Quantitative assessment of the removal of indicator bacteria in full-scale treatment plants

Water Science and Technology: Water Supply

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 47-54

  Hijnen, W A M ^a   Medema, G J ^a   Van Der Kooij, D ^a  

^a KWR WATERCYCLE RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Elimination capacity; Full scale processes; Indicator bacteria; Large volume sampling; Process optimisation; Quantitative microbial risk assessment

Indexed keywords

OPTIMIZATION; POTABLE WATER; PROCESS CONTROL; RISK ASSESSMENT; WATER TREATMENT PLANTS;

FULL-SCALE TREATMENT PROCESS; MICROBIAL RISK ASSESMENTS;

BACTERIA;

DRINKING WATER;

BACTERIUM; DRINKING WATER; POLLUTANT REMOVAL; WATER TREATMENT;

CLOSTRIDIUM; COLIFORM BACTERIUM; CONFERENCE PAPER; HEAT TOLERANCE; PROCESS CONTROL; WATER SAMPLING; WATER TREATMENT;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CLOSTRIDIA; CLOSTRIDIUM;

EID: 2442718811     PISSN: 16069749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2166/ws.2004.0027     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (17)

1. Eijkman, C. (1904). Die Gärungsprobe bei 46°C als Hilfsmittel bei der Trinkwasseruntersuchung. Zentralbl. F. Bakt. I. Abt. Originale 37(5), 742-752.
2. Craun, G.F., Berger, P.S. and Calderon, R.L. (1997). Coliform bacteria and waterborne disease outbreaks. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 89(3), 96-104.
3. Haas, C.N. (1983). Estimation of risk due to low doses of micro-organisms: comparison of alternative methodologies. Am. J. Epidemiol. 118(4), 573-582.
4. Hashimoto, A., Hirata, T. and Kunikane, S. (2000). Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in a conventional water purification plant. Wat. Sci. Tech. 43(12), 89-92.
5. Hijnen, W.A.M., Van der Speld, W.M.H., Houtepen, F.A.P. and Van der Kooij, D. (1997). Spores of sulfite-reducing clostridia: a surrogate parameter for assessing the effects of water treatment on protozoan oocysts? In: 1997 International Symposium on Waterborne Cryptosporidium, C.R. Fricker, J.L. Clancy and P.A. Rochelle (eds), American Water Works Association, Denver USA, pp. 115-126.
6. Hijnen, W.A.M., Veenendaal, D., Van der Speld, W.M.H., Visser, A., Hoogenboezem, W. and Van der Kooij, D. (2000). Enumeration of faecal indicator bacteria in large water volumes using on site membrane filtration to assess water treatment efficiency. Wat. Res. 34(5), 1659-1665.
7. Hijnen, W.A.M., Bosklopper, Th.G.J., Hofman, J.A.M.H., Bosch, A.D. and Medema, G.J. (2001). Improvement of the disinfection efficiency of the full-scale ozonation of the River-lake waterworks of Amsterdam Water Supply. In Proceedings: Int. Ozone Assoc. Congress, 2001, London.
8. LeChevallier, M.W., Norton, W.D. and Lee, R.G. (1991) Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in filtered drinking water supplies. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57(9), 2617-2621.
9. Medema, G.J., Bahar, M. and Schets, F.M. (1997). Survival of Cryptosporidium parvum, Escherichia coli, faecal enterococci and Clostridium perfringens in river water. Wat. Sci. Technol. 35(11):249-252.
10. Medema, G.J. (1999) Cryptosporidium and Giardia: new challenges to the water industry. PhD thesis, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
11. Medema, G.J., Hoogenboezem, W., Van der Veer, A.J., Ketelaars, H.A.M., Hijnen, W.A.M. and Nobel, P.J. (2003). Quantitative risk assessment of Cryptosporidium in surface water treatment. Wat. Sci. Tech. 47(3), 241-247
12. Nieminski, E.C. and Ongerth, J.E. (1995). Removing Giardia and Cryptosporidium by conventional treatment and direct filtration. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 87(9), 96-106.
13. Payment, P. and Franco, E. (1993). Clostridium perfringens and somatic coliphages as indicators of the efficiency of drinking water treatment for viruses and protozoan cysts. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59(8): 2418-2424.
14. Regli, S., Rose, J.B., Haas, C.N. and Gerba, C.P. (1991). Modelling the risk from Giardia and viruses in drinking water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 83, 76-84.
15. Teunis, P.F.M., Medema, G.J., Kruidenier, L. and Havelaar, A.H. (1997). Assessment of the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium or Giardia in drinking water from a surface water source. Wat. Res. 31(16), 1333-1346.
16. Van der Kooij, D., Drost, Y.C., Hijnen, W.A.M., Willemsen-Zwaagstra, J., Nobel, P.J., and Schellart, J.A. (1994). Multiple barriers against micro-organisms in water treatment and distribution in The Netherlands. Wat. Supply 13,13-23.
17. VROM, 2001. Waterleidingbesluit (Drinking Water Decree). Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment, The Hague, The Netherlands.