메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 10, 2005, Pages 529-573

Atrial tachycardia: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and management

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMIODARONE; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIGOXIN; ENCAINIDE; FLECAINIDE; PROCAINAMIDE; PROPAFENONE; PROPRANOLOL; QUINIDINE; SOTALOL; VERAPAMIL;

EID: 24944522452     PISSN: 01462806     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2005.06.004     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (61)

References (133)
  • 1
    • 0034883642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A classification of atrial flutter and regular atrial tachycardia according to electrophysiological mechanisms and anatomical bases; A Statement from a Joint Expert Group from the Working Group of Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology
    • N. Saoudi, F. Cosio, A. Waldo A classification of atrial flutter and regular atrial tachycardia according to electrophysiological mechanisms and anatomical bases; a Statement from a Joint Expert Group from The Working Group of Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology Eur Heart J 22 14 2001 1162 1182
    • (2001) Eur Heart J , vol.22 , Issue.14 , pp. 1162-1182
    • Saoudi, N.1    Cosio, F.2    Waldo, A.3
  • 2
    • 13544263309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial flutter: A review of its history, mechanisms, clinical features, and current therapy
    • K.W. Lee, Y. Yang, M.M. Scheinman Atrial flutter a review of its history, mechanisms, clinical features, and current therapy Curr Probl Cardiol 30 3 2005 121 167
    • (2005) Curr Probl Cardiol , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 121-167
    • Lee, K.W.1    Yang, Y.2    Scheinman, M.M.3
  • 3
    • 0032954963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and natural course of ectopic atrial tachycardia
    • A.M. Poutiainen, M.J. Koistinen, K.E. Airaksinen Prevalence and natural course of ectopic atrial tachycardia Eur Heart J 20 9 1999 694 700
    • (1999) Eur Heart J , vol.20 , Issue.9 , pp. 694-700
    • Poutiainen, A.M.1    Koistinen, M.J.2    Airaksinen, K.E.3
  • 4
    • 0026447977 scopus 로고
    • Age at onset and gender of patients with different types of supraventricular tachycardias
    • L.M. Rodriguez, C. de Chillou, J. Schlapfer Age at onset and gender of patients with different types of supraventricular tachycardias Am J Cardiol 70 13 1992 1213 1215
    • (1992) Am J Cardiol , vol.70 , Issue.13 , pp. 1213-1215
    • Rodriguez, L.M.1    De Chillou, C.2    Schlapfer, J.3
  • 5
    • 0027715784 scopus 로고
    • Factors that predict spontaneous remission of ectopic atrial tachycardia
    • C. Klersy, M. Chimienti, E. Marangoni Factors that predict spontaneous remission of ectopic atrial tachycardia Eur Heart J 14 12 1993 1654 1656
    • (1993) Eur Heart J , vol.14 , Issue.12 , pp. 1654-1656
    • Klersy, C.1    Chimienti, M.2    Marangoni, E.3
  • 6
    • 0023784049 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of supraventricular tachycardia
    • H.J. Wellens, P. Brugada Mechanisms of supraventricular tachycardia Am J Cardiol 62 6 1988 10D 15D
    • (1988) Am J Cardiol , vol.62 , Issue.6
    • Wellens, H.J.1    Brugada, P.2
  • 7
    • 0027933835 scopus 로고
    • Atrial tachycardia. How important is the mechanism?
    • H.J. Wellens Atrial tachycardia. How important is the mechanism? Circulation 90 3 1994 1576 1577
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , Issue.3 , pp. 1576-1577
    • Wellens, H.J.1
  • 8
    • 0031970167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'True' atrial tachycardia
    • G. Steinbeck, E. Hoffmann 'True' atrial tachycardia Eur Heart J 19 Suppl E 1998 E10 E19
    • (1998) Eur Heart J , vol.19 , Issue.SUPPL. E
    • Steinbeck, G.1    Hoffmann, E.2
  • 9
    • 0031893234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal atrial tachycardia: Reanalysis of the clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics and prediction of successful radiofrequency ablation
    • S.A. Chen, C.T. Tai, C.E. Chiang Focal atrial tachycardia reanalysis of the clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics and prediction of successful radiofrequency ablation J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 9 4 1998 355 365
    • (1998) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 355-365
    • Chen, S.A.1    Tai, C.T.2    Chiang, C.E.3
  • 10
    • 0037354210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonautomatic focal atrial tachycardia: Characterization and ablation of a poorly understood arrhythmia in 38 patients
    • J.A. Kammeraad, S. Balaji, R.P. Oliver Nonautomatic focal atrial tachycardia characterization and ablation of a poorly understood arrhythmia in 38 patients Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 26 3 2003 736 742
    • (2003) Pacing Clin Electrophysiol , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 736-742
    • Kammeraad, J.A.1    Balaji, S.2    Oliver, R.P.3
  • 11
    • 0027968132 scopus 로고
    • Sustained atrial tachycardia in adult patients. Electrophysiological characteristics, pharmacological response, possible mechanisms, and effects of radiofrequency ablation
    • S.A. Chen, C.E. Chiang, C.J. Yang Sustained atrial tachycardia in adult patients. Electrophysiological characteristics, pharmacological response, possible mechanisms, and effects of radiofrequency ablation Circulation 90 3 1994 1262 1278
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , Issue.3 , pp. 1262-1278
    • Chen, S.A.1    Chiang, C.E.2    Yang, C.J.3
  • 12
    • 0027376838 scopus 로고
    • Atrial tachycardia in infants and children: Electrocardiographic classification and its significance
    • A.V. Mehta, L.L. Ewing Atrial tachycardia in infants and children electrocardiographic classification and its significance Pediatr Cardiol 14 4 1993 199 203
    • (1993) Pediatr Cardiol , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 199-203
    • Mehta, A.V.1    Ewing, L.L.2
  • 13
    • 0026693665 scopus 로고
    • Atrial automatic tachycardia in infancy and childhood
    • G. von Bernuth, W. Engelhardt, H.H. Kramer Atrial automatic tachycardia in infancy and childhood Eur Heart J 13 10 1992 1410 1415
    • (1992) Eur Heart J , vol.13 , Issue.10 , pp. 1410-1415
    • Von Bernuth, G.1    Engelhardt, W.2    Kramer, H.H.3
  • 14
    • 0023945932 scopus 로고
    • Atrial automatic tachycardia in children
    • K. Koike, P.S. Hesslein, C.D. Finlay Atrial automatic tachycardia in children Am J Cardiol 61 13 1988 1127 1130
    • (1988) Am J Cardiol , vol.61 , Issue.13 , pp. 1127-1130
    • Koike, K.1    Hesslein, P.S.2    Finlay, C.D.3
  • 15
    • 0028938574 scopus 로고
    • Natural history and management strategies of automatic atrial tachycardia in children
    • Z.J. Naheed, J.F. Strasburger, D.W. Benson Jr Natural history and management strategies of automatic atrial tachycardia in children Am J Cardiol 75 5 1995 405 407
    • (1995) Am J Cardiol , vol.75 , Issue.5 , pp. 405-407
    • Naheed, Z.J.1    Strasburger, J.F.2    Benson Jr., D.W.3
  • 16
    • 0023945459 scopus 로고
    • Ectopic automatic atrial tachycardia in children: Clinical characteristics, management and follow-up
    • A.V. Mehta, G.R. Sanchez, E.J. Sacks Ectopic automatic atrial tachycardia in children clinical characteristics, management and follow-up J Am Coll Cardiol 11 2 1988 379 385
    • (1988) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.11 , Issue.2 , pp. 379-385
    • Mehta, A.V.1    Sanchez, G.R.2    Sacks, E.J.3
  • 17
    • 0022519293 scopus 로고
    • Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy: A reversible form of left ventricular dysfunction
    • D.L. Packer, G.H. Bardy, S.J. Worley Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy a reversible form of left ventricular dysfunction Am J Cardiol 57 8 1986 563 570
    • (1986) Am J Cardiol , vol.57 , Issue.8 , pp. 563-570
    • Packer, D.L.1    Bardy, G.H.2    Worley, S.J.3
  • 18
    • 0000392511 scopus 로고
    • Chronic ectopic tachycardia of infancy and childhood
    • J.F. Keane, W.H. Plauth, A.S. Nadas Chronic ectopic tachycardia of infancy and childhood Am Heart J 84 1972 748 753
    • (1972) Am Heart J , vol.84 , pp. 748-753
    • Keane, J.F.1    Plauth, W.H.2    Nadas, A.S.3
  • 19
    • 0019155844 scopus 로고
    • Successful surgical excision of focal paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. Observations in vivo and in vitro
    • C.R. Wyndham, M.F. Arnsdorf, S. Levitsky Successful surgical excision of focal paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. Observations in vivo and in vitro Circulation 62 6 1980 1365 1372
    • (1980) Circulation , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 1365-1372
    • Wyndham, C.R.1    Arnsdorf, M.F.2    Levitsky, S.3
  • 20
    • 0028209051 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal automaticity as mechanism of atrial tachycardia in the human heart - Electrophysiologic and histologic correlation: A case report
    • J.M. De Bakker, R.N. Hauer, P.F. Bakker Abnormal automaticity as mechanism of atrial tachycardia in the human heart - electrophysiologic and histologic correlation a case report J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 5 4 1994 335 344
    • (1994) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 335-344
    • De Bakker, J.M.1    Hauer, R.N.2    Bakker, P.F.3
  • 21
    • 0020351103 scopus 로고
    • Surgical excision of automatic atrial tachycardia: Anatomic and electrophysiologic correlates
    • M.E. Josephson, J.F. Spear, A.H. Harken Surgical excision of automatic atrial tachycardia anatomic and electrophysiologic correlates Am Heart J 104 5 Pt. 1 1982 1076 1085
    • (1982) Am Heart J , vol.104 , Issue.5 PART 1 , pp. 1076-1085
    • Josephson, M.E.1    Spear, J.F.2    Harken, A.H.3
  • 22
    • 0024398767 scopus 로고
    • Surgical therapy for atrial tachycardia in adults
    • M.A. McGuire, D.C. Johnson, G.R. Nunn Surgical therapy for atrial tachycardia in adults J Am Coll Cardiol 14 7 1989 1777 1782
    • (1989) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 1777-1782
    • McGuire, M.A.1    Johnson, D.C.2    Nunn, G.R.3
  • 23
    • 0025217179 scopus 로고
    • Surgical treatment of automatic atrial tachycardias
    • P.J. Hendry, D.L. Packer, M.P. Anstadt Surgical treatment of automatic atrial tachycardias Ann Thorac Surg 49 2 1990 253 259
    • (1990) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 253-259
    • Hendry, P.J.1    Packer, D.L.2    Anstadt, M.P.3
  • 24
    • 0026730749 scopus 로고
    • Transcatheter ablation of ectopic atrial tachycardia in young patients using radiofrequency current
    • E.P. Walsh, J.P. Saul, J.E. Hulse Transcatheter ablation of ectopic atrial tachycardia in young patients using radiofrequency current Circulation 86 4 1992 1138 1146
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.86 , Issue.4 , pp. 1138-1146
    • Walsh, E.P.1    Saul, J.P.2    Hulse, J.E.3
  • 25
    • 0028335795 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism-specific effects of adenosine on atrial tachycardia
    • E.D. Engelstein, N. Lippman, K.M. Stein Mechanism-specific effects of adenosine on atrial tachycardia Circulation 89 6 1994 2645 2654
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.89 , Issue.6 , pp. 2645-2654
    • Engelstein, E.D.1    Lippman, N.2    Stein, K.M.3
  • 27
    • 0025305891 scopus 로고
    • Sustained intraatrial reentrant tachycardia: Clinical, electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic characteristics and long-term follow-up
    • D.E. Haines, J.P. DiMarco Sustained intraatrial reentrant tachycardia clinical, electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic characteristics and long-term follow-up J Am Coll Cardiol 15 6 1990 1345 1354
    • (1990) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 1345-1354
    • Haines, D.E.1    Dimarco, J.P.2
  • 28
    • 0025819251 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac electrophysiology of adenosine. Basic and clinical concepts
    • B.B. Lerman, L. Belardinelli Cardiac electrophysiology of adenosine. Basic and clinical concepts Circulation 83 5 1991 1499 1509
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.83 , Issue.5 , pp. 1499-1509
    • Lerman, B.B.1    Belardinelli, L.2
  • 29
    • 0032939234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of adenosine on focal and macroreentrant atrial tachycardia
    • S.M. Markowitz, K.M. Stein, S. Mittal Differential effects of adenosine on focal and macroreentrant atrial tachycardia J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 10 4 1999 489 502
    • (1999) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 489-502
    • Markowitz, S.M.1    Stein, K.M.2    Mittal, S.3
  • 30
    • 0037180526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to adenosine differentiates focal from macroreentrant atrial tachycardia: Validation using three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping
    • S. Iwai, S.M. Markowitz, K.M. Stein Response to adenosine differentiates focal from macroreentrant atrial tachycardia validation using three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping Circulation 106 22 2002 2793 2799
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , Issue.22 , pp. 2793-2799
    • Iwai, S.1    Markowitz, S.M.2    Stein, K.M.3
  • 31
    • 0347357878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal atrial tachycardia: New insight from noncontact mapping and catheter ablation
    • S. Higa, C.T. Tai, Y.J. Lin Focal atrial tachycardia new insight from noncontact mapping and catheter ablation Circulation 109 1 2004 84 91
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , Issue.1 , pp. 84-91
    • Higa, S.1    Tai, C.T.2    Lin, Y.J.3
  • 32
    • 19944381842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of adenosine-induced termination of focal atrial tachycardia
    • S. Higa, C.T. Tai, Y.J. Lin Mechanism of adenosine-induced termination of focal atrial tachycardia J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 15 12 2004 1387 1393
    • (2004) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.15 , Issue.12 , pp. 1387-1393
    • Higa, S.1    Tai, C.T.2    Lin, Y.J.3
  • 33
    • 0016277795 scopus 로고
    • Specialized internodal atrial pathways: Fact or fiction?
    • M.J. Janse, R.H. Anderson Specialized internodal atrial pathways fact or fiction? Eur J Cardiol 2 1974 117 136
    • (1974) Eur J Cardiol , vol.2 , pp. 117-136
    • Janse, M.J.1    Anderson, R.H.2
  • 34
    • 0028284599 scopus 로고
    • Tissue-specific determinants of anisotropic conduction velocity in canine atrial and ventricular myocardium
    • J.E. Saffitz, H.L. Kanter, K.G. Green Tissue-specific determinants of anisotropic conduction velocity in canine atrial and ventricular myocardium Circ Res 74 6 1994 1065 1070
    • (1994) Circ Res , vol.74 , Issue.6 , pp. 1065-1070
    • Saffitz, J.E.1    Kanter, H.L.2    Green, K.G.3
  • 35
    • 0141839060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical remodeling of the atria in congestive heart failure: Electrophysiological and electroanatomic mapping in humans
    • P. Sanders, J.B. Morton, N.C. Davidson Electrical remodeling of the atria in congestive heart failure electrophysiological and electroanatomic mapping in humans Circulation 108 12 2003 1461 1468
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , Issue.12 , pp. 1461-1468
    • Sanders, P.1    Morton, J.B.2    Davidson, N.C.3
  • 36
    • 1842538578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological and electroanatomic characterization of the atria in sinus node disease: Evidence of diffuse atrial remodeling
    • P. Sanders, J.B. Morton, P.M. Kistler Electrophysiological and electroanatomic characterization of the atria in sinus node disease evidence of diffuse atrial remodeling Circulation 109 12 2004 1514 1522
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , Issue.12 , pp. 1514-1522
    • Sanders, P.1    Morton, J.B.2    Kistler, P.M.3
  • 37
    • 0031967732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cristal tachycardias: Origin of right atrial tachycardias from the crista terminalis identified by intracardiac echocardiography
    • J.M. Kalman, J.E. Olgin, M.R. Karch Cristal tachycardias origin of right atrial tachycardias from the crista terminalis identified by intracardiac echocardiography J Am Coll Cardiol 31 2 1998 451 459
    • (1998) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 451-459
    • Kalman, J.M.1    Olgin, J.E.2    Karch, M.R.3
  • 38
    • 0028280525 scopus 로고
    • Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias. Results and mechanisms
    • M.D. Lesh, G.F. Van Hare, L.M. Epstein Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial arrhythmias. Results and mechanisms Circulation 89 3 1994 1074 1089
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 1074-1089
    • Lesh, M.D.1    Van Hare, G.F.2    Epstein, L.M.3
  • 39
    • 0037986361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of sustained atrial tachycardia in dogs with rapid ventricular pacing-induced heart failure
    • B.S. Stambler, G. Fenelon, R.K. Shepard Characterization of sustained atrial tachycardia in dogs with rapid ventricular pacing-induced heart failure J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 14 5 2003 499 507
    • (2003) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 499-507
    • Stambler, B.S.1    Fenelon, G.2    Shepard, R.K.3
  • 40
    • 0025180953 scopus 로고
    • Invasive electrophysiologic evaluation of patients with supraventricular tachycardia
    • J. Leitch, G.J. Klein, R. Yee Invasive electrophysiologic evaluation of patients with supraventricular tachycardia Cardiol Clin 8 3 1990 465 477
    • (1990) Cardiol Clin , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 465-477
    • Leitch, J.1    Klein, G.J.2    Yee, R.3
  • 41
    • 0025074540 scopus 로고
    • Differential diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia
    • M.E. Josephson, H.J. Wellens Differential diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia Cardiol Clin 8 3 1990 411 442
    • (1990) Cardiol Clin , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 411-442
    • Josephson, M.E.1    Wellens, H.J.2
  • 42
    • 0027294877 scopus 로고
    • The response of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia to overdrive atrial and ventricular pacing: Can it help determine the tachycardia mechanism?
    • A.H. Kadish, F. Morady The response of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia to overdrive atrial and ventricular pacing can it help determine the tachycardia mechanism? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 4 3 1993 239 252
    • (1993) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 239-252
    • Kadish, A.H.1    Morady, F.2
  • 43
    • 0018571606 scopus 로고
    • Ventriculoatrial intervals: Diagnostic use in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
    • D.G. Benditt, E.L. Pritchett, W.M. Smith Ventriculoatrial intervals diagnostic use in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia Ann Intern Med 91 2 1979 161 166
    • (1979) Ann Intern Med , vol.91 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-166
    • Benditt, D.G.1    Pritchett, E.L.2    Smith, W.M.3
  • 44
    • 0021744554 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of concealed accessory pathways in supraventricular tachycardia
    • D.L. Ross, J.B. Uther Diagnosis of concealed accessory pathways in supraventricular tachycardia Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 7 6 Pt. 1 1984 1069 1085
    • (1984) Pacing Clin Electrophysiol , vol.7 , Issue.6 PART 1 , pp. 1069-1085
    • Ross, D.L.1    Uther, J.B.2
  • 45
    • 9544220772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Para-Hisian pacing. a new method for differentiating retrograde conduction over an accessory AV pathway from conduction over the AV node
    • K. Hirao, K. Otomo, X. Wang Para-Hisian pacing. A new method for differentiating retrograde conduction over an accessory AV pathway from conduction over the AV node Circulation 94 5 1996 1027 1035
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , Issue.5 , pp. 1027-1035
    • Hirao, K.1    Otomo, K.2    Wang, X.3
  • 46
    • 0019940865 scopus 로고
    • Changes in ventriculoatrial intervals with bundle branch block aberration during reciprocating tachycardia in patients with accessory atrioventricular pathways
    • C.R. Kerr, J.J. Gallagher, L.D. German Changes in ventriculoatrial intervals with bundle branch block aberration during reciprocating tachycardia in patients with accessory atrioventricular pathways Circulation 66 1 1982 196 201
    • (1982) Circulation , vol.66 , Issue.1 , pp. 196-201
    • Kerr, C.R.1    Gallagher, J.J.2    German, L.D.3
  • 47
    • 0033101669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A technique for the rapid diagnosis of atrial tachycardia in the electrophysiology laboratory
    • B.P. Knight, A. Zivin, J. Souza A technique for the rapid diagnosis of atrial tachycardia in the electrophysiology laboratory J Am Coll Cardiol 33 3 1999 775 781
    • (1999) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 775-781
    • Knight, B.P.1    Zivin, A.2    Souza, J.3
  • 48
    • 0002481799 scopus 로고
    • Supraventricular tachycardia
    • M. Josephson Malvern, Lea & Febiger Philadelphia, PA
    • M. Josephson Supraventricular tachycardia M. Josephson Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology 1993 Malvern, Lea & Febiger Philadelphia, PA 181 274
    • (1993) Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology , pp. 181-274
    • Josephson, M.1
  • 49
    • 0000699266 scopus 로고
    • Three forms of atrioventricular nodal (junctional) reentrant tachycardia: Differential diagnosis, electrophysiological characteristics, and implications for anatomy of the reentrant circuit
    • D.P. Zipes J. Jalife Saunders Philadelphia, PA
    • W.M. Jackman, H. Nakagawa, H. Heidbuchel Three forms of atrioventricular nodal (junctional) reentrant tachycardia differential diagnosis, electrophysiological characteristics, and implications for anatomy of the reentrant circuit D.P. Zipes J. Jalife Cardiac Electrophysiology From Cell to Bedside 1995 Saunders Philadelphia, PA 620 637
    • (1995) Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside , pp. 620-637
    • Jackman, W.M.1    Nakagawa, H.2    Heidbuchel, H.3
  • 50
    • 0033890233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic value of tachycardia features and pacing maneuvers during paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
    • B.P. Knight, M. Ebinger, H. Oral Diagnostic value of tachycardia features and pacing maneuvers during paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia J Am Coll Cardiol 36 2 2000 574 582
    • (2000) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 574-582
    • Knight, B.P.1    Ebinger, M.2    Oral, H.3
  • 51
    • 0023917211 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of a widely distributed atrial pacemaker complex in the human heart
    • J.P. Boineau, T.E. Canavan, R.B. Schuessler Demonstration of a widely distributed atrial pacemaker complex in the human heart Circulation 77 6 1988 1221 1237
    • (1988) Circulation , vol.77 , Issue.6 , pp. 1221-1237
    • Boineau, J.P.1    Canavan, T.E.2    Schuessler, R.B.3
  • 52
    • 0029925724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To fumble flutter or tackle "tach"? Toward updated classifiers for atrial tachyarrhythmias
    • M.D. Lesh, J.M. Kalman To fumble flutter or tackle "tach"? Toward updated classifiers for atrial tachyarrhythmias J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 7 5 1996 460 466
    • (1996) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 460-466
    • Lesh, M.D.1    Kalman, J.M.2
  • 53
    • 18144363623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal atrial tachycardia from the ostium of the coronary sinus: Electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characterisation and radiofrequency ablation
    • (in press).
    • Kistler PM, Fynn SP, Haqqani, H, et al. Focal atrial tachycardia from the ostium of the coronary sinus: electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characterisation and radiofrequency ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol (in press).
    • J Am Coll Cardiol
    • Kistler, P.M.1    Fynn, S.P.2    Haqqani, H.3
  • 54
    • 0034651803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anatomic basis of connections between the coronary sinus musculature and the left atrium in humans
    • M. Chauvin, D.C. Shah, M. Haissaguerre The anatomic basis of connections between the coronary sinus musculature and the left atrium in humans Circulation 101 6 2000 647 652
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.101 , Issue.6 , pp. 647-652
    • Chauvin, M.1    Shah, D.C.2    Haissaguerre, M.3
  • 55
    • 0036228286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological features of atrial tachycardia arising from the atrioventricular annulus
    • K. Matsuoka, A. Kasai, E. Fujii Electrophysiological features of atrial tachycardia arising from the atrioventricular annulus Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 25 4 Pt. 1 2002 440 445
    • (2002) Pacing Clin Electrophysiol , vol.25 , Issue.4 PART 1 , pp. 440-445
    • Matsuoka, K.1    Kasai, A.2    Fujii, E.3
  • 56
    • 8544231379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adenosine-sensitive atrial reentrant tachycardia originating from the atrioventricular nodal transitional area
    • Y. Iesaka, A. Takahashi, M. Goya Adenosine-sensitive atrial reentrant tachycardia originating from the atrioventricular nodal transitional area J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 8 8 1997 854 864
    • (1997) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.8 , Issue.8 , pp. 854-864
    • Iesaka, Y.1    Takahashi, A.2    Goya, M.3
  • 57
    • 0034891598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ablation of atrial tachycardia originating from the vicinity of the atrioventricular node: Significance of mapping both sides of the interatrial septum
    • B. Frey, G. Kreiner, M. Gwechenberger Ablation of atrial tachycardia originating from the vicinity of the atrioventricular node significance of mapping both sides of the interatrial septum J Am Coll Cardiol 38 2 2001 394 400
    • (2001) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 394-400
    • Frey, B.1    Kreiner, G.2    Gwechenberger, M.3
  • 58
    • 0033948571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrial tachycardias originating from the atrial septum: Electrophysiologic characteristics and radiofrequency ablation
    • C.C. Chen, C.T. Tai, C.E. Chiang Atrial tachycardias originating from the atrial septum electrophysiologic characteristics and radiofrequency ablation J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 11 7 2000 744 749
    • (2000) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.11 , Issue.7 , pp. 744-749
    • Chen, C.C.1    Tai, C.T.2    Chiang, C.E.3
  • 59
    • 0037130747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics of left septal atrial tachycardia
    • N.F. Marrouche, A. Sippensgroenewegen, Y. Yang Clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics of left septal atrial tachycardia J Am Coll Cardiol 40 6 2002 1133 1139
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.40 , Issue.6 , pp. 1133-1139
    • Marrouche, N.F.1    Sippensgroenewegen, A.2    Yang, Y.3
  • 60
    • 0031913937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical, electrophysiological characteristics, and radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia near the apex of Koch's triangle
    • L.P. Lai, J.L. Lin, T.F. Chen Clinical, electrophysiological characteristics, and radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia near the apex of Koch's triangle Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 21 2 1998 367 374
    • (1998) Pacing Clin Electrophysiol , vol.21 , Issue.2 , pp. 367-374
    • Lai, L.P.1    Lin, J.L.2    Chen, T.F.3
  • 61
    • 0034986865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal atrial tachycardia arising from the tricuspid annulus: Electrophysiologic and electrocardiographic characteristics
    • J.B. Morton, P. Sanders, A. Das Focal atrial tachycardia arising from the tricuspid annulus electrophysiologic and electrocardiographic characteristics J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 12 6 2001 653 659
    • (2001) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 653-659
    • Morton, J.B.1    Sanders, P.2    Das, A.3
  • 62
    • 0029791439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrioventricular junctional tissue. Discrepancy between histological and electrophysiological characteristics
    • M.A. McGuire, J.M. De Bakker, J.T. Vermeulen Atrioventricular junctional tissue. Discrepancy between histological and electrophysiological characteristics Circulation 94 3 1996 571 577
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , Issue.3 , pp. 571-577
    • McGuire, M.A.1    De Bakker, J.M.2    Vermeulen, J.T.3
  • 63
    • 0028205251 scopus 로고
    • Origin and significance of double potentials near the atrioventricular node. Correlation of extracellular potentials, intracellular potentials, and histology
    • M.A. McGuire, J.M. De Bakker, J.T. Vermeulen Origin and significance of double potentials near the atrioventricular node. Correlation of extracellular potentials, intracellular potentials, and histology Circulation 89 5 1994 2351 2360
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.89 , Issue.5 , pp. 2351-2360
    • McGuire, M.A.1    De Bakker, J.M.2    Vermeulen, J.T.3
  • 64
    • 0032480265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins
    • M. Haissaguerre, P. Jais, D.C. Shah Spontaneous initiation of atrial fibrillation by ectopic beats originating in the pulmonary veins N Engl J Med 339 10 1998 659 666
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , Issue.10 , pp. 659-666
    • Haissaguerre, M.1    Jais, P.2    Shah, D.C.3
  • 65
    • 0142055948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological and electrocardiographic characteristics of focal atrial tachycardia originating from the pulmonary veins: Acute and long-term outcomes of radiofrequency ablation
    • P.M. Kistler, P. Sanders, S.P. Fynn Electrophysiological and electrocardiographic characteristics of focal atrial tachycardia originating from the pulmonary veins acute and long-term outcomes of radiofrequency ablation Circulation 108 16 2003 1968 1975
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , Issue.16 , pp. 1968-1975
    • Kistler, P.M.1    Sanders, P.2    Fynn, S.P.3
  • 66
    • 14644403079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topographic distribution of focal left atrial tachycardias defined by electrocardiographic and electrophysiological data
    • H. Hachiya, S. Ernst, F. Ouyang Topographic distribution of focal left atrial tachycardias defined by electrocardiographic and electrophysiological data Circ J 69 2 2005 205 210
    • (2005) Circ J , vol.69 , Issue.2 , pp. 205-210
    • Hachiya, H.1    Ernst, S.2    Ouyang, F.3
  • 67
    • 20844462877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left atrial tachycardia originating from the mitral annulus-aorta junction
    • M.D. Gonzalez, L.J. Contreras, M.R. Jongbloed Left atrial tachycardia originating from the mitral annulus-aorta junction Circulation 110 20 2004 3187 3192
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.110 , Issue.20 , pp. 3187-3192
    • Gonzalez, M.D.1    Contreras, L.J.2    Jongbloed, M.R.3
  • 68
    • 0037633249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal atrial tachycardia arising from the mitral annulus: Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic characterization
    • P.M. Kistler, P. Sanders, A. Hussin Focal atrial tachycardia arising from the mitral annulus electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic characterization J Am Coll Cardiol 41 12 2003 2212 2219
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.41 , Issue.12 , pp. 2212-2219
    • Kistler, P.M.1    Sanders, P.2    Hussin, A.3
  • 69
    • 0018400239 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructure and transmembrane potentials of cardiac muscle in the human anterior mitral valve leaflet
    • A.L. Wit, J.J. Fenoglio Jr, A.J. Hordof Ultrastructure and transmembrane potentials of cardiac muscle in the human anterior mitral valve leaflet Circulation 59 6 1979 1284 1292
    • (1979) Circulation , vol.59 , Issue.6 , pp. 1284-1292
    • Wit, A.L.1    Fenoglio Jr., J.J.2    Hordof, A.J.3
  • 70
    • 0015852088 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological properties of cardiac muscle in the anterior mitral valve leaflet and the adjacent atrium in the dog. Possible implications for the genesis of atrial dysrhythmias
    • A.L. Wit, J.J. Fenoglio Jr, B.M. Wagner Electrophysiological properties of cardiac muscle in the anterior mitral valve leaflet and the adjacent atrium in the dog. Possible implications for the genesis of atrial dysrhythmias Circ Res 32 6 1973 731 745
    • (1973) Circ Res , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 731-745
    • Wit, A.L.1    Fenoglio Jr., J.J.2    Wagner, B.M.3
  • 71
    • 0035991595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ectopic tachycardia originating from the superior vena cava
    • J. Dong, J. Schreieck, G. Ndrepepa Ectopic tachycardia originating from the superior vena cava J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 13 6 2002 620 624
    • (2002) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 620-624
    • Dong, J.1    Schreieck, J.2    Ndrepepa, G.3
  • 72
    • 0034771027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Iterative atrial tachycardia originating from the coronary sinus musculature
    • M. Tritto, M. Zardini, R. De Ponti Iterative atrial tachycardia originating from the coronary sinus musculature J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 12 10 2001 1187 1189
    • (2001) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.12 , Issue.10 , pp. 1187-1189
    • Tritto, M.1    Zardini, M.2    De Ponti, R.3
  • 73
    • 0036152449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focal atrial tachycardia originating from the musculature of the coronary sinus
    • M. Volkmer, M. Antz, J. Hebe Focal atrial tachycardia originating from the musculature of the coronary sinus J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 13 1 2002 68 71
    • (2002) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 68-71
    • Volkmer, M.1    Antz, M.2    Hebe, J.3
  • 74
    • 9544245819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial resolution of atrial pace mapping as determined by unipolar atrial pacing at adjacent sites
    • K.C. Man, K.K. Chan, P. Kovack Spatial resolution of atrial pace mapping as determined by unipolar atrial pacing at adjacent sites Circulation 94 6 1996 1357 1363
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.94 , Issue.6 , pp. 1357-1363
    • Man, K.C.1    Chan, K.K.2    Kovack, P.3
  • 75
    • 24944507577 scopus 로고
    • Normal sinus rhythm
    • L. Schamroth Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford
    • L. Schamroth Normal sinus rhythm L. Schamroth The Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm 1980 Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford
    • (1980) The Disorders of Cardiac Rhythm
    • Schamroth, L.1
  • 76
    • 0028826016 scopus 로고
    • Use of P wave configuration during atrial tachycardia to predict site of origin
    • C.W. Tang, M.M. Scheinman, G.F. Van Hare Use of P wave configuration during atrial tachycardia to predict site of origin J Am Coll Cardiol 26 5 1995 1315 1324
    • (1995) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.26 , Issue.5 , pp. 1315-1324
    • Tang, C.W.1    Scheinman, M.M.2    Van Hare, G.F.3
  • 77
    • 3242706578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiologic characteristics of atrial tachycardia originating from the right pulmonary veins or posterior right atrium: Double potentials obtained from the posterior wall of the right atrium can be useful to predict foci of atrial tachycardia in right pulmonary veins or posterior right atrium
    • T. Yamada, Y. Murakami, M. Muto Electrophysiologic characteristics of atrial tachycardia originating from the right pulmonary veins or posterior right atrium double potentials obtained from the posterior wall of the right atrium can be useful to predict foci of atrial tachycardia in right pulmonary veins or posterior right atrium J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 15 7 2004 745 751
    • (2004) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.15 , Issue.7 , pp. 745-751
    • Yamada, T.1    Murakami, Y.2    Muto, M.3
  • 78
    • 0031784302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple electrocardiographic criteria for identifying the site of origin of focal right atrial tachycardia
    • H. Tada, A. Nogami, S. Naito Simple electrocardiographic criteria for identifying the site of origin of focal right atrial tachycardia Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 21 11 Pt. 2 1998 2431 2439
    • (1998) Pacing Clin Electrophysiol , vol.21 , Issue.11 PART 2 , pp. 2431-2439
    • Tada, H.1    Nogami, A.2    Naito, S.3
  • 79
    • 0030588979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conduction block in the inferior vena caval-tricuspid valve isthmus: Association with outcome of radiofrequency ablation of type I atrial flutter
    • D. Schwartzman, D.J. Callans, C.D. Gottlieb Conduction block in the inferior vena caval-tricuspid valve isthmus association with outcome of radiofrequency ablation of type I atrial flutter J Am Coll Cardiol 28 6 1996 1519 1531
    • (1996) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 1519-1531
    • Schwartzman, D.1    Callans, D.J.2    Gottlieb, C.D.3
  • 80
    • 0035500066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological characteristics of P waves during selective pulmonary vein pacing
    • T. Yamane, D.C. Shah, J.T. Peng Morphological characteristics of P waves during selective pulmonary vein pacing J Am Coll Cardiol 38 5 2001 1505 1510
    • (2001) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.38 , Issue.5 , pp. 1505-1510
    • Yamane, T.1    Shah, D.C.2    Peng, J.T.3
  • 82
    • 0028855903 scopus 로고
    • Radiofrequency catheter modification of the sinus node for "inappropriate" sinus tachycardia
    • R.J. Lee, J.M. Kalman, A.P. Fitzpatrick Radiofrequency catheter modification of the sinus node for "inappropriate" sinus tachycardia Circulation 92 10 1995 2919 2928
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , Issue.10 , pp. 2919-2928
    • Lee, R.J.1    Kalman, J.M.2    Fitzpatrick, A.P.3
  • 83
    • 0029561604 scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate sinus tachycardia: Evaluation and therapy
    • A.D. Krahn, R. Yee, G.J. Klein Inappropriate sinus tachycardia evaluation and therapy J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 6 12 1995 1124 1128
    • (1995) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.6 , Issue.12 , pp. 1124-1128
    • Krahn, A.D.1    Yee, R.2    Klein, G.J.3
  • 84
    • 0028068536 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of 'inappropriate' sinus tachycardia. Role of sympathovagal balance
    • C.A. Morillo, G.J. Klein, R.K. Thakur Mechanism of 'inappropriate' sinus tachycardia. Role of sympathovagal balance Circulation 90 2 1994 873 877
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , Issue.2 , pp. 873-877
    • Morillo, C.A.1    Klein, G.J.2    Thakur, R.K.3
  • 85
    • 0034093211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiofrequency catheter ablation of inappropriate sinus tachycardia guided by activation mapping
    • K.C. Man, B. Knight, H.F. Tse Radiofrequency catheter ablation of inappropriate sinus tachycardia guided by activation mapping J Am Coll Cardiol 35 2 2000 451 457
    • (2000) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 451-457
    • Man, K.C.1    Knight, B.2    Tse, H.F.3
  • 86
    • 18344388645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional nonfluoroscopic mapping and ablation of inappropriate sinus tachycardia. Procedural strategies and long-term outcome
    • N.F. Marrouche, S. Beheiry, G. Tomassoni Three-dimensional nonfluoroscopic mapping and ablation of inappropriate sinus tachycardia. Procedural strategies and long-term outcome J Am Coll Cardiol 39 6 2002 1046 1054
    • (2002) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 1046-1054
    • Marrouche, N.F.1    Beheiry, S.2    Tomassoni, G.3
  • 87
    • 0031880883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias involving the sinus node: Clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics
    • S.F. Cossu, J.S. Steinberg Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias involving the sinus node clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics Prog Cardiovasc Dis 41 1 1998 51 63
    • (1998) Prog Cardiovasc Dis , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-63
    • Cossu, S.F.1    Steinberg, J.S.2
  • 88
    • 1542324791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias-executive summary. a report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines and the European society of cardiology committee for practice guidelines
    • (writing committee to develop guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias) developed in collaboration with NASPE-Heart Rhythm Society
    • C. Blomstrom-Lundqvist, M.M. Scheinman, E.M. Aliot ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias-executive summary. a report of the American college of cardiology/American heart association task force on practice guidelines and the European society of cardiology committee for practice guidelines (writing committee to develop guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias) developed in collaboration with NASPE-Heart Rhythm Society J Am Coll Cardiol 42 8 2003 1493 1531
    • (2003) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.42 , Issue.8 , pp. 1493-1531
    • Blomstrom-Lundqvist, C.1    Scheinman, M.M.2    Aliot, E.M.3
  • 89
    • 0018667968 scopus 로고
    • Chronic nonparoxysmal sinus tachycardia in otherwise healthy persons
    • R.A. Bauernfeind, Y.L. Amat, R.C. Dhingra Chronic nonparoxysmal sinus tachycardia in otherwise healthy persons Ann Intern Med 91 5 1979 702 710
    • (1979) Ann Intern Med , vol.91 , Issue.5 , pp. 702-710
    • Bauernfeind, R.A.1    Amat, Y.L.2    Dhingra, R.C.3
  • 90
    • 0035091394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is sinus node modification appropriate for inappropriate sinus tachycardia with features of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome?
    • W.K. Shen, P.A. Low, A. Jahangir Is sinus node modification appropriate for inappropriate sinus tachycardia with features of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 24 2 2001 217 230
    • (2001) Pacing Clin Electrophysiol , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 217-230
    • Shen, W.K.1    Low, P.A.2    Jahangir, A.3
  • 91
    • 11144356194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term heart rate reduction induced by the selective I(f) current inhibitor ivabradine improves left ventricular function and intrinsic myocardial structure in congestive heart failure
    • P. Mulder, S. Barbier, A. Chagraoui Long-term heart rate reduction induced by the selective I(f) current inhibitor ivabradine improves left ventricular function and intrinsic myocardial structure in congestive heart failure Circulation 109 13 2004 1674 1679
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , Issue.13 , pp. 1674-1679
    • Mulder, P.1    Barbier, S.2    Chagraoui, A.3
  • 92
    • 0014417860 scopus 로고
    • Multifocal atrial tachycardia. Clinical and electrocardiographic features in 32 patients
    • K.I. Shine, J.A. Kastor, P.M. Yurchak Multifocal atrial tachycardia. Clinical and electrocardiographic features in 32 patients N Engl J Med 279 7 1968 344 349
    • (1968) N Engl J Med , vol.279 , Issue.7 , pp. 344-349
    • Shine, K.I.1    Kastor, J.A.2    Yurchak, P.M.3
  • 93
    • 0025296752 scopus 로고
    • Multifocal atrial tachycardia
    • J.A. Kastor Multifocal atrial tachycardia N Engl J Med 322 24 1990 1713 1717
    • (1990) N Engl J Med , vol.322 , Issue.24 , pp. 1713-1717
    • Kastor, J.A.1
  • 94
    • 0015098317 scopus 로고
    • Appraisal of multifocal atrial tachycardia
    • E.K. Chung Appraisal of multifocal atrial tachycardia Br Heart J 33 4 1971 500 504
    • (1971) Br Heart J , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 500-504
    • Chung, E.K.1
  • 95
    • 0024426407 scopus 로고
    • Multifocal atrial tachycardia: Mechanisms, clinical correlates, and treatment
    • D.L. Scher, E.L. Arsura Multifocal atrial tachycardia mechanisms, clinical correlates, and treatment Am Heart J 118 3 1989 574 580
    • (1989) Am Heart J , vol.118 , Issue.3 , pp. 574-580
    • Scher, D.L.1    Arsura, E.L.2
  • 96
    • 0021926713 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia with verapamil
    • J.H. Levine, J.R. Michael, T. Guarnieri Treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia with verapamil N Engl J Med 312 1 1985 21 25
    • (1985) N Engl J Med , vol.312 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-25
    • Levine, J.H.1    Michael, J.R.2    Guarnieri, T.3
  • 97
    • 0023733185 scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of verapamil and metoprolol in treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia
    • E. Arsura, A.S. Lefkin, D.L. Scher A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of verapamil and metoprolol in treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia Am J Med 85 4 1988 519 524
    • (1988) Am J Med , vol.85 , Issue.4 , pp. 519-524
    • Arsura, E.1    Lefkin, A.S.2    Scher, D.L.3
  • 98
    • 0031963936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of intravenous magnesium for multifocal atrial tachycardia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • J.K. McCord, S. Borzak, T. Davis Usefulness of intravenous magnesium for multifocal atrial tachycardia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Am J Cardiol 81 1 1998 91 93
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol , vol.81 , Issue.1 , pp. 91-93
    • McCord, J.K.1    Borzak, S.2    Davis, T.3
  • 99
    • 0023610544 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous verapamil for treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia with and without calcium pretreatment
    • D.M. Salerno, B. Anderson, P.J. Sharkey Intravenous verapamil for treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia with and without calcium pretreatment Ann Intern Med 107 5 1987 623 628
    • (1987) Ann Intern Med , vol.107 , Issue.5 , pp. 623-628
    • Salerno, D.M.1    Anderson, B.2    Sharkey, P.J.3
  • 100
    • 0029036095 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of atrial ectopic tachycardia in infants < 6 months old
    • U. Bauersfeld, R.M. Gow, R.M. Hamilton Treatment of atrial ectopic tachycardia in infants < 6 months old Am Heart J 129 6 1995 1145 1148
    • (1995) Am Heart J , vol.129 , Issue.6 , pp. 1145-1148
    • Bauersfeld, U.1    Gow, R.M.2    Hamilton, R.M.3
  • 101
    • 0021797408 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of atrial automatic tachycardia by ablation procedures
    • P.C. Gillette, D.G. Wampler, A. Garson Jr Treatment of atrial automatic tachycardia by ablation procedures J Am Coll Cardiol 6 2 1985 405 409
    • (1985) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 405-409
    • Gillette, P.C.1    Wampler, D.G.2    Garson Jr., A.3
  • 102
    • 0022601286 scopus 로고
    • Effect of encainide and flecainide on chronic ectopic atrial tachycardia
    • K.P. Kunze, K.H. Kuck, M. Schluter Effect of encainide and flecainide on chronic ectopic atrial tachycardia J Am Coll Cardiol 7 5 1986 1121 1126
    • (1986) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 1121-1126
    • Kunze, K.P.1    Kuck, K.H.2    Schluter, M.3
  • 103
    • 0024244748 scopus 로고
    • Encainide versus flecainide for chronic atrial and junctional ectopic tachycardia
    • K.H. Kuck, K.P. Kunze, M. Schluter Encainide versus flecainide for chronic atrial and junctional ectopic tachycardia Am J Cardiol 62 19 1988 37L 44L
    • (1988) Am J Cardiol , vol.62 , Issue.19
    • Kuck, K.H.1    Kunze, K.P.2    Schluter, M.3
  • 104
    • 0024259792 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of ectopic atrial arrhythmias and premature atrial complexes in adults with encainide
    • P.E. Pool, B.D. Quart Treatment of ectopic atrial arrhythmias and premature atrial complexes in adults with encainide Am J Cardiol 62 19 1988 60L 62L
    • (1988) Am J Cardiol , vol.62 , Issue.19
    • Pool, P.E.1    Quart, B.D.2
  • 105
    • 0017752020 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiologic and pharmacologic characteristics of automatic ectopic atrial tachycardia
    • P.C. Gillette, A. Garson Jr Electrophysiologic and pharmacologic characteristics of automatic ectopic atrial tachycardia Circulation 56 4 Pt. 1 1977 571 575
    • (1977) Circulation , vol.56 , Issue.4 PART 1 , pp. 571-575
    • Gillette, P.C.1    Garson Jr., A.2
  • 106
    • 0027223520 scopus 로고
    • Long-term effectiveness of surgical treatment of ectopic atrial tachycardia
    • N.A. Prager, J.L. Cox, B.D. Lindsay Long-term effectiveness of surgical treatment of ectopic atrial tachycardia J Am Coll Cardiol 22 1 1993 85 92
    • (1993) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 85-92
    • Prager, N.A.1    Cox, J.L.2    Lindsay, B.D.3
  • 107
    • 0023250810 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of flecainide acetate for atrial tachycardia or fibrillation
    • E. Berns, R.L. Rinkenberger, M.K. Jeang Efficacy and safety of flecainide acetate for atrial tachycardia or fibrillation Am J Cardiol 59 15 1987 1337 1341
    • (1987) Am J Cardiol , vol.59 , Issue.15 , pp. 1337-1341
    • Berns, E.1    Rinkenberger, R.L.2    Jeang, M.K.3
  • 108
    • 0023390836 scopus 로고
    • [Anti-arrhythmia efficacy of propafenone in children. Apropos of 30 cases]
    • V. Lucet, N.D. Do, J. Fidelle [Anti-arrhythmia efficacy of propafenone in children. Apropos of 30 cases] Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 80 9 1987 1385 1393
    • (1987) Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss , vol.80 , Issue.9 , pp. 1385-1393
    • Lucet, V.1    Do, N.D.2    Fidelle, J.3
  • 109
    • 0026599422 scopus 로고
    • Oral sotalol in pediatric atrial ectopic tachycardia
    • V. Colloridi, C. Perri, F. Ventriglia Oral sotalol in pediatric atrial ectopic tachycardia Am Heart J 123 1 1992 254 256
    • (1992) Am Heart J , vol.123 , Issue.1 , pp. 254-256
    • Colloridi, V.1    Perri, C.2    Ventriglia, F.3
  • 110
    • 0025261727 scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of amiodarone therapy in the young: Continued efficacy, unimpaired growth, moderate side effects
    • P. Guccione, T. Paul, A. Garson Jr Long-term follow-up of amiodarone therapy in the young continued efficacy, unimpaired growth, moderate side effects J Am Coll Cardiol 15 5 1990 1118 1124
    • (1990) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 1118-1124
    • Guccione, P.1    Paul, T.2    Garson Jr., A.3
  • 111
    • 0019155571 scopus 로고
    • Amiodarone in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in children: One hundred thirty-five cases
    • P. Coumel, J. Fidelle Amiodarone in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias in children one hundred thirty-five cases Am Heart J 100 6 Pt. 2 1980 1063 1069
    • (1980) Am Heart J , vol.100 , Issue.6 PART 2 , pp. 1063-1069
    • Coumel, P.1    Fidelle, J.2
  • 112
    • 0027408472 scopus 로고
    • Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ectopic atrial tachycardia using paced activation sequence mapping
    • C.M. Tracy, J.F. Swartz, R.D. Fletcher Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ectopic atrial tachycardia using paced activation sequence mapping J Am Coll Cardiol 21 4 1993 910 917
    • (1993) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 910-917
    • Tracy, C.M.1    Swartz, J.F.2    Fletcher, R.D.3
  • 113
    • 0036199588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary vein paced activation sequence mapping: Comparison with activation sequences during onset of focal atrial fibrillation
    • V.R. Deen, J.B. Morton, J.K. Vohra Pulmonary vein paced activation sequence mapping comparison with activation sequences during onset of focal atrial fibrillation J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 13 2 2002 101 107
    • (2002) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-107
    • Deen, V.R.1    Morton, J.B.2    Vohra, J.K.3
  • 114
    • 0029997568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of catheter-induced mechanical trauma in localization of target sites of radiofrequency ablation in automatic atrial tachycardia
    • C. Pappone, G. Stabile, A. De Simone Role of catheter-induced mechanical trauma in localization of target sites of radiofrequency ablation in automatic atrial tachycardia J Am Coll Cardiol 27 5 1996 1090 1097
    • (1996) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 1090-1097
    • Pappone, C.1    Stabile, G.2    De Simone, A.3
  • 115
    • 0032532068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ablation of right and left ectopic atrial tachycardias using a three-dimensional nonfluoroscopic mapping system
    • A. Natale, L. Breeding, G. Tomassoni Ablation of right and left ectopic atrial tachycardias using a three-dimensional nonfluoroscopic mapping system Am J Cardiol 82 8 1998 989 992
    • (1998) Am J Cardiol , vol.82 , Issue.8 , pp. 989-992
    • Natale, A.1    Breeding, L.2    Tomassoni, G.3
  • 116
    • 0036164439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience with electroanatomic mapping of ectopic atrial tachycardia
    • E. Hoffmann, C. Reithmann, P. Nimmermann Clinical experience with electroanatomic mapping of ectopic atrial tachycardia Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 25 1 2002 49 56
    • (2002) Pacing Clin Electrophysiol , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-56
    • Hoffmann, E.1    Reithmann, C.2    Nimmermann, P.3
  • 117
    • 0031831041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic electroanatomical mapping for ablation of focal atrial tachycardias
    • F. Marchlinski, D. Callans, C. Gottlieb Magnetic electroanatomical mapping for ablation of focal atrial tachycardias Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 21 8 1998 1621 1635
    • (1998) Pacing Clin Electrophysiol , vol.21 , Issue.8 , pp. 1621-1635
    • Marchlinski, F.1    Callans, D.2    Gottlieb, C.3
  • 118
    • 0035028140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electroanatomical Mapping (CARTO) of ectopic atrial tachycardia: Impact of bipolar and unipolar local electrogram annotation for localization the focal origin
    • C. Weiss, S. Willems, R. Rueppel Electroanatomical Mapping (CARTO) of ectopic atrial tachycardia impact of bipolar and unipolar local electrogram annotation for localization the focal origin J Interv Card Electrophysiol 5 1 2001 101 107
    • (2001) J Interv Card Electrophysiol , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-107
    • Weiss, C.1    Willems, S.2    Rueppel, R.3
  • 120
    • 0032168402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous endocardial mapping in the human left ventricle using a noncontact catheter: Comparison of contact and reconstructed electrograms during sinus rhythm
    • R.J. Schilling, N.S. Peters, D.W. Davies Simultaneous endocardial mapping in the human left ventricle using a noncontact catheter comparison of contact and reconstructed electrograms during sinus rhythm Circulation 98 9 1998 887 898
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , Issue.9 , pp. 887-898
    • Schilling, R.J.1    Peters, N.S.2    Davies, D.W.3
  • 121
    • 0035871412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and ablation of focal right atrial tachycardia using a new high-resolution, non-contact mapping system
    • H. Schmitt, S. Weber, J.O. Schwab Diagnosis and ablation of focal right atrial tachycardia using a new high-resolution, non-contact mapping system Am J Cardiol 87 8 2001 1017 1021
    • (2001) Am J Cardiol , vol.87 , Issue.8 , pp. 1017-1021
    • Schmitt, H.1    Weber, S.2    Schwab, J.O.3
  • 122
    • 0033545887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical experience with a novel multielectrode basket catheter in right atrial tachycardias
    • C. Schmitt, B. Zrenner, M. Schneider Clinical experience with a novel multielectrode basket catheter in right atrial tachycardias Circulation 99 18 1999 2414 2422
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , Issue.18 , pp. 2414-2422
    • Schmitt, C.1    Zrenner, B.2    Schneider, M.3
  • 123
    • 0028908567 scopus 로고
    • Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia
    • L. Wang, H.R. Weerasooriya, M.J. Davis Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia Aust N Z J Med 25 2 1995 127 132
    • (1995) Aust N Z J Med , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-132
    • Wang, L.1    Weerasooriya, H.R.2    Davis, M.J.3
  • 124
    • 0029915423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachycardias
    • H. Poty, N. Saoudi, M. Haissaguerre Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachycardias Am Heart J 131 3 1996 481 489
    • (1996) Am Heart J , vol.131 , Issue.3 , pp. 481-489
    • Poty, H.1    Saoudi, N.2    Haissaguerre, M.3
  • 125
    • 0027478150 scopus 로고
    • Radiofrequency ablation for treatment of primary atrial tachycardias
    • G.N. Kay, F. Chong, A.E. Epstein Radiofrequency ablation for treatment of primary atrial tachycardias J Am Coll Cardiol 21 4 1993 901 909
    • (1993) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 901-909
    • Kay, G.N.1    Chong, F.2    Epstein, A.E.3
  • 126
    • 0345328618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unipolar electrogram in identification of successful targets for radiofrequency catheter ablation of focal atrial tachycardia
    • K. Tang, J. Ma, S. Zhang Unipolar electrogram in identification of successful targets for radiofrequency catheter ablation of focal atrial tachycardia Chin Med J Engl 116 10 2003 1455 1458
    • (2003) Chin Med J Engl , vol.116 , Issue.10 , pp. 1455-1458
    • Tang, K.1    Ma, J.2    Zhang, S.3
  • 127
    • 0021986634 scopus 로고
    • Transvenous catheter ablation of a right atrial automatic ectopic tachycardia
    • M.J. Silka, P.C. Gillette, A. Garson Jr Transvenous catheter ablation of a right atrial automatic ectopic tachycardia J Am Coll Cardiol 5 4 1985 999 1001
    • (1985) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 999-1001
    • Silka, M.J.1    Gillette, P.C.2    Garson Jr., A.3
  • 128
    • 0035313466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia
    • I. Anguera, J. Brugada, M. Roba Outcomes after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia Am J Cardiol 87 7 2001 886 890
    • (2001) Am J Cardiol , vol.87 , Issue.7 , pp. 886-890
    • Anguera, I.1    Brugada, J.2    Roba, M.3
  • 129
    • 0027248799 scopus 로고
    • Radiofrequency catheter ablation of sustained intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia in adult patients. Identification of electrophysiological characteristics and endocardial mapping techniques
    • S.A. Chen, C.E. Chiang, C.J. Yang Radiofrequency catheter ablation of sustained intra-atrial reentrant tachycardia in adult patients. Identification of electrophysiological characteristics and endocardial mapping techniques Circulation 88 2 1993 578 587
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , Issue.2 , pp. 578-587
    • Chen, S.A.1    Chiang, C.E.2    Yang, C.J.3
  • 130
    • 0027383688 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of radiofrequency catheter ablation for treatment of atrial tachycardia
    • J. Goldberger, J. Kall, F. Ehlert Effectiveness of radiofrequency catheter ablation for treatment of atrial tachycardia Am J Cardiol 72 11 1993 787 793
    • (1993) Am J Cardiol , vol.72 , Issue.11 , pp. 787-793
    • Goldberger, J.1    Kall, J.2    Ehlert, F.3
  • 131
    • 0023929724 scopus 로고
    • Surgical treatment of right atrial focal tachycardia in adults
    • A.A. Seals, G.M. Lawrie, S. Magro Surgical treatment of right atrial focal tachycardia in adults J Am Coll Cardiol 11 5 1988 1111 1117
    • (1988) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 1111-1117
    • Seals, A.A.1    Lawrie, G.M.2    Magro, S.3
  • 132
    • 0021933276 scopus 로고
    • Surgical management of refractory supraventricular tachycardia in infants and children
    • D.A. Ott, P.C. Gillette, A. Garson Jr Surgical management of refractory supraventricular tachycardia in infants and children J Am Coll Cardiol 5 1 1985 124 129
    • (1985) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 124-129
    • Ott, D.A.1    Gillette, P.C.2    Garson Jr., A.3
  • 133
    • 0026769110 scopus 로고
    • Surgical treatment for ectopic atrial tachycardia
    • A. Graffigna, M. Vigano, F. Pagani Surgical treatment for ectopic atrial tachycardia Ann Thorac Surg 54 2 1992 338 343
    • (1992) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 338-343
    • Graffigna, A.1    Vigano, M.2    Pagani, F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.