A Framework for assessing forest ecosystem health

Ecosystem Health

Volumn 2, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 47-51

  Yazvenko, Sergei B ^a   Rapport, David J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 24744442663     PISSN: 10762825     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Aber, J.D. (1979) Foliage-height profiles and succession in northern hardwood forests. Ecology, 60, 18-23.
2. Abrahamsen, G. et al. eds. (1994) Long-Term Experiments with Acid Rain in Norwegian Forest Ecosystems, 344 pp. Springer-Verlag, New York.
3. Arnolds, E. (1991) Decline of ectomycorrhizal fungi in Europe. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 35, 209-217.
4. Auclair, A.N. & Goff, G. (1971) Diversity relations of upland forests in the Western Great Lakes area. American Naturalist, 105, 499-528.
5. Bard, G. (1952) Secondary succession on the Piedmont of New Jersey. Ecological Monographs, 22, 195-215.
6. Bauce, E. & Allen, D.C. (1991) Etiology of a sugar maple decline. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 21, 686-699.
7. Bazzaz, F.A. (1979) The physiological ecology of succession. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 10, 351-371.
8. Beckwith, S.L. (1954) Ecological succession on abandoned farm land and its relationship to wildlife management. Ecological Monographs, 24, 349-375.
9. Bennett, K.D. (1987) Holocene history of forest trees in southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany, 65, 1792-1801.
10. Binford, M.W. & Leyden, B. (1987) Ecosystems, paleoecology and human disturbance in subtropical and tropical America. Quaternary Science Review, 6, 115-128.
11. Bird, P.M. & Rapport, D.J. (1986) State of the Environment Report for Canada, 264 pp. Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Ottawa.
12. Blondel, J. & Aronson, J. (1995) Biodiversity and ecosystem function in the Mediterranean basin: human and non-human determinants. In: Davis, G.W. & Richardson, D.M., (eds.) Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems. The Function of Biodiversity. Ecological Studies, p. 43-119. 109, Berlin, Springer-Verlag.
13. Bobrov, A.A. et al. (1994) Taxonomic and ecological implications of shell morphology of three Testaceans (Protozoa: Rhizopoda) in Russia and Canada. Archiv für Protistenkunde 145, 119-126.
14. Bond, W.J. (1993) Keystone species. In: Schultze, E.D. & Mooney, H.A., (eds.) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function. Ecological Studies, p. 237-253 99. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
15. Bormann, F.H. & Likens, G.E. (1979) Pattern and Process in a Forested Ecosystem, Springer-Verlag, New York, 279 pp.
16. Bormann, L.H. et al. (1974) The export of nutrients and recovery of stable conditions following deforestation at Hubbord Brook. Ecol. Monogr., 44, 255-277.
17. Cairns, J., Jr. & Pratt, J.R. (1995) The relationship between ecosystem health and delivery of ecosystem services. In: Rapport, D.J. et al. (eds.) Evaluating and Monitoring the Health of Large-Scale Ecosystems, Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 63-76.
18. Canadian Forest Service. (1994) Criteria and indicators for the conservation and sustainable management of temperate and boreal forests. The Montreal Process. 28 pp. Hull.
19. Carpenter, S.R. (1990) Large-scale perturbations: opportunity for innovation. Ecology 71, 2038-2043.
20. Covington, W.W. (1981) Changes in forest floor organic matter and nutrient content following clearcutting in northern hardwoods. Ecology, 62, 41-48.
21. Crocker, R.L. & Dickson, B.A. (1957) Soil development on the recessional moraines of the Herbert and Mendelhall Glaciers, south-eastern Alaska. Journal of Ecology, 43, 427-448.
22. DeHayes, D.H. et al. (1991) Ambient cloud deposition reduces cold tolerance of red spruce. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 21, 1292-1295.
23. Denslow, J.S. (1985) Disturbance-mediated coexistence of species. In: The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics, 307-323.
24. D'Eon, S.P. et al. (1994) ARNEWS. Canada's National Forest Health Monitoring Plot Network. Information Report PI-X-117, Petawawa National Forestry Institute, Chalk River. 99 p.
25. Dubos, R. (1976) Symbiosis between the earth and humankind. Science, 193, 459-462.
26. Foster, D.R. & Boose, E.R. (1992) Patterns of Forest Damage Resulting from Catastrophic Wind in Central New-England, USA. Journal of Ecology, 80, 79-98.
27. Foster, D.R. & Zebryk, T.M. (1993) Long-term vegetation dynamics and disturbance history of a tsuga-dominated forest in New England. Ecology, 74, 982-998.
28. Foster, D.R. et al. (1992) Post-settlement history of human land-use and vegetation dynamics of a Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) woodlot in central New England. Journal of Ecology, 80, 773-786.
29. Franklin, J.F. (1989) Importance and justification of long-term studies in ecology. In: G.E. Likens (ed.), Long-Term Studies in Ecology. Approaches and Alternatives. Springer-Verlag, New York, 3-19.
30. Frelich, L.E. & Graumlich, L.J. (1994) Age-class distribution and spatial patterns in an old-growth hemlock-hardwood forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 24, 1939-1947.
31. Gillespie, A.J.R. et al. (1993) Forest Health Monitoring, 15 pp. New England/Mid-Atlantic, 1992. NE/NA-INF-115-R93.
32. Gray, J.S. (1979) Pollution-induced changes in populations. Phil. Trans. Royal. Soc., Ser. B, 286, 545-561.
33. Gray, J.S. (1989) Effects of environmental stress on species rich assemblages. Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 37, 19-32.
34. Gray, J.S. & Pearson, T.H. (1982) Objective selection of sensitive species indicative of pollution-induced changes in benthic communities, I. Comparative methodology, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 9, 1121.
35. Heinselman, M.L. (1973) Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota. Quaternary Research, 3, 329-382.
36. Hendrickson, O. (1992) Forestry Canada's ecological monitoring programs. In: State of the Environment Reporting. Occasional paper series, No. 1. Environment Canada, 37-42.
37. Hilden, M. & Rapport D.J. (1994) Four centuries of cumulative cultural impact on a Finnish river and its estuary: an ecosystem health approach. J. Aquat. Ecosystem Health, 2, 261-275.
38. Hinrichsen D. (1986) Multiple pollutants and forest decline. Ambio, 15, 258-265.
39. Innes, J.L., Whittaker, R.J. (1993) Relationships between the crown condition of Sitka and Norway spruce and the environment in Great Britain: an exploratory analysis. J. Applied Ecology, 30, 341-360.
40. Jaenkie, J. (1991) Mass extinction of European fungi. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 6, 174-175.
41. Johnson, A.H. et al. (1988) Climate and red spruce growth and decline in the northern Appalachians. Proceedings National Academy of Science U.S.A., 85, 5369-5373.
42. Kelly, P.E. et al. (1994) A 1397-year tree-ring chronology of Thuja occidentalis from cliff faces of the Niagara Escarpment, southern Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 24, 1049-1057.
43. Kolb, T.E. & McCormick, L.H. (1993) Etiology of sugar maple decline in four Pennsylvania stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 23, 2395-2402.
44. Lamont, B.B. (1982) Mechanisms for enhancing nutrient uptake in plants, with particular reference to Mediterranean South Africa and Western Australia. Botanical Review, 48, 597-689.
45. Lewis T.E. (ed.) (1994) Tree-Rings as Indicators of Ecosystem Health, 210 pp. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
46. Luken J.O. et al. (1992) Response of woody plant communities in power-line corridors to frequent anthropogenic disturbance. Ecological Appl., 2, 356-362.
47. Maini J.S. (1993) Towards Sustainable Forest Development, 210 pp. Forestry Canada, Canada.
48. Marks, P.L. (1974) The role of pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.) in the maintenance of stability in northern hardwood ecosystems. Ecological Monograph, 44, 73-88.
49. Millers, I. et al. (1991) North American sugar maple decline: organization and field methods. 26 pp. General Technique Report NE-154. USDA Forest Service.
50. Odum E.P. (1969) The strategy of ecosystem development. Science 164, 262-270.
51. Oliver, C.D. (1981) Forest development in North America following major disturbances. Forest Ecology Management, 3, 153-168.
52. Pastor, J., Stillwell, M.A., Tilman, D. (1987) Nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in four Minnesota old fields. Oecologia, 71, 481-485.
53. Peterson, D.L. et al. (1991) Regional growth trends of ozone-stressed Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA. The Holocene 1, 50-67.
54. Rapport, D.J. (1989) Symptoms of pathology in the Gulf of Bothnia (Baltic Sea): ecosystem response to stress from human activity. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 37, 33-49.
55. Rapport D.J. (1992) Evaluating ecosystem health. J. Aquatic Ecosystem Health 1, 15-24.
56. Rapport D.J. (1995) Ecosystem health: an emerging integrative science. In: Rapport D.J. et al., eds. Evaluating and Monitoring the Health of Large-Scale Ecosystems, p. 5-32. NATO ASI Series. Series I: Global Environmental Change, Vol. 28. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
57. Rapport, D.J. & Regier, H.A. (1995) Disturbance and stress effects on ecological systems. In: Patten, B.C. & Jorgensen, S.E. (eds.) Complex Ecology: Assessing our Progress, National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, Ottawa, 60-72.
58. Rapport, D.J. et al. (1985) Ecosystem behaviour under stress. American Naturalist, 125, 617-640.
59. Rapport, D.J. et al. (1995) Evaluating ecosystem health: opportunities for GIS. In: The Next Step. p. 3-8. Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Symposium on GIS, March 27-30, 1995, Vancouver, Canada. Vancouver: Polaris Conferences, 1.
60. Schindler, D.W. (1987) Detecting ecosystem response to anthropogenic stress. Canadian Journal of Fishery and Aquatic Science 44, (Suppl.) 6-25.
61. Schoonmaker P.K. & Foster D.R. (1991) Some implications of paleoecology for contemporary ecology. Bot. Rev., 57, 204-245.
62. Schultze, E.D. & Mooney, H.A. eds. (1993) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function. Ecological Studies, 99, Springer-Verlag, Berlin
63. Seidl, P. et al. (1991) A Proposed Framework for Developing Indicators of Ecosystem Health for the Great Lakes Region. 74 pp. Council of Great Lakes Research Managers Report to the International Joint Commission, Canada.
64. Shortle, W.S. & Smith, K.T. (1988) Aluminum-induced calcium deficiency syndrome in declining red spruce. Science 240, 239-240.
65. Shortle, W.S. et al. (1992) Timing, magnitude, and impact of acidic deposition on sensitive forest sites. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 61, 253-267.
66. Smol J.P. (1992) Paleolimnology: an important tool for effective ecosystem management. Journal of Aquatic Ecosystem Health, 1, 49-59.
67. Smol J.P. (1995) Paleolimnological approaches to the evaluation and monitoring of ecosystem health: providing history for environmental damage and recovery. In: Rapport D J. et al. (eds.) Evaluating and Monitoring the Health of Large-Scale Ecosystems. NATO ASI Series. Series I: Global Environmental Change, Vol. 28. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, p. 301-318.
68. Sprugel, D.G. (1976) Dynamic structure of wave-regenerated Abies balsamea forests in the northeast United States. Journal of Ecology, 64, 889-911.
69. Sprugel, D.G. (1991) Disturbance Equilibrium and Environmental Variability: What is "Natural" Vegetation in a Changing Environment? Biological Conservation, 58, 1-14.
70. Stahle, D.W. & Cleaveland, M.K. (1994) Tree-ring reconstructed rainfall over the southeastern use during the medieval warm period and Little Ice-Age. Climatic Change 26, 199-212.
71. Swetnam, T.W. & Lynch, A.M. (1993) Multicentury, regional-scale patterns if western spruce budworm outbreaks. Ecological Monographs, 63, 399-424.
72. Tilman, D. (1991) Competition and biodiversity in spatially structured habitats. Ecology, 75, 2-17.
73. Ulrich B. (1989) Effects of acidic precipitation on forest ecosystems in Europe. In: Adriano, D.C. & Johnson, A.H. (eds.) Acid Precipitation. Vol 2: Biological and Ecological Effects (Advances in Environmental Science), New York, Springer-Verlag, 189-272.
74. Vitousek, P.M. (1985) Community turnover and ecosystem nutrient dynamics, p. 325-333. In: The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics.
75. Vogl, R.J. (1980) The ecological factors that produce perturbation-dependent ecosystems. In: Cairns Jr., J. (ed.) The Recovery Process in Damaged Ecosystems, Ann Arbor Science Publisher, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 63-94.
76. Voroney, R.P. et al. (1981) Organic C dynamics in grassland soils. 2. Model validation and simulation of the long-term effects of cultivation and rainfall effects. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 61, 211-224.
77. Weiderholm, T. (1980) Use of benthos in lake monitoring. J. Water Pollution Control Federation, 52, 537-557.
78. Woochrard, F.I. (1993) How many species are required for a functional ecosystem? In: Schultze, E.D. & Mooney, H.A., (eds). Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function. Ecological Studies, 99, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 271-291.
79. Woodwell, G.W. (1967) Radiation and the patterns of nature. Science, 156, 461-470.
80. Woodwell, G.W. (1970) Effects of pollution on the structure and physiology of ecosystems. Science 168, 429-433.
81. Yazvenko, S.B. (1995) Holocene pollen record from a peatland in the West Caucasus, Abkhasia, Black Sea Region. Journal of Paleolimnology, 12, 65-74.