocean model. J. Mar. Res., 55, 1103-1126.
25. Haidvogel, D. B., J. C. McWilliams, and P. R. Gent, 1992: Boundary current separation in a quasigeostrophic, eddy-resolving ocean circulation model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 882-902.
26. Harrison, D. E., and W. R. Holland, 1981: Regional eddy vorticity transport and the equilibrium vorticity budgets of a numerical model ocean circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 11, 190-208.
27. Haynes, P., and M. E. McIntyre, 1987: On the evolution of vorticity and potential vorticity in the presence of diabatic heating and frictional or other forces. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 828-841.
28. Hogg, N. G., 1994: Observations of gulf stream meander-induced disturbances. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 2534-2546.
29. Holland, W. R., and P. B. Rhines, 1980: An example of eddy-induced ocean circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 1010-1031.
30. Holland, W. R., and W. J. Schmitz, 1985: Zonal penetration scale of model midlatitude jets. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 15, 1859-1875.
31. Hughes, C. W., and B. A. de Cuevas, 2001: Why western boundary currents in realistic oceans are inviscid: A link between form stress and bottom pressure torques. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 31, 2871-2885.
32. Ierley, G. R., 1987: On the onset of recirculation in barotropic general circulation models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 2366-2374.
33. Ierley, G. R., and O. G. Ruehr, 1986: Analytic and numerical solutions of a nonlinear boundary-layer problem. Stud. Appl. Math., 75, 1-36.
34. Ierley, G. R., and V. A. Sheremet, 1995: Multiple solutions and advection-dominated flows in the wind-driven circulation. Part I: Slip. J. Mar. Res., 53, 703-737.
35. Il'in, A. M., and V. M. Kamenkovich, 1964: The structure of the boundary layer in a two-dimensional model of ocean currents (in Russian). Okeanologiya, 4, 756-769.
36. Le Provost, C., and J. Verron, 1987: Wind-driven ocean circulation transition to barotropic instability. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 11, 175-201.
37. Lozier, M. S., and S. C. Riser, 1990: Potential vorticity sources and sinks in a quasi-geostrophic ocean: Beyond western boundary currents. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 1608-1627.
38. Marshall, D., and J. Marshall, 1992: Zonal penetration scale of midlatitude oceanic jets. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 22, 1018-1032.
39. Marshall, D. P., and J. C. Stephens, 1998: On the insensitivity of the wind-driven circulation to bottom topography. J. Mar. Res., 59, 1-27.
40. Marshall, J. C., 1984: Eddy mean flow interaction in a barotropic ocean model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 100, 573-590.
41. Moro, B., 1987: On the inertial motion of a homogeneous ocean. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 11, 1-17.
42. Moro, B., 1988: On the nonlinear Munk model. Part I: Steady flows. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 12, 259-287.
43. Moro, B., 1990: On the nonlinear Munk model. Part II: Stability. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 14, 203-227.
44. Munk, W. H., 1950: On the wind-driven ocean circulation. J. Meteor., 7, 79-93.
45. Munk, W. H., and G. F. Carrier, 1950: The wind-driven circulation in ocean basins of various shapes. Tellus, 2, 158-167.
46. Nauw, J. J., and H. A. Dijkstra, 2001: The origin of low-frequency variability of double-gyre wind-driven flows. J. Mar. Res., 59, 567-597.
47. Niiler, P. P., 1966: On the theory of the wind-driven ocean circulation. Deep-Sea Res., 13, 597-606.
48. Plumb, R. A., 1982: A new look at the energy cycle. J. Atmos. Sci. 40, 1669-1688.
49. Pratt, L. J., M. S. Lozier, and N. Beliakova, 1995: Parcel trajectories in quasigeostrophic jets: Neutral modes. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 1451-1466.
50. Primeau, F., 1998: Multiple equilibria of a double-gyre ocean model with super-slip boundary conditions. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 2130-2147.
51. Rhines, P. B., and W. R. Holland, 1979: A theoretical discussion of eddy-driven mean flows. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 3, 289-325.
52. Rogerson, A. M., P. D. Miller, L. J. Pratt, and C. K. R. T. Jones, 1999: Lagrangian motion and fluid exchange in a barotropic meandering jet. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 29, 2635-2655.
53. Scott, R. B., and D. N. Straub, 1998: Small viscosity behavior of a homogeneous, quasigeostrophic, ocean circulation model. J. Mar. Res., 56, 1225-1258.
54. Sheremet, V. A., G. R. Ierley, and V. M. Kamenkovich, 1997: Eigenanalysis of the two-dimensional wind-driven ocean circulation problem. J. Mar. Res., 55, 57-92.
55. Spall, M. A., and A. R. Robinson, 1990: Regional primitive equation studies of the gulf stream meander and ring formation region. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 20, 985-1016.
56. Speich, S., H. A. Dijkstra, and M. Ghil, 1995: Successive bifurcations in a shallow-water model applied to the wind-driven ocean circulation. Nonlinear Process. Geophys., 2, 241-268.
57. Stewart, R. W., 1964: The influence of friction on inertial models of oceanic circulation. Studies on Oceanography: A Collection of Papers Dedicated to Koji Hidaka, K. Yoshida, Ed., University of Washington Press, 3-9.
58. Stewart, R. W., 1989: The no-slip constraint and ocean models. Atmos.-Oceans, 27, 542-552.
59. Stommel, H. M., 1948: The westward intensification of wind-driven ocean currents. Trans., Amer. Geophys. Union, 29, 202-206.
60. Sverdrup, H. U., 1947: Wind-driven currents in a baroclinic ocean; with application to the equatorial currents of the eastern Pacific. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 33, 318-326.
61. van der Vaart, P. C. F., H. M. Schuttelaars, D. Calvete, and H. A. Dijkstra, 2002: Instability of time-dependent wind-driven ocean gyres. Phys. Fluids, 14, 3601-3615.
62. Yang, H., and Z. Liu, 1997: The three-dimensional chaotic transport and the great ocean barrier. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1258-1273.
63. Yuan, G.-C., L. J. Pratt, and C. K. R. T. Jones, 2004: Cross-jet transport and mixing in a 21/2-layer model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 34, 1991-2005.