메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 9, 2005, Pages 557-562

Visuoperceptual processing in Parkinson's disease: From the retina to the frontal cortex;Proceso visuoperceptivo en la enfermedad de Parkinson: De la retina a la corteza frontal

Author keywords

Cognitive disorders; Neuropsychology; Parkinson's disease; Perceptive disorders; Visual cortex; Visual perception

Indexed keywords

COGNITIVE DEFECT; DEPTH PERCEPTION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; FRONTAL CORTEX; HUMAN; LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PARKINSON DISEASE; PERCEPTION DISORDER; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; RETINA; REVIEW; STRIATE CORTEX; THALAMUS; VISUAL CORTEX; BRAIN CORTEX; CLASSIFICATION; HISTOLOGY; META ANALYSIS; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; VISION;

EID: 24644454431     PISSN: 02100010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.33588/rn.4009.2004568     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (6)

References (93)
  • 1
    • 0031682676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical aspects of Parkinson's disease
    • Hornykiewicz O. Biochemical aspects of Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1998; 51 (Suppl 2): S2-9.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Hornykiewicz, O.1
  • 3
    • 0026588604 scopus 로고
    • Frequency and cause of Parkinson's disease
    • Rajput AH. Frequency and cause of Parkinson's disease. Can J Neurol Sci 1992; 19 (Suppl 1): S103-7.
    • (1992) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.19 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Rajput, A.H.1
  • 4
    • 1342326297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival time, mortality, and cause of death in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease: A 9-year follow-up
    • Fall PA, Saleh A, Fredrickson M, Olsson JE, Granerus AK. Survival time, mortality, and cause of death in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease: a 9-year follow-up. Mov Disord 2003; 18: 1312-6.
    • (2003) Mov Disord , vol.18 , pp. 1312-1316
    • Fall, P.A.1    Saleh, A.2    Fredrickson, M.3    Olsson, J.E.4    Granerus, A.K.5
  • 5
    • 17744363869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alteraciones Neuropsicológicas en la enfermedad de Parkinson: Evaluación e impacto sobre el cuidador
    • Martínez-Martín P, Guerrero-Díaz MT, Frades-Payo B. Alteraciones Neuropsicológicas en la enfermedad de Parkinson: Evaluación e impacto sobre el cuidador. Rev Neurol 2004; 39: 639-45.
    • (2004) Rev Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 639-645
    • Martínez-Martín, P.1    Guerrero-Díaz, M.T.2    Frades-Payo, B.3
  • 8
    • 0021677045 scopus 로고
    • How common is dementia in Parkinson's disease?
    • Brown RG, Marsden CD. How common is dementia in Parkinson's disease? Lancet 1984; 2: 1262-5.
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 1262-1265
    • Brown, R.G.1    Marsden, C.D.2
  • 9
    • 0002240163 scopus 로고
    • Demencia y deterioro cognitivo en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Análisis de una serie evolutiva
    • Bermejo F, Pondal M, Del Ser T. Demencia y deterioro cognitivo en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Análisis de una serie evolutiva. Rev Clin Esp 1990; 186: 518.
    • (1990) Rev Clin Esp , vol.186 , pp. 518
    • Bermejo, F.1    Pondal, M.2    Del Ser, T.3
  • 10
    • 0025728613 scopus 로고
    • Dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease; prevalence and relationship with symptoms and signs of Parkinsonism
    • Ebmeier KP, Calder SA, Crawford JR. Dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease; prevalence and relationship with symptoms and signs of Parkinsonism. Psychol Med 1991; 21: 69-76.
    • (1991) Psychol Med , vol.21 , pp. 69-76
    • Ebmeier, K.P.1    Calder, S.A.2    Crawford, J.R.3
  • 12
    • 0020683343 scopus 로고
    • Intellectual dysfunction and dementia in Parkinson disease
    • Mayeux R, Stern Y. Intellectual dysfunction and dementia in Parkinson disease. Adv Neurol 1983; 38: 211-27.
    • (1983) Adv Neurol , vol.38 , pp. 211-227
    • Mayeux, R.1    Stern, Y.2
  • 13
    • 0020577595 scopus 로고
    • Perceptual motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: A deficit in sequential and predictive voluntary movement
    • Stern Y, Mayeux R, Rosen J, Ilson J. Perceptual motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a deficit in sequential and predictive voluntary movement. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 1983; 46: 145-51.
    • (1983) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr , vol.46 , pp. 145-151
    • Stern, Y.1    Mayeux, R.2    Rosen, J.3    Ilson, J.4
  • 14
    • 0021260072 scopus 로고
    • Visuospatial impairment in Parkinson's disease: Role of perceptual and motor factors
    • Boller F, Passafiume D, Keefe NC, Rogers K, Morrow L, Kim Y. Visuospatial impairment in Parkinson's disease: Role of perceptual and motor factors. Arch Neurol 1984; 41: 485-90.
    • (1984) Arch Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 485-490
    • Boller, F.1    Passafiume, D.2    Keefe, N.C.3    Rogers, K.4    Morrow, L.5    Kim, Y.6
  • 15
    • 0028802944 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analytic comparison of the components of visual cognition in Parkinson's disease
    • Waterfall ML, Crowe SF. Meta-analytic comparison of the components of visual cognition in Parkinson's disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1995; 17: 759-772.
    • (1995) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.17 , pp. 759-772
    • Waterfall, M.L.1    Crowe, S.F.2
  • 16
    • 0001172230 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease
    • Boller F, Grafman J, eds, New York: Elsevier;
    • Dubois B, Boller F, Pillon B, Agid Y. Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease. In Boller F, Grafman J, eds. Handbook of Neuropsychology. New York: Elsevier; 1991.
    • (1991) Handbook of Neuropsychology
    • Dubois, B.1    Boller, F.2    Pillon, B.3    Agid, Y.4
  • 17
    • 0023901515 scopus 로고
    • An estimate of the prevalence of dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease
    • Mayeux R, Stern Y, Rosenstein R, Marder K, Hauser A, Cote L, et al. An estimate of the prevalence of dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Arch Neurol 1988; 45: 260-2.
    • (1988) Arch Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 260-262
    • Mayeux, R.1    Stern, Y.2    Rosenstein, R.3    Marder, K.4    Hauser, A.5    Cote, L.6
  • 18
    • 0026751822 scopus 로고
    • A population-based investigation of Parkinson's disease with and without dementia. Relationship to age and gender
    • Mayeux R, Denaro J, Hemenegildo N, Marder K, Tang MX, Cote LJ, et al. A population-based investigation of Parkinson's disease with and without dementia. Relationship to age and gender. Arch Neurol 1992; 49: 492-7.
    • (1992) Arch Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 492-497
    • Mayeux, R.1    Denaro, J.2    Hemenegildo, N.3    Marder, K.4    Tang, M.X.5    Cote, L.J.6
  • 20
    • 0034813688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deterioro cognitivo en la enfermedad de Parkinson
    • Perea-Bartolomé MV. Deterioro cognitivo en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Rev Neurol 2001; 12: 1182-7.
    • (2001) Rev Neurol , vol.12 , pp. 1182-1187
    • Perea-Bartolomé, M.V.1
  • 21
    • 0037119556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Déficit neuropsicoló gicos en la enfermedad de Parkinson: Relación con variables clínicas
    • Sánchez-Rodríguez JL. Déficit neuropsicoló gicos en la enfermedad de Parkinson: relación con variables clínicas. Rev Neurol 2002; 35: 310-7.
    • (2002) Rev Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 310-317
    • Sánchez-Rodríguez, J.L.1
  • 22
    • 0023210582 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease
    • Growdon JH, Corkin S. Cognitive impairments in Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol 1987; 45: 383-92.
    • (1987) Adv Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 383-392
    • Growdon, J.H.1    Corkin, S.2
  • 23
    • 0034673843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Características neuropsicológicas de la enfermedad de Parkinson
    • Ostrosky-Solis F. Características neuropsicológicas de la enfermedad de Parkinson. Rev Neurol 2000; 30: 788-96.
    • (2000) Rev Neurol , vol.30 , pp. 788-796
    • Ostrosky-Solis, F.1
  • 24
    • 0017088667 scopus 로고
    • Parkinsonism: Alterations in spatial orientation as determined by a route-walking test
    • Bowen FP, Hoehn MM, Yahr MD. Parkinsonism: alterations in spatial orientation as determined by a route-walking test. Neuropsychologia 1976; 14: 425-9.
    • (1976) Neuropsychologia , vol.14 , pp. 425-429
    • Bowen, F.P.1    Hoehn, M.M.2    Yahr, M.D.3
  • 25
    • 0019744446 scopus 로고
    • Asymmetrical cognitive deterioration in demented and Parkinson patients
    • Bentin S, Silverberg R, Gordon H. Asymmetrical cognitive deterioration in demented and Parkinson patients. Cortex 1981; 17: 537-44.
    • (1981) Cortex , vol.17 , pp. 537-544
    • Bentin, S.1    Silverberg, R.2    Gordon, H.3
  • 27
    • 0020077835 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of motor symptoms to intellectual deficits in Parkinson's disease
    • Mortimer J, Pirozzolo F, Hansch E, Webster D. Relationship of motor symptoms to intellectual deficits in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1982; 32: 133-7.
    • (1982) Neurology , vol.32 , pp. 133-137
    • Mortimer, J.1    Pirozzolo, F.2    Hansch, E.3    Webster, D.4
  • 29
    • 0020577595 scopus 로고
    • Perceptual motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: A deficit in sequential and predictive voluntary movement
    • Stern Y, Mayeux R, Rosen J, Ilson J. Perceptual motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a deficit in sequential and predictive voluntary movement. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1983; 46: 145-51.
    • (1983) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 145-151
    • Stern, Y.1    Mayeux, R.2    Rosen, J.3    Ilson, J.4
  • 30
    • 0029445533 scopus 로고
    • Perceptual abnormalities in Parkinson's disease: Top-down or bottom-up processes?
    • Flowers KA, Robertson C. Perceptual abnormalities in Parkinson's disease: top-down or bottom-up processes? Perception 1995; 24: 1201-21.
    • (1995) Perception , vol.24 , pp. 1201-1221
    • Flowers, K.A.1    Robertson, C.2
  • 31
    • 0025302436 scopus 로고
    • Visual deficits related to dopamine deficiency in experimental animals and Parkinson's disease patients
    • Bodis-Wollner I. Visual deficits related to dopamine deficiency in experimental animals and Parkinson's disease patients. Trends Neurosci 1990; 13: 296-302.
    • (1990) Trends Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 296-302
    • Bodis-Wollner, I.1
  • 32
    • 0027361659 scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic modulation of visual sensitivity in man
    • Masson G, Mestre D, Blin O. Dopaminergic modulation of visual sensitivity in man. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1993; 7: 449-63.
    • (1993) Fundam Clin Pharmacol , vol.7 , pp. 449-463
    • Masson, G.1    Mestre, D.2    Blin, O.3
  • 34
    • 0022796585 scopus 로고
    • Visual evoked potentials in parkinsonism and dopamine blockade reveal a stimulus-dependent function in humans
    • Onofrj M, Ghilardi MF, Basciani M, Gambi D. Visual evoked potentials in parkinsonism and dopamine blockade reveal a stimulus-dependent function in humans. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986; 49: 1150-9.
    • (1986) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 1150-1159
    • Onofrj, M.1    Ghilardi, M.F.2    Basciani, M.3    Gambi, D.4
  • 35
    • 0028964535 scopus 로고
    • Review of the visual system in Parkinson's disease
    • Hunt LA, Sadun AA, Bassi CJ. Review of the visual system in Parkinson's disease. Optom Vis Sci 1995; 72: 92-9.
    • (1995) Optom Vis Sci , vol.72 , pp. 92-99
    • Hunt, L.A.1    Sadun, A.A.2    Bassi, C.J.3
  • 36
    • 0026563952 scopus 로고
    • Processing of spatial contrast in peripheral vision in Parkinson's disease
    • Harris JP, Calvert JE, Phillipson OT. Processing of spatial contrast in peripheral vision in Parkinson's disease. Brain 1992; 115: 1447-57.
    • (1992) Brain , vol.115 , pp. 1447-1457
    • Harris, J.P.1    Calvert, J.E.2    Phillipson, O.T.3
  • 37
    • 0023111427 scopus 로고
    • Orientation-selective visual loss in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Regan D, Maxner C. Orientation-selective visual loss in patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain 1987; 110: 415-32.
    • (1987) Brain , vol.110 , pp. 415-432
    • Regan, D.1    Maxner, C.2
  • 38
    • 0031436043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast detection, discrimination and adaptation in patients with Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy
    • Tebartz van Elst L, Greenlee MW, Foley JM, Lucking CH. Contrast detection, discrimination and adaptation in patients with Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy. Brain 1997; 120: 2219-28.
    • (1997) Brain , vol.120 , pp. 2219-2228
    • Tebartz van Elst, L.1    Greenlee, M.W.2    Foley, J.M.3    Lucking, C.H.4
  • 39
    • 0032602165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual and visual cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: Spatial and chromatic vision
    • Bodis-Wollner IG, Paulus W. Visual and visual cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: spatial and chromatic vision. Adv Neurol 1999; 80: 383-8.
    • (1999) Adv Neurol , vol.80 , pp. 383-388
    • Bodis-Wollner, I.G.1    Paulus, W.2
  • 40
    • 0032988198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eye movements and spatial working memory in Parkinson's disease
    • Hodgson T, Dittrich W, Henderson L, Kennard C. Eye movements and spatial working memory in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 1999; 37: 927-38.
    • (1999) Neuropsychologia , vol.37 , pp. 927-938
    • Hodgson, T.1    Dittrich, W.2    Henderson, L.3    Kennard, C.4
  • 41
    • 0036240577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perisaccadic occipital EEG changes quantified with wavelet analysis
    • Bodis-Wollner I, Von Gizycki H, Avitable M. Perisaccadic occipital EEG changes quantified with wavelet analysis. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 956: 464-7.
    • (2002) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.956 , pp. 464-467
    • Bodis-Wollner, I.1    Von Gizycki, H.2    Avitable, M.3
  • 42
    • 0002551772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual processing deficit in Parkinson disease
    • Koga Y, Nagata K, Hirata K, eds, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science;
    • Bodis-Wollner I, Tzelepi A, Sagliocco L. Visual processing deficit in Parkinson disease. In: Koga Y, Nagata K, Hirata K, eds. Brain topography today. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science; 1998. p. 606-11.
    • (1998) Brain topography today , pp. 606-611
    • Bodis-Wollner, I.1    Tzelepi, A.2    Sagliocco, L.3
  • 43
    • 0042661268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological and perceptual defects in Parkinson's disease
    • Bodis-Wollner I. Neuropsychological and perceptual defects in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2003; 9 (Suppl 2): S83-9.
    • (2003) Parkinsonism Relat Disord , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Bodis-Wollner, I.1
  • 44
    • 0033121183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual event-related potential changes at two different tasks in non-demented Parkinson's patients
    • Wang L, Kuroiwa Y, Kamikami T. Visual event-related potential changes at two different tasks in non-demented Parkinson's patients. J Neurol Sci 1999; 164: 139-47.
    • (1999) J Neurol Sci , vol.164 , pp. 139-147
    • Wang, L.1    Kuroiwa, Y.2    Kamikami, T.3
  • 45
    • 4244208152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in Parkinson's disease
    • Yamazaki K, ed, Amsterdam: Elsevier;
    • Kawabata K, Tachibana H, Kasama S. Cerebral blood flow and cognitive function in Parkinson's disease. In Yamazaki K, ed. Recent advances in human brain mapping. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2002. p. 583-6.
    • (2002) Recent advances in human brain mapping , pp. 583-586
    • Kawabata, K.1    Tachibana, H.2    Kasama, S.3
  • 47
    • 0020620542 scopus 로고
    • Object vision and spatial vision: Two cortical pathways
    • Mishkin M, Ungerleider LG, Macko KA. Object vision and spatial vision: Two cortical pathways. Trends Neurosci 1983; 6: 414-7.
    • (1983) Trends Neurosci , vol.6 , pp. 414-417
    • Mishkin, M.1    Ungerleider, L.G.2    Macko, K.A.3
  • 49
    • 0028842919 scopus 로고
    • Functional brain imaging studies of cortical mechanisms for memory
    • Ungerleider LG. Functional brain imaging studies of cortical mechanisms for memory. Science 1995; 270: 769-75.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 769-775
    • Ungerleider, L.G.1
  • 51
    • 0025992853 scopus 로고
    • Organization of visual inputs to the inferior temporal and posterior parietal cortex in macaques
    • Baizer JS, Ungerleider LG, Desimone R. Organization of visual inputs to the inferior temporal and posterior parietal cortex in macaques. J Neurosci 1991; 11: 168-90.
    • (1991) J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 168-190
    • Baizer, J.S.1    Ungerleider, L.G.2    Desimone, R.3
  • 52
    • 0028962114 scopus 로고
    • Corticostriatal connections of extrastriate visual areas in rhesus monkeys
    • Yeterian EH, Pandya DN. Corticostriatal connections of extrastriate visual areas in rhesus monkeys. J Comp Neurol 1995; 352: 436-57.
    • (1995) J Comp Neurol , vol.352 , pp. 436-457
    • Yeterian, E.H.1    Pandya, D.N.2
  • 53
    • 0025127876 scopus 로고
    • Organization of visual cortical inputs to the striatum and subsequent outputs to the pallidonigral complex in the monkey
    • Saint-Cyr JA, Ungerleider LG, Desimone R. Organization of visual cortical inputs to the striatum and subsequent outputs to the pallidonigral complex in the monkey. J Comp Neurol 1990; 298: 129-56.
    • (1990) J Comp Neurol , vol.298 , pp. 129-156
    • Saint-Cyr, J.A.1    Ungerleider, L.G.2    Desimone, R.3
  • 54
    • 0027237284 scopus 로고
    • Subcortical connections of inferior temporal areas TE and TEO in macaque monkeys
    • Webster MJ, Bachevalier J, Ungerleider LG. Subcortical connections of inferior temporal areas TE and TEO in macaque monkeys. J Comp Neurol 1993; 335: 73-91.
    • (1993) J Comp Neurol , vol.335 , pp. 73-91
    • Webster, M.J.1    Bachevalier, J.2    Ungerleider, L.G.3
  • 55
    • 0021348965 scopus 로고
    • Responses of striatal neurons in the behaving monkey. 2. Visual processing in the caudal neostriatum
    • Caan W, Perrett DI, Rolls ET. Responses of striatal neurons in the behaving monkey. 2. Visual processing in the caudal neostriatum. Brain Res 1984; 290: 53-65.
    • (1984) Brain Res , vol.290 , pp. 53-65
    • Caan, W.1    Perrett, D.I.2    Rolls, E.T.3
  • 56
    • 0029028098 scopus 로고
    • Responses of cells in the tail of the caudate nucleus during visual discrimination learning
    • Brown VJ, Desimone R, Mishkin M. Responses of cells in the tail of the caudate nucleus during visual discrimination learning. J Neurophysiol 1995; 74: 1083-94.
    • (1995) J Neurophysiol , vol.74 , pp. 1083-1094
    • Brown, V.J.1    Desimone, R.2    Mishkin, M.3
  • 57
    • 0014073057 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral effects of selective ablation of the caudate nucleus
    • Divac I, Rosvold HE, Szwarcbart MK. Behavioral effects of selective ablation of the caudate nucleus. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1967; 63: 184-90.
    • (1967) J Comp Physiol Psychol , vol.63 , pp. 184-190
    • Divac, I.1    Rosvold, H.E.2    Szwarcbart, M.K.3
  • 58
    • 0015158045 scopus 로고
    • Irrelevant tactics, caudate lesions, delayed response performance in squirrel monkeys
    • Woodburne LS. Irrelevant tactics, caudate lesions, delayed response performance in squirrel monkeys. Physiol Behav 1971; 7: 701-4.
    • (1971) Physiol Behav , vol.7 , pp. 701-704
    • Woodburne, L.S.1
  • 59
    • 0030950676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential activation of the caudate nucleus in primates performing spatial and nonspatial working memory tasks
    • Levy R, Friedman HR, Davachi L, Goldman-Rakic PS. Differential activation of the caudate nucleus in primates performing spatial and nonspatial working memory tasks. J Neurosci 1997; 17: 3870-82.
    • (1997) J Neurosci , vol.17 , pp. 3870-3882
    • Levy, R.1    Friedman, H.R.2    Davachi, L.3    Goldman-Rakic, P.S.4
  • 60
    • 0016308592 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ventral putamen lesions on discrimination learning by monkeys
    • Buerger AA, Gross CG, Rocha-Miranda CE. Effects of ventral putamen lesions on discrimination learning by monkeys. J Comp Physiol Psychol 1974; 86: 440-6.
    • (1974) J Comp Physiol Psychol , vol.86 , pp. 440-446
    • Buerger, A.A.1    Gross, C.G.2    Rocha-Miranda, C.E.3
  • 61
    • 0023837199 scopus 로고
    • Effect of stimulus orientation on contrast sensitivity in Parkinson's disease
    • Bulens C, Meerwaldt JD, Van der Wildt GJ. Effect of stimulus orientation on contrast sensitivity in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1988; 38: 76-81.
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 76-81
    • Bulens, C.1    Meerwaldt, J.D.2    Van der Wildt, G.J.3
  • 62
    • 0021257759 scopus 로고
    • Central dopaminergic pathways in hemiparkinsonism examined by positron emission tomography
    • Garnett ES, Nahmias C, Firnau G. Central dopaminergic pathways in hemiparkinsonism examined by positron emission tomography. Can J Neurol Sci 1984; 11: 174-9.
    • (1984) Can J Neurol Sci , vol.11 , pp. 174-179
    • Garnett, E.S.1    Nahmias, C.2    Firnau, G.3
  • 64
    • 0027467550 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between visuospatial ability and perceptual motor function in Parkinson's disease
    • Richards M, Cote LJ, Stern Y. The relationship between visuospatial ability and perceptual motor function in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993; 56: 400-6.
    • (1993) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.56 , pp. 400-406
    • Richards, M.1    Cote, L.J.2    Stern, Y.3
  • 65
    • 0030322860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basal ganglia and cerebellar output influences non-motor function
    • Middleton FA, Strick PL. Basal ganglia and cerebellar output influences non-motor function. Mol Psychiatry 1996; 1: 429-33.
    • (1996) Mol Psychiatry , vol.1 , pp. 429-433
    • Middleton, F.A.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 66
    • 0000156137 scopus 로고
    • Judgment of visual and postural vertical by parkinsonian patients
    • Proctor F, Riklan M, Cooper IS, Teuber HL. Judgment of visual and postural vertical by parkinsonian patients. Neurology 1964; 14: 287-93.
    • (1964) Neurology , vol.14 , pp. 287-293
    • Proctor, F.1    Riklan, M.2    Cooper, I.S.3    Teuber, H.L.4
  • 67
    • 0016441685 scopus 로고
    • Judgment of the visual vertical and horizontal in patients with Parkinsonism
    • Danta G, Hilton RC. Judgment of the visual vertical and horizontal in patients with Parkinsonism. Neurology 1975; 25: 43-7.
    • (1975) Neurology , vol.25 , pp. 43-47
    • Danta, G.1    Hilton, R.C.2
  • 69
  • 70
    • 0029062759 scopus 로고
    • Fractionation of visuoperceptual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
    • Jones RD, Donaldson IM. Fractionation of visuoperceptual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 1995; 131: 43-50.
    • (1995) J Neurol Sci , vol.131 , pp. 43-50
    • Jones, R.D.1    Donaldson, I.M.2
  • 71
    • 0031239421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visuospatial impairment and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson's disease: A quantitative assessment of the cube-copying task
    • Maeshima S, Itakura T, Nakagawa M, Nakai K, Komai N. Visuospatial impairment and activities of daily living in patients with Parkinson's disease: a quantitative assessment of the cube-copying task. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1997; 76: 383-8.
    • (1997) Am J Phys Med Rehabil , vol.76 , pp. 383-388
    • Maeshima, S.1    Itakura, T.2    Nakagawa, M.3    Nakai, K.4    Komai, N.5
  • 72
    • 0033022353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor correlates of occipital hypometabolism in PD without dementia
    • Bohnen N, Minoshima S, Giordani B, Frey K, Kuhl D. Motor correlates of occipital hypometabolism in PD without dementia. Neurology 1999; 52: 541-6.
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.52 , pp. 541-546
    • Bohnen, N.1    Minoshima, S.2    Giordani, B.3    Frey, K.4    Kuhl, D.5
  • 73
    • 0023098828 scopus 로고
    • Spatial disorientation as an early symptom of Parkinson's disease
    • Hovestadt A, De Jong G, Meerwaldt JD. Spatial disorientation as an early symptom of Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1987; 37: 485-7.
    • (1987) Neurology , vol.37 , pp. 485-487
    • Hovestadt, A.1    De Jong, G.2    Meerwaldt, J.D.3
  • 74
    • 0001535061 scopus 로고
    • Subcortical dementia and Parkinson's disease: What are the cognitive functions of the basal ganglia?
    • Wolters E, Scheltens P, eds, Amsterdam: ICG;
    • Dubois B, Pillon B, Malapani C, Deweer B, Vrin M, Partiaud A, et al. Subcortical dementia and Parkinson's disease: what are the cognitive functions of the basal ganglia? In Wolters E, Scheltens P, eds. Mental dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Amsterdam: ICG; 1995. p. 195-210.
    • (1995) Mental dysfunction in Parkinson's disease , pp. 195-210
    • Dubois, B.1    Pillon, B.2    Malapani, C.3    Deweer, B.4    Vrin, M.5    Partiaud, A.6
  • 75
    • 0025190099 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive function in Parkinson's disease: From description to theory
    • Brown RG, Marsden CD. Cognitive function in Parkinson's disease: from description to theory. Trends Neurosci 1990; 13: 21-9.
    • (1990) Trends Neurosci , vol.13 , pp. 21-29
    • Brown, R.G.1    Marsden, C.D.2
  • 76
    • 0031060220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease
    • Dubois B, Pillon B. Cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 1997; 244: 2-8.
    • (1997) J Neurol , vol.244 , pp. 2-8
    • Dubois, B.1    Pillon, B.2
  • 77
    • 0034117117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory for letters, shapes, and locations: FMRI evidence against stimulus-based regional organization in human prefrontal cortex
    • Nystrom LE, Braver TS, Sabb FW, Delgado MR, Noll DC, Cohen JD. Working memory for letters, shapes, and locations: fMRI evidence against stimulus-based regional organization in human prefrontal cortex. Neuroimage 2000; 11: 424-46.
    • (2000) Neuroimage , vol.11 , pp. 424-446
    • Nystrom, L.E.1    Braver, T.S.2    Sabb, F.W.3    Delgado, M.R.4    Noll, D.C.5    Cohen, J.D.6
  • 78
    • 0030905822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial, but not object, delayed response is impaired in early Parkinson's disease
    • Postle BR, Jonides J, Smith EE, Corkin S, Growdon JH. Spatial, but not object, delayed response is impaired in early Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychology 1997; 11: 171-9.
    • (1997) Neuropsychology , vol.11 , pp. 171-179
    • Postle, B.R.1    Jonides, J.2    Smith, E.E.3    Corkin, S.4    Growdon, J.H.5
  • 80
    • 0025993229 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment in early, untreated Parkinson's disease and its relationship to motor disability
    • Cooper JA, Sagar HJ, Jordan N, Harvey NS, Sullivan EV. Cognitive impairment in early, untreated Parkinson's disease and its relationship to motor disability. Brain 1991; 114: 2095-122.
    • (1991) Brain , vol.114 , pp. 2095-2122
    • Cooper, J.A.1    Sagar, H.J.2    Jordan, N.3    Harvey, N.S.4    Sullivan, E.V.5
  • 82
    • 0025597952 scopus 로고
    • Patients with early Parkinson's disease are not impaired on spatial orientating of attention
    • Sharpe MH. Patients with early Parkinson's disease are not impaired on spatial orientating of attention. Cortex 1990; 26: 515-24.
    • (1990) Cortex , vol.26 , pp. 515-524
    • Sharpe, M.H.1
  • 83
    • 34548043332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slowing of reaction time in Parkinson's disease: The involvement of the frontal lobes
    • Berry EL, Nicolson RI, Foster JK, Behrmann M, Sagar HJ. Slowing of reaction time in Parkinson's disease: the involvement of the frontal lobes. Neuropsychologia 1999; 26: 676-84.
    • (1999) Neuropsychologia , vol.26 , pp. 676-684
    • Berry, E.L.1    Nicolson, R.I.2    Foster, J.K.3    Behrmann, M.4    Sagar, H.J.5
  • 84
    • 0026646648 scopus 로고
    • Set-shifting and spatial orientation in patients with Parkinson's disease
    • Raskin SA, Borod JC, Tweedy JR. Set-shifting and spatial orientation in patients with Parkinson's disease. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1992; 14: 801-21.
    • (1992) J Clin Exp Neuropsychol , vol.14 , pp. 801-821
    • Raskin, S.A.1    Borod, J.C.2    Tweedy, J.R.3
  • 85
    • 0027438571 scopus 로고
    • Side of onset of motor symptoms influences cognition in Parkinson's disease
    • Tomer R, Levin BE, Weiner WJ. Side of onset of motor symptoms influences cognition in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 1993; 34: 579-84.
    • (1993) Ann Neurol , vol.34 , pp. 579-584
    • Tomer, R.1    Levin, B.E.2    Weiner, W.J.3
  • 86
    • 0025277135 scopus 로고
    • Deficits on visuospatial tests involving forward planning in high-functioning Parkinsonians
    • Ogden JA, Growdon JH, Corkin S. Deficits on visuospatial tests involving forward planning in high-functioning Parkinsonians. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 1990; 3: 125-39.
    • (1990) Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol , vol.3 , pp. 125-139
    • Ogden, J.A.1    Growdon, J.H.2    Corkin, S.3
  • 87
    • 0023018915 scopus 로고
    • Visuospatial function in Parkinson's disease
    • Brown RG, Marsden CD. Visuospatial function in Parkinson's disease. Brain 1986; 109: 987-1002.
    • (1986) Brain , vol.109 , pp. 987-1002
    • Brown, R.G.1    Marsden, C.D.2
  • 92
    • 0030660467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The time course of spatial and object learning in Parkinson's disease
    • Postle BR, Locascio JJ, Corkin S, Growdon JH. The time course of spatial and object learning in Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 1997; 35: 1413-22.
    • (1997) Neuropsychologia , vol.35 , pp. 1413-1422
    • Postle, B.R.1    Locascio, J.J.2    Corkin, S.3    Growdon, J.H.4
  • 93
    • 0029349165 scopus 로고
    • The neuropsychology of Parkinson's disease
    • Taylor AE, Saint-Cyr JA. The neuropsychology of Parkinson's disease. Brain Cogn 1995; 28: 281-96.
    • (1995) Brain Cogn , vol.28 , pp. 281-296
    • Taylor, A.E.1    Saint-Cyr, J.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.