The extratropical transition of Tropical Cyclone Lili (1996) and its crucial contribution to a moderate extratropical development

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 133, Issue 6, 2005, Pages 1562-1573

  Agustí Panareda, Anna ^a   Gray, Suzanne L ^a   Craig, George C ^b   Thorncroft, Chris ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

^b GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

^c STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MATHEMATICAL MODELS; METEOROLOGY; NUMERICAL ANALYSIS; TROPICS; WEATHER FORECASTING;

BAROCLINIC CYCLONE; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; TROPICAL CYCLONE;

STORMS;

BAROCLINIC MOTION; EXTRATROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; TROPICAL CYCLONE;

EID: 24944459500     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/MWR2935.1     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Agustí-Panareda, A., C. D. Thorncroft, G. C. Craig, and S. L. Gray, 2004: The extratropical transition of Hurricane Irene (1999): A potential vorticity perspective. Quart J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 1047-1074.
2. Ahmadi-Givi, F., G. C. Craig, and R. S. Plant, 2004: The dynamics of a mid-latitude cyclone with very strong latent heat release. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 295-323.
3. Bergeron, T., 1928: Ober die dreidimensional verknüpfende. Wetteranalyse. Geofys. Publ., 5, 1-111.
4. Bjerknes, J., and H. Solberg, 1922: Life cycle of cyclones and the polar front theory of atmospheric circulation. Geofys. Publ., 3, 148.
5. Bosart, L. F., and G. M. Lackmann, 1995: Postlandfall tropical cyclone re-intensification in a weakly baroclinic environment: A case study of Hurricane David (September 1979). Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 3268-3291.
6. Browning, K. A., G. Vaughan, and P. Panagi, 1998: Analysis of an ex-tropical cyclone after its re-intensification as a warm-core extratropical cyclone. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 2329-2356.
7. Browning, K. A., A. J. Thorpe, A. Montani, D. Parsons, M. Griffiths, P. Panagi, and E. M. Dicks, 2000: Interactions of tropopause depressions with an ex-tropical cyclone and sensitivity of forecasts to analysis errors. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2734-2755.
8. Carroll, E. B., 1997: Poorly forecast trough disruption shown in water vapour images. Meteor. Appl., 4, 229-234.
9. Cullen, M. J. P., 1993: The unified forecast/climate model. Meteor. Mag., 122, 81-93.
10. Davies, H. C., C. Schär, and H. Wernli, 1991: The palette of fronts and cyclones within a baroclinic wave development. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1666-1689.
11. Davis, C. A., and K. A. Emanuel, 1991: Potential vorticity diagnostics of cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1929-1953.
12. DiMego, G. J., and L. F. Bosart, 1982a: Transformation of Tropical Storm Agnes into an extratropical cyclone. Part I: The observed fields and vertical motion computations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 385-411.
13. DiMego, G. J., and L. F. Bosart, 1982b: Transformation of Tropical Storm Agnes into an extratropical cyclone. Part II: Moisture, vorticity and kinetic energy budgets. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 412-433.
14. Evans, J. L., and R. E. Hart, 2003: Objective indicators of the life cycle evolution of extratropical transition for Atlantic tropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 909-925.
15. Foley, G. R., and B. N. Hanstrum, 1994: The capture of tropical cyclones by cold fronts off the coast of Australia. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 577-592.
16. Gregory, D., and P. R. Rowntree, 1990: A mass flux convection scheme with representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stability-dependent closure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1483-1506.
17. Harr, P. A., and R. L. Elsberry, 2000: Extratropical transition of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific. Part I: Evolution of structural characteristics during the transition process. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 2613-2633.
18. Hart, R. E., and J. L. Evans, 2001: A climatology of the extra-tropical transition of Atlantic tropical cyclones. J. Climate, 14, 546-564.
19. Jones, S. C., and Coauthors, 2003: The extratropical transition of tropical cyclones: Forecast challanges, current understanding and future directions. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 1052-1092.
20. Klein, P. M., P. A. Harr, and R. L. Elsberry, 2000: Extratropical transition of western North Pacific tropical cyclones: An overview and conceptual model of the transformation stage. Wea. Forecasting, 15, 373-395.
21. Klein, P. M., P. A. Harr, and R. L. Elsberry, 2002: Extratropical transition of western North Pacific tropical cyclones: Midlatitude and tropical cyclone contributions to reintensification. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 2240-2259.
22. Lawrence, M. B., cited 1996: Preliminary report on Hurricane Lili, 14-27 October 1996. [Available online at http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/ 1996lili_text.html.]
23. Matano, H., and M. Sekioka, 1971: Some aspects of extratropical transformation of a tropical cyclone. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 49, 736-743.
24. McTaggart-Cowan, R., J. R. Gyakum, and M. K. Yau, 2001: Sensitivity testing of extratropical transitions using potential vorticity inversions to modify initial conditions: Hurricane Earl case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1617-1636.
25. Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, 1994: Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation. J. Climate, 7, 929-948.
26. Ritchie, E. A., and R. L. Elsberry, 2003: Simulations of the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones: Contributions by the midlatitude upper-level trough to reintensification. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 2112-2128.
27. Schultz, D. M., D. Keyser, and L. F. Bosart, 1998: The effect of large-scale flow on low-level frontal structure and evolution in midlatitude cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1767-1791.
28. Shapiro, M. A., and D. Keyser, 1990: Fronts, jets and the tropopause. Extratropical Cyclones: The Erik Palmén Memorial Volume, C. W. Newton and E. O. Holopainen, Eds., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 167-191.
29. Shapiro, M. A., and Coauthors, 1999: A planetary-scale to mesoscale perspective of the life cycles of extratropical cyclones: The bridge between theory and observations. The Life Cycles of Extratropical Cyclones, M. A. Shapiro and S. Grönås, Eds., Amer. Meteor. Soc., 39-185.
30. Sinclair, M. R., 1993: Synoptic-scale diagnosis of the extratropical transition of a southwest Pacific tropical cyclone. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 941-960.
31. Sinclair, M. R., 2002: Extratropical transition of southwest Pacific tropical cyclones. Part I: Climatology and mean structure changes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 590-609.
32. Thorncroft, C. D., and S. C. Jones, 2000: The extratropical transitions of Hurricanes Felix and Iris in 1995. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 947-972.
33. Thorncroft, C. D., B. J. Hoskins, and M. E. McIntyre, 1993: Two paradigms of baroclinic-wave life-cycle behaviour. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 17-55.
34. Wernli, H., R. Fehlmann, and D. Lüthi, 1998: The effect of barotropic shear on upper-level induced cyclogenesis: Semigeostrophic and primitive equation numerical simultions. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2080-2094.