Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) healing: ACL graft biology

Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review

Volumn 13, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 156-160

  Tohyama, Harukazu ^a   Yasuda, Kazunori ^a  

^a HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); Biology; Fibroblast; Growth factor; Ligament reconstruction; Tendon graft

Indexed keywords

INTEGRIN; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR; VASCULOTROPIN; VERY LATE ACTIVATION ANTIGEN 5;

ANGIOGENESIS; ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RUPTURE; CELL INFILTRATION; CELL INVASION; CELL MIGRATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CYTOSKELETON; FIBROBLAST; HUMAN; LIGAMENT SURGERY; NECROSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVASCULARIZATION; REVIEW; TENDON GRAFT;

EID: 24644447315     PISSN: 10628592     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.jsa.0000172091.17401.91     Document Type: Review

References (34)

1. Oakes BW. Collagen ultrastructure in the normal ACL and in ACL graft. In Jackson DW, ed. The Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Current and Future Concepts. New York: Raven Press; 1993:209-17.
2. Delay BS, McGrath BE, Mindell ER. Observation on a retrieved patellar tendon autograft used to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002;84:1433-1438.
3. Arnoczky SP, Tarvin GB, Marshall JL. Anterior cruciate ligament replacement using patellar tendon. An evaluation of graft revascularization in the dog. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:217-224.
4. Amiel D, Kleiner JB, Akeson WH. The natural history of the anterior cruciate ligament autograft of patellar tendon origin. Am J Sports Med. 1986;14:449-462.
5. Ballock RT, Woo SL, Lyon RM, et al. Use of patellar tendon autograft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the rabbit: a long-term histologic and biomechanical study. J Orthop Res. 1989;7:474-485.
6. Grana WA, Egle DM, Mahnken R, et al. An analysis of autograft fixation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a rabbit model. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22:344-351.
7. Butler DL, Grood ES, Noyes FR, et al. Mechanical properties of primate vascularized vs. nonvascularized patellar tendon grafts; changes over time. J Orthop Res. 1989;7:68-79.
8. Yamagishi T, Fujii K, Roppongi S, et al. Blood flow measurement in reconstructed anterior cruciate ligaments using laser Doppler flowmetry. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 1998;6:160-164.
9. Shino K, Inoue M, Horibe S, et al. Surface blood flow and histology of human anterior cruciate ligament allografts. Arthroscopy. 1991;7:171-176.
10. Böhle A, Kalthoff H. Molecular mechanisms of tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 1998;384:133-140.
11. Senger DR, Galli SJ, Dvorak AM, et al. Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascitis fluid. Science. 1983;219:983-985.
12. Paleolog EM, Young S, Stark AC, et al. Modulation of angionenic vascular endothelial growth factor by tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41:1258-1265.
13. 189 of vascular endothelial growth factor are expressed in osteoarthritic cartilage. Arthitis Rheum. 2002;44:1082-1088.
14. Pufe T, Petersen W, Tillmann B, et al. Detection of the vascular endothelial growth factor in fetal, degenerative and normal human tendons. Virchows Arch. 2001;439:355-359.
15. Bidder M, Towler DA, Gelberman RH, et al. Expression of mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor at the repair site of healing canine flexor tendon. J Orthop Res. 2000;18:247-252.
16. Ben-Av P, Crofford LJ, Wilder RL, et al. Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in synovial fibroblasts by prostaglandin E and interleukin-1: a potential mechanism for inflammatory angiogenesis. FEBS Lett. 1995;18:83-87.
17. Yoshikawa T, Tohyama H, Enomoto H, et al. Temporal changes in relationships between fibroblast repopulation, VEGF expression and angiogenesis in the patellar tendon graft after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Transaction of 50th the Annual Meeting of Orthopaedic Research Society: 2004;29:236.
18. Petersen W, Unterhauser F, Pufe T, et al. The angiogenic peptide vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is expressed during the remodeling of free tendon grafts in sheep. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2003;123:168-174.
19. Amiel D, Nagineni CN, Choi SH, et al. Intrinsic properties of ACL and MCL cells and their responses to growth factors. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27:844-851.
20. Hannafin JA, Attia ET, Warren RF, et al. Characterization of chemotactic migration and growth kinetics of canine knee ligament fibroblasts. J Orthop Res. 1999;17:398-404.
21. Suzuki K, Attia ET, Hannafin JA, et al. The effects of cytokines on the migration of fibroblasts derived from different regions of the canine shoulder capsule. J Shoulder Elbow. Surg. 2001;10:62-67.
22. Gesink DS, Pacheco HO, Kuiper SD, et al. Immunohistochemical localization of the beta 1-integrins in anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments of human and rabbit. J Orthop Res. 1992;10:596-599.
23. Schreck PJ, Kitabayashi LR, Amiel D, et al. Integrin display increases in the wounded rabbit medial collateral ligament but not the wounded anterior cruciate ligament. J Orthop Res. 1995;13:174-183.
24. Pacheco HO, Gesink DS, Woods VL, et al. Integrin and fibronectin isoform expression in cultured rabbit anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament fibroblasts. In: Transactions of the Combined Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Societies of USA, Japan, and Canada. Calgary, Canada of the Orthopaedic Research Societies; 1991:102.
25. Bhargava MM, Beavis AJ, Edberg JC, et al. Differential expression of integrin subunits in canine knee ligament fibroblasts. J Orthop Res. 1999; 17:748-754.
26. Hynes RO. Integrins: versatility, modulation, and signaling in cell adhesion. Cell. 1992;69:11-25.
27. Tohyama H, Ohno K, Yamamoto N, et al. Stress-strain characteristics of in situ frozen and stress-shielded rabbit patellar tendon. Clin. Biomechanics. 1992;7:226-230.
28. Ohno K, Yasuda K, Yamamoto N, et al. Effects of complete stress-shielding on the mechanical properties and histology of in situ frozen patellar tendon. J Orthop Res. 1993;11:592-602.
29. Ikema Y, Tohyama H, Nakamura H, et al. Comparisons of biological characteristics between extrinsic and normal fibroblasts derived from the patellar tendon infiltrative and proliferative abilities and integrin expression. Transaction of 50th the Annual Meeting of Orthopaedic Research Society; 2003:28:148.
30. Schaffer MR, Tantry U, Ahrendt GM, et al. Stimulation of fibroblast proliferation and matrix contraction by wound fluid. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 1997;29:231-239.
31. King GJ, Edwards P, Brant RF, et al. Freezing influences the healing of rabbit medial collateral ligament autograft. Clin Orthop. 1995;316:244-253.
32. Shino K, Inoue M, Horibe S, et al. Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament using allogeneic tendon. Long-term follow up. Am J Sports Med. 1990;18:457-465.
33. Ruoslahti E, Pierschbacher MD. New perspective in cell adhesion. Science. 1987;238:491-497.
34. Akiyama SK, Yamada SS, Chen WT, et al. Analysis of fibronectin receptor function with monoclonal antibodies: roles in cell adhesion, migration, matrix assembly, and cytoskeletal organization. J Cell Biol. 1989;109:863-875.