Assessing the accuracy of a linearized observation operator for assimilation of radio occultation data: Case simulations with a high-resolution weather model

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 133, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 2200-2212

  Sokolovskiy, Sergey ^a,b   Kuo, Ying Hwa ^c   Wang, Wei ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY CORPORATION FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b OBUKHOV INSTITUTE OF ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS   (Russian Federation)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; LINEARIZATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; RADIO TRANSMISSION; REMOTE SENSING; WEATHER FORECASTING;

NONLOCAL LINEAR MODELING; NUMERICAL WEATHER MODEL; RADIO OCCULTATION;

METEOROLOGY;

MODELING; WEATHER;

EID: 24944458812     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/MWR2948.1     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Ahmad, B., 1998: Accuracy and resolution of atmospheric profiles obtained from radio occultation measurements. Scientific Rep. DPD811-1988-1, Center for Radar Astronomy, Stanford, CA, 123 pp.
2. Ahmad, B., and G. L. Tyler, 1998: The two-dimensional resolution kernel associated with retrieval of ionospheric and atmospheric refractivity profiles by Abelian inversion of radio occultation phase data. Radio Sci., 33, 129-142.
3. Ahmad, B., and G. L. Tyler, 1999: Systematic errors in atmospheric profiles obtained from Abelian inversion of radio occultation data: Effects of large-scale horizontal gradients. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3971-3992.
4. Anthes, R. A., C. Rocken, and Y.-H. Kuo, 2000: Application of COSMIC to meteorology and climate. Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci., 11 (1), 115-156.
5. Chen, S.-H., and W.-Y. Sun, 2002: A one dimensional time-dependent cloud model. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 80, 99-118.
6. Eyre, J. R., 1994: Assimilation of radio occultation measurements into a numerical weather prediction system. European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Tech. Memo. 199, 34 pp.
7. Feng, D. D., and B. M. Herman, 1999: Remotely sensing the earth's atmosphere using the global positioning system (GPS). J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 16, 989-1002.
8. Gorbunov, M. E., 1990: Solution of inverse problems of remote atmospheric refractometry on limb paths. Izv. Atmos. Oceanic Phys. 26, 86-91.
9. Gorbunov, M. E., 2002: Canonical transform method for processing radio occultation data in the lower troposphere. Radio Sci., 37, 1076, doi:10.1029/2000RS002592.
10. Gorbunov, M. E., and S. V. Sokolovskiy, 1993: Remote sensing of refractivity from space for global observation of atmospheric parameters. Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Rep. 119, 58 pp.
11. Gorbunov, M. E., and L. Kornblueh, 2003: Principles of variational assimilation of GNSS radio occultation data. Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Rep. 350, 34 pp.
12. Gorbunov, M. E., S. V. Sokolovskiy, and L. Bengtsson, 1996: Space refractive tomography of the atmosphere: Modeling of direct and inverse problems. Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Rep. 210, 59 pp.
13. Gurvich, A. S., and S. V. Sokolovsky, 1985: Reconstruction of a pressure field by remote refractometry from space. Izv. Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 21, 7-13.
14. Gurvich, A. S., and T. G. Krasil'nikova, 1987: Navigation satellites for radio sensing of the earth's atmosphere. Sov. J. Remote Sens., 7, 89-93.
15. Hajj, G. A., E. R. Kursinski, L. J. Romans, W. I. Bertiger, and S. S. Leroy, 2002: A technical description of atmospheric sounding by GPS occultation. J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 64, 451-469.
16. Hardy, E. R., D. P. Hinson, G. L. Tyler, and E. R. Kursinski, 1992: Atmospheric profiles from active space-based radio measurements. Preprints, Sixth Conf. on Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography, Atlanta, GA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 420-423.
17. Hocke, K., 1997: Inversion of GPS meteorology data. Ann. Geophys., 15, 443-450.
18. Jensen, A. S., M. S. Lohmann, H.-H. Benzon, and A. S. Nielsen, 2003: Full spectrum inversion of radio occultation signals. Radio Sci., 38, 1040, doi:10.1029/2002RS002763.
19. Kravtsov, Yu. A., and Yu. I. Orlov, 1990: Geometrical optics of inhomogeneous media. Springer-Verlag, 216 pp.
20. Kuo, Y.-H., S. V. Sokolovskiy, R. A. Anthes, and F. Vandenberghe, 2000: Assimilation of GPS radio occultation data for numerical weather prediction. Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci., 11 (1), 157-186.
21. Kuo, Y.-H., T.-K. Wee, S. Sokolovskiy, C. Rocken, W. Schreiner, D. Hunt, and R. A. Anthes, 2004: Inversion and error estimation of GPS radio occultation data. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 82B, 507-531.
22. Kursinski, E. R., G. A. Hajj, J. T. Schofield, R. P. Linfield, and K. R. Hardy, 1997: Observing earth's atmosphere with radio occultation measurements using the global positioning system. J. Geophys. Res. 102 (D19), 23 429-23 465.
23. Kursinski, E. R., G. A. Hajj, S. S. Leroy, and B. M. Herman, 2000: The GPS radio occultation technique. Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci., 11 (1), 235-272.
24. Lin, Y.-L., R. D. Farley, and H. D. Orville, 1983: Bulk parameterization of the snow field in a cloud model. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1065-1092.
25. Liu, H., and X. Zou, 2003: Improvements to a GPS radio occultation ray-tracing model and their impacts on assimilation of bending angle. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4548, doi:10.1029/2002JD003160.
26. Liu, H., X. Zou, H. Shao, R. A. Anthes, J. C. Chang, J.-H. Tseng, and B. Wang, 2001: Impact of 837 bending angle profiles on assimilation and forecasts for the period June 20-30, 1995. J. Geophys. Res., 106 (D23), 31 771-31 786.
27. Marquardt, C., J. Eyre, S. Healy, A. Jupp, and D. Offiler, 2003: Use of GPS radio occultation data in meteorological services. U.K. Met Office Forecast Research Tech. Rep. 403, 9 pp.
28. Melbourne, W. G., and Coauthors, 1994: The application of spaceborne GPS to atmospheric limb sounding and global change monitoring. JPL Publication 94-18, 147 pp.
29. Michalakes, J., S. Chen, J. Dudhia, J. Klemp, J. Middlecoff, and W. Skamarock, 2001: Development of a next generation regional weather research and forecast model. Developments in Teracomputing: Proceedings of the Ninth ECMWF Workshop on the Use of High Performance Computing in Meteorology, W. Zwieflhofer and N. Kreitz, Eds., World Scientific, 269-276.
30. Poli, P., 2004: Effects of horizontal gradients on GPS radio occultation observation operators. II: A Fast Atmospheric Refractivity Gradient Operator (FARGO). Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, doi:10.1256/qj.03.229.
31. Poli, P., and J. Joiner, 2004: Effects of horizontal gradients on GPS radio occultation observation operators. I: Ray tracing. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, doi:10.1256/qj.03.228.
32. Poli, P., J. Joiner, and E. R. Kursinski, 2002: 1DVAR analysis of temperature and humidity using GPS radio occultation refractivity data. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4448, doi:10.1029/2001JD000935.
33. Press, W. H., S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling, and B. P. Flannery, 1992: Numerical Recipes in Fortran 77. Cambridge University Press, 933 pp.
34. Rocken, C., and Coauthors, 1997: Analysis and validation of GPS/MET data in the neutral atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (D25), 29 849-29 866.
35. Skamarock, W. C., J. B. Klemp, and J. Dudhia, 2001: Prototypes for the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). Preprints, Ninth Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Fort Lauderdale, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., J11-J15.
36. Sokolovsky, S. V., 1986: Possibility for remote refractometric sensing of the atmosphere using FGGE (First Global GARP Experiment) data: Numerical experiment. Izv. Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 22, 691-693.
37. Sokolovsky, S. V., 2003: Effect of superrefraction on inversions of radio occultation signals in the lower toposphere. Radio Sci., 38, 1058, doi:10.1029/2002RS002728.
38. Steiner, A. K., G. Kirchengast, and H. P. Ladreiter, 1999: Inversion, error analysis, and validation of GPS/MET occultation data. Ann. Geophys., 17, 122-138.
39. Syndergaard, S., 1999: Retrieval analysis and methodologies in atmospheric limb sounding using GNSS radio occultation technique. Danish Meteorological Institute Scientific Rep. 99-6, Copenhagen, Denmark, 75 pp.
40. Syndergaard, S., D. Flittner, R. Kursinski, and B. Herman, 2003: Simulating the influence of horizontal gradients on refractivity profiles from radio occultations. Proc. Fourth Oersted Int. Science Team Conf. (OIST-4), Copenhagen, Denmark, Danish Meteorological Institute, 245-250.
41. Syndergaard, S., D. Flittner, R. Kursinski, E. M. Lane, and D. E. Flittner, 2005: A refractive index mapping operator for assimilation of occultation data. Mon. Wea. Rev., in press.
42. Thayer, G. D., 1974: An improved equation for the radio refractive index of air. Radio Sci., 9, 803-807.
43. Vorob'ev, V. V., and T. G. Krasil'nikova, 1994: Estimation of the accuracy of the atmospheric refractive index recovery from Doppler shift measurements at frequencies used in the NAVSTAR system. Izv. Atmos. Oceanic Phys., 29, 602-609.
44. Wickert, J., and Coauthors, 2001: Atmosphere sounding by GPS radio occultation: First results from CHAMP. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3263-3266.
45. Yunck, T. P., G. F. Lindall, and C.-H. Liu, 1988: The role of GPS in precise earth observation. Proc. Position Location and Navigation Symp. (PLANS 88), Orlando, FL, IEEE, 251-258.
46. Yunck, T. P., C.-H. Liu, and R. Ware, 2000: A history of GPS sounding. Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci., 11, 1-20.
47. Zou, X., Y.-H. Kuo, and Y.-R. Guo, 1995: Assimilation of atmospheric radio refractivity using a nonhydrostatic adjoint model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 2229-2249.
48. Zou, X., and Coauthors, 1999: A ray-tracing operator and its adjoint for the use of GPS/MET refraction angle measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 104, 22 301-22 318.
49. Zou, X., B. Wang, H. Liu, R. A. Anthes, T. Matsumura, and Y. J. Zhu, 2000: Use of GPS/MET refraction angles in three-dimensional variational analysis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 126, 3013-3040.