Service production and intellectual property

International Journal of Services, Technology and Management

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 37-57

  Miles, Ian ^a   Andersen, Birgitte ^a   Boden, Mark ^a   Howells, Jeremy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Innovation; Intellectual Property; Knowledge based economy; Services

Indexed keywords

INFORMATION USE; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY; KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS; PATENTS AND INVENTIONS;

DIFFERENT SIZES; INNOVATION PROCESS; INNOVATION TRAJECTORIES; INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS; KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY; KNOWLEDGE INTENSIVE BUSINESS SERVICES; SERVICE INNOVATION; SERVICES;

SERVICE INDUSTRY;

EID: 24644492546     PISSN: 14606720     EISSN: 1741525X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1504/IJSTM.2000.001564     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. See, for example, Noble, D. F. (1979) America by Design: Science, Technology, and the Rise of Corporate Capitalism Alfred A. Knopf, New York; Sullivan, R. J. (1989) 'England's 'age of invention': the acceleration of patents and patentable invention during the industrial revolution' Explorations in Economic History, Vol. 26, pp. 424-452.
2. Teece, D. J. (1987) 'Profiting from technological innovation', in Teece, D. J. (Ed.) The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal, Ballinger, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 185-219.
3. US Copyright Office (1997) US Copyright Office Home Page http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright/ (including clickable pages therefrom, October 1997).
4. World Intellectual Property Organization (1987) Intellectual Property and Computers, WO/INF/11, World Intellectual Property Organization Geneva.
5. Braunstein, Y. M. (1989) 'Economics of intellectual property rights in the international arena', Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp. 12-16, p12.
6. OECD (1993) Frascati Manual - 1993 - Proposed Standard Practice for Surveys of Research and Experimental Development Paris, OECD.
7. Eisenschitz, T. S. (1986) 'Intellectual property: regulation of useable information', ASLIB Proceedings, Vol. 38, No. 8, pp. 263-67, p. 263.
8. World Intellectual Property Organization (1987) Intellectual Property and Computers WO/INF/11, World Intellectual Property Organization Geneva, pp22-23
9. Another factor has been the increased outsourcing and externalization of R&D activities formerly undertaken 'in-house' within manufacturing firms and now provided externally by specialist research and technology service companies - see Howells, J. (1997) 'Research and Technology Outsourcing', CRIC Discussion Paper No. 6, Centre for Research on Innovation and Competition, University of Manchester, available online at http://les.man. ac.uk/cric
10. Cheung, S. N. S. (1986) 'Property rights and invention', in Palmer, J. (Ed.) Research in Law and Economics: The Economics of Patents and Copyrights, Vol. 8, pp. 5-18, p. 6.
11. For a discussion of alternative rationales for IPR systems relevant to this discussion, see Andersen, H. B. and Howells, J. (1998) 'Innovation dynamics in services: intellectual property rights as indicators and shaping systems in innovation', University of Manchester, Centre for Research on Innovation and Competition: CRIC Discussion Paper No. 8, available online at http://les.man. ac.uk/cric
12. Compiled from US Patent and Trademark Office and the US Library of Congress sources, namely http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/doc/general/what-is-a-patent.html; and http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright/circs/circ01.html#wwp.
13. Carey, J. (1994) 'Inching towards a borderless patent', Business Week 3373-703, p. 31;
14. Government Accounting Office (1993) Intellectual Property Rights, US Companies' Patent Experience in Japan GAO/GGD-93-126, US Government Accounting Office, US Congress, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C.
15. Howells, J. and Neary, I. (1995) Intervention and Technological Innovation: Government and the Pharmaceutical Industry in the UK and Japan, Macmillan, London, p. 165.
16. Cameron, H. (1997) 'International collaborative R&D and Intellectual Property Rights', PREST, University of Manchester, Report to the Directorate of Science, Technology and Industry, OECD, Paris.
17. Winter, S. (1987) 'Knowledge and competence as strategic assets' in Teece, D. (Eds.) The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal, Ballinger, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 159-83;
18. Prahalad, C. and Hamel, G. (1990) 'The core competence of the corporation', Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68, pp. 79-91.
19. Sieghart, A. (1982) 'Information technology and intellectual property, ' European Intellectual Property Review, Vol. 7, pp. 187-88.
20. Sundbo, J. (1997) 'Innovation in services in Denmark', Working Paper No. 2, from the project Service Development, Internationalization and Competences, Danish SI4S WP3-4 Report, Roskilde University, October 1997;
21. Sundbo, J. (1998) 'Standardization vs. customization in service innovations', Working Paper for Danish SI4S WP3-4 Report, Roskilde University June 1998.
22. Licht, G. et al (1997) Results of the German Service-Sector Innovation Survey, Mannheim, ZEW; Karlsruhe, ISI - especially pp. 75-78.
23. Sirilli, G. and Evangelista, R. (1998) 'Technological innovation in services and manufacturing: results from Italian surveys', Paper presented at Systems and Services innovation Workshop, CRIC, University of Manchester, 17-18 March 1998.
24. Miles, I. (1996) Innovation in Services: Services in Innovation, Manchester, Manchester Statistical Society.
25. Taylor, C. T. and Silberston, Z. A. (1973) The Economic Impact of the Patent System: A Study of the British Experience, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 296.
26. OECD (1985) Software: An Emerging Industry ICCP Series No. 9, OECD, Paris.
27. Bainbridge, D. (1996) Intellectual Property Third Edition, Pitman, London, p. 177.
28. On the nature and roles of KIBS, see Miles, I., Kastrinos, N., Flanagan, K., Bilderbeek, R., den Hertog, P., Huntink, W. and Bouman, M. (1995) Knowledge-Intensive Business Services: Users, Carriers and Sources of Innovation, EIMS Publication No. 15, Innovation Program, Directorate General for Telecommunications, Information Market and Exploitation of Research, Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
29. Full details of the survey, and extensive tabulations of results, are provided in Miles I. and Shearn P. (1999 forthcoming) IPR in KBS, PREST Working Paper, University of Manchester.
30. A small number of case studies were conducted in each sector, typically with the bias toward firms who appeared to be consciously grappling with IP issues. In addition interviews were held with relevant academics and industry commentators. Related work was also carried out which drew from and input into the project's IP concerns. Thus K. Flanagan and Miles, I. (1997) 'Multimedia in the melting pot: moulding products and shaping frameworks', presented at COST A4 International Conference on Social Shaping of Multimedia, Edinburgh, 28-29 June 1997 looked at alliances and strategies around IP in multimedia.
31. Lundvall, B-A (1998) 'Technology policy in the learning economy' in Archibugi, D. Howells, J, and Michie, J. (Eds.) Innovation Systems in a Global Economy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
32. Miles, I. (1998) 'Environmental services and European regulation', Paper presented at Europeanization and the Regulation of Risk, Science Policy Support Group 'European Context of UK Science', User Conference at LSE, London, 27 March 1998.
33. See Patel, P. and Pavitt, K. (1995) 'Patterns of technological activity: their measurement and interpretation', in Stoneman, P. (Ed.) Handbook of the Economics of Innovation and Technological Change, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, pp. 14-51 - especially p. 45.