On walking contested land: Doing environmental history in West Africa and the United States

Environmental History

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 510-531

  Heasley, Lynne ^a  

^a WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY; NATURE-SOCIETY RELATIONS;

EID: 24944476194     PISSN: 10845453     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/envhis/10.3.510     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. John O'Doherty, "Sudan Crisis Exemplifies Clash of Civilizations," Chicago Tribune, 19 September 2004.
2. Matthew D. Turner, "Political Ecology and the Moral Dimensions of 'Resource Conflicts': The Case of Farmer-herder Conflicts in the Sahel," Political Geography 23 (2004): 883-89.
3. Paul Sutter, "What Can U.S. Environmental Historians Learn from Non-U.S. Environmental Historiography?" Environmental History 8 (2003):109-29.
4. Ibid., 119.
5. Ibid., 118.
6. Ibid., 110.
7. One premise here is that African environmental historiography is centered on the relatively recent past, colonial and postcolonial, even if the scope of some individual research projects is much longer.
8. Michael L. Lewis, Inventing Global Ecology: Tracking the Biodiversity Ideal in India, 1947-1997 (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2004).
9. Lynne Heasley and James Delehanty, "The Politics of Manure: Resource Tenure and the Agropastoral Economy in Southwestern Niger," Society and Natural Resources 9 (1996): 31-46.
10. Tidiane Ngaido, Land Use Conflicts in Western Rural Niger: Kollo and Tillabery Arrondissements, Land Tenure Center Cooperative Agreement with USAID/Niger, Discussion Paper No. 1 (Madison: Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1993).
11. Heasley and Delehanty, "Politics of Manure." <>> Heasley and Delehanty, "Politics of Manure."
12. For example, Matthew D. Turner, "Spatial and Temporal Scaling of Grazing Impact on the Species Composition and Productivity of Sahelian Annual Grasslands," Journal of Arid Environments 41 (1999): 277-97;
13. and P. Hiernaux and Matthew D. Turner, "The Effect of Clipping on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Sahelian Annual Rangelands," Journal of Applied Ecology 33 (1996): 387-99.
14. My synopsis of Turner's analysis is from Turner, "Political Ecology and the Moral Dimensions of 'Resource Conflicts.'"
15. Ibid., 883.
16. Ibid., 877.
17. Ibid., 867-68.
18. Ibid., 886.
19. Garrett Hardin, "The Tragedy of the Commons," Science 162 (1968): 1243-48.
20. The Peace Corps is a common launching pad into academic life. The experience inspires many to become historians, geographers, anthropologists, or ecologists. In the United States, I can think of no comparable post-undergraduate experience in terms of academic exposure and tracking.
21. Rebecca McLain, Tenure and Agroforestry: Village and Household Studies in Central Mali (Madison: Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1990).
22. I would publish the photo here except that it would be disrespectful on my part. I unknowingly committed a faux pas by asking the marabout to lower his veil, or tidjelmoust, so that I could photograph his face. He was kind enough to comply, but later I learned that Kel Tamashek men both receive and show respect by covering their mouths with these veils.
23. Rebecca McLain to Lynne Heasley, 31 May 2004. Correspondence in possession of author.
24. Marsha Weisiger, "The Debate over El Lobo: Can Historians Make a Difference?" The Public Historian 26 (2004): 123-44.
25. David Glassberg, Sense of History: The Place of the Past in American Life (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001).
26. For nuanced, critical explorations of participatory research in developing countries, see the essays in Kriemild Saunders, ed., Feminist Post-Development Thought: Rethinking Modernity, Post-Colonialism and Representation (New York: Zed, 2002);
27. and Karen Brock and Rosemary McGee, eds., Knowing Poverty: Critical Reflections on Participatory Research and Policy (Sterling, Va.: Earthscan Publications, 2002).
28. Patience Elabor-Idemudia, "Participatory Research: A Tool in the Production of Knowledge in Development Discourse," in Feminist Post-Development Thought, ed. Saunders, 232.
29. Ibid., 227-242.
30. See also John Gaventa, "The Powerful, the Powerless, and the Experts: Knowledge Struggles in an Information Age," in Voices of Change: Participatory Research in the United States and Canada, ed. Peter Park, et al. (Westport, Conn.: Bergin and Garvey, 1993), 21-40.
31. John Gaventa, "Participatory Research in North America," Convergence 24 (1988): 19.
32. I b i d.
33. Karen Brock, "Introduction: Knowing Poverty: Critical Reflections on Participatory Research and Policy," in Knowing Poverty, ed. Brock and McGee, 10.