Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the atmosphere of the Eastern Mediterranean

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 39, Issue 17, 2005, Pages 6584-6590

  Tsapakis, Manolis ^a,b   Stephanou, Euripides G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CRETE   (Greece)

^b INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY   (Greece)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR POLLUTION; COASTAL ZONES; COOLING; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; OZONE; URBAN PLANNING; VAPOR PRESSURE; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS; SUBCOOLED VAPOR PRESSURE; VAPOR-PHASE;

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS;

ANTHRACENE DERIVATIVE; BENZ[A]ANTHRACENE; BENZO[A]PYRENE; BENZO[B]FLUORANTHENE; BENZO[E]PYRENE; BENZO[GHI]PERYLENE; BENZO[K]FLUORANTHENE; CHRYSENE; CORONENE; DIBENZ[A,H]ANTHRACENE; FLUORANTHENE; FLUORENE DERIVATIVE; INDENO[1,2,3 CD]PYRENE; OZONE; PERYLENE; PHENANTHRENE DERIVATIVE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; PYRENE; RETENE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; PAH;

AIR SAMPLING; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; GREECE; HUMIDITY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; QUALITY CONTROL; SEASONAL VARIATION; TROPOSPHERE; VAPOR PRESSURE; WIND;

AIR POLLUTANTS; ATMOSPHERE; CITIES; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; EUROPE, EASTERN; GREECE; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; OZONE; PARTICLE SIZE; POLYCYCLIC HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC; SEASONS; TIME FACTORS; VOLATILIZATION;

EID: 24644503527     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es050532l     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Halsall, C. J.; Sweetman, A. J.; Barrie, L. A.; Jones, K. C. Modeling the behavior of PAHs during atmospheric transport from the UK to the Arctic. Atmos. Environ. 2001, 35, 255-267.
2. Tolosa, I.; Bayona, J. M.; Albaiges, J. Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur/oxygen derivatives in Northwestern Mediterranean sediments: Spatial and temporal variability, fluxes, and budgets. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1996, 30, 2495-2503.
3. Lipiatou, E.; Tolosa, I.; Simo, R.; Bouloubassi, I.; Dachs J.; Marti, S.; Sicre, M. A.; Bayona, J. M.; Grimalt, J. O.; Saliot, A.; Albaiges J. Mass balance and dynamics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Mediterranean Sea. Deep Sea Res. 1997, 44, 881-905.
4. Mihalopoulos, N.; Stephanou, E.; Kanakidou, M.; Pilitsidis, S.; Bousquet, P. Tropospheric aerosol ionic composition in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Tellus B 1997, 49, 314-326.
5. European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP). Transboundary Photooxidant Air Pollution in Europe: Calculations of Tropospheric Ozone and Comparison with Observations; EMEP/MSC-W Report 2/98; EMEP: Norway, July 1998
6. Tsapakis, M.; Stephanou, E. G.; Karakassis, I. Evaluation of atmospheric transport as a nonpoint source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments of the Eastern Mediterranean. Mar. Chem. 2003, 80, 283-298.
7. Kouvarakis, G.; Tsigaridis, K.; Kanakidou, M.; Mihalopoulos, N. Temporal variations of surface regional background ozone over Crete Island in the southeast Mediterranean. J. Geophys. Res. 2000, 105, 4399-4407.
8. Tsapakis, M.; Stephanou E. G. Collection of gas and particle semi-volatile organic compounds: use of an oxidant denuder to minimize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation during high-volume air sampling. Atmos. Environ. 2003, 37, 4935-4944.
9. Draxler, R. R.; Hess, G. D. Description of the HYSPLIT_4 Modelling System; NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL ARL-224; NOAA: Silver Spring, MD, December 1997.
10. Draxler, R. R.; Hess, G. D. An overview of the HYSPLIT_4 modelling system for trajectories, dispersion and deposition. Aust. Meteorol. Mag. 1998, 47, 295-308.
11. Gotham, W. E.; Bidleman, T. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in air at an urban and a rural site near Lake Michigan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 2782-2789.
12. Finlayson-Pitts, B. J.; Pitts, J. N., Jr. Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere; Academic Press: San Diego, CA, 2000.
13. Gigliotti, C. L.; Dachs, J.; Nelson, E. D.; Brunciak, P. A.; Eisenreich, S. J. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the New Jersey coastal atmosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2000, 34, 3547-3554.
14. Dimaski, M.; Lim, H. L.; Harrison, M. R.; Harrad, S. Temporal trends, temperature dependence, and relative reactivity of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 2264-2267.
15. Tsapakis, M.; Stephanou, E. G. Occurrence of gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the urban atmosphere: study of sources and ambient temperature effect on the gas/particle concentration and distribution. Environ. Pollut. 2005, 133, 147-156.
16. Baker, J. E.; Eisenreich, J. S. Concentrations and fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls across the air-water interface of Lake Superior. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1990, 24, 342-352.
17. Mandalakis, M.; Gustafsson, Ö.; Aisberg, T.; Egebäck, A. L.; Reddy, C. M.; Xu, L.; Klanova, J.; Holoubek, I.; Stephanou, E. G. Contribution of biomass burning to atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at three European background sites. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 2976-2982.
18. Pankow, J. F.; Bidleman, T. F. Interdependence of the slopes and intercepts from log-log correlations of measured gas-particle partitioning and vapor pressure-1. Theory and analysis of available data. Atmos. Environ. A 1992, 26, 1071-1080.
19. Yamasaki, H. K.; Kawata, Y.; Miyamoto, H. Effects of ambient temperature on aspects of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1982, 16, 189-194.
20. Goss, K. U.; Schwarzenbach, R. P. Gas/Solid and Gas/liquid partition of organic compounds: Critical evaluation of the interpretation equilibrium constants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 2025-2032.
21. Yamasaki, H.; Kuwata, K.; Kuge, Y. Determination of vapor pressure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the supercooled liquid phase and their adsorption on airborne particulate matter. Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1984, 8, 1324-1329
22. (Chem Abstr. 1984, 101, 156747).
23. Pankow, J. F. Review and comparative analysis of the theories on partitioning between the gas and aerosol particulate phases in the atmosphere. Atmos. Environ. 1987, 21, 2275-2283.
24. Simcik, M. F.; Franz, T. P.; Zhang, H.; Eisenreich, S. J. Gas-particle partitioning of PCBs and PAHs in the Chicago Urban and Adjacent coastal Atmosphere: States of Equilibrium. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 251-257.
25. Wania, F.; Haugen, J. E.; Lei, Y. D.; Mackay, D. Temperature dependence of atmospheric concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1998, 32, 1013-1021.
26. Sofuoglu, A.; Odabasi, M.; Tasdemir, Y.; Khalili, N. R; Holsen, T. M. Temperature dependence of gas-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticide concentrations in Chicago air. Atmos. Environ. 2001, 35, 6503-6510.
27. Mandalakis, M.; Stephanou, E. G. Study of atmospheric PCB concentrations over the eastern Mediterranean Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 2002, 107, 4716.
28. Alebic-Juretic, A.; Cvitas, T.; Klasinc, L. Heterogeneous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation with ozone on silica gel carrier. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1990, 24, 62-66.
29. Gustafson, K. E.; Dickhut, R. M. Particle/Gas concentrations and distributions of PAHs in the atmosphere of Southern Chesapeake Bay. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 140-147.
30. Seinfeld, J. H.; Pandis, S. N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: Air Pollution to Climate; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1998.
31. Tsapakis, M. Study of the atmospheric physical-chemical and transport processes governing the budget of PAHs in the eastern Mediterranean basin, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Crete, Greece, 2003.
32. Simcik, M. F.; Zhang, H.; Eisenreich, S. J.; Franz, T. P. Urban contamination of Chicago/Coastal Lake Michigan atmosphere by PCBs and PAHs during AEOLOS. Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 2141-2147.