Black Holes of the Bahamas: What they are and why they are black

Quaternary International

Volumn 121, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 3-11

  Schwabe, Stephanie ^a   Herbert, Rodney A ^b  

^a Rob Palmer Blue Holes Foundation   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAVE SYSTEM; COASTAL LANDFORM; SALINITY; SEAWATER;

ATLANTIC ISLANDS; ATLANTIC OCEAN; BAHAMAS; CARIBBEAN ISLANDS;

EID: 2442695669     PISSN: 10406182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2004.01.019     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. American Public Health Association, 1975. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 14th Edition. American Public Health Association Inc., Washington.
2. Bernard C. Fenchel T. Mats of colourless sulphur bacteria: structure, composition of biota and successional patterns Marine Ecology Progress Series 128 1995 171-179
3. Boss, S.K., 1991. Bahamian "whitings" as turbulent flow phenomena. In: Bain, R.J. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, College Center of the Finger Lakes (CCFL) Bahamian Field Station, San Salvador Island, Bahamas, pp. 23-36.
4. Brune A. Fenzel P. Cypionka H. Life at the oxic-anoxic interface: microbial activities and adaptations Federation of European Microbiology Studies, Microbiology Reviews 24 2000 691-710
5. Buczynski C. Chafetz H.S. Habit of bacterially induced precipitates of calcium carbonate and the influence of medium viscosity on mineralogy Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 61 1990 226-233
6. Caldwell D.E. Tiedje J.M. The structure of anaerobic bacterial communities in the hypolimnia of several Michigan Lakes Canadian Journal of Microbiology 21 1975 377-385
7. Cogdell R.J. Frank H.J. How carotenoids function in photosynthetic bacteria Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 895 1987 63-79
8. Crowley T.J. Kim K.Y. Milankovitch forcing of last interglacial sea level Science 265 1994 1566-1568
9. Culver D.A. Brunskill G.J. Fayetteville Green Lake, New York: studies on the primary production and zooplankton in a meromictic lake Limnology and Oceanography 14 1969 862-873
10. Davis, R.L., Johnson, C.R., 1988. Karst hydrology of San salvador. In: Mylroie, J. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, College Center of the Finger Lakes (CCFL) Bahamian Field Station, San Salvador Island, Bahamas, pp. 118-135.
11. Egemeier S.J. Cavern development by thermal waters National Speleological Society Bulletin 43 1981 31-51
12. Ehrlich, H.L., 1996. Geomicrobiology, 3rd Edition. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp. 172-215.
13. Garrett P. Gould S.J. Geology of New Providence Island, Bahamas Geological Society of America Bulletin 95 1984 209-220
14. Goedheer J.C. Energy transfer between carotenoids and bacteriochlorophyll in chromatophores of purple sulphur bacteria Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 35 1959 1-8
15. Golubic S.I. Schneider J. Carbonate dissolution Trudinger P.A. Swaine D.J. Biogeochemical Cycling of Mineral-forming Elements 1979 107-129 Elsevier Amsterdam
16. Guerrero R. Pedros-Alio C. Esteve I. Mas J. Communities of phototrophic sulphur bacteria of lakes of the Spanish Mediterranean Region Acta Academiae Aboensis 47 1987 125-151
17. Imhoff J.F. Süling J. Petri R. Phylogenetic relationships among the Chromatiaceae, their taxonomic reclassification and description of the new genera Allochromatium, Halochromatium, Isochromatium, Marichromatium, Thiococcus, Thiohalocapsa and Thermochromatium International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 48 1998 1129-1143
18. 2S microgradients Applied and Environmental Microbiology 45 1983 1261-1270
19. Marano Briggs, K., 2000. Water chemistry, bacterial abundance and anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria in an estuarine Blue Hole, Andros Island, The Bahamas. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, George Mason University, Fairfax Co., Virginia, USA, 196pp.
20. Mattison R. Abbiati M. Dando P. Fitzsimons M. Pratt S. Southward A. Southward E. Chemoautotrophic microbial mats in submarine caves with hydrothermal sulphidic springs at Cape Palinuro, Italy Microbial Ecology 35 1998 58-71
21. Mullins H.T. Lynts G.W. Origins of the Northwestern Bahama Platform: review and re-interpretation Geological Society of America Bulletin 88 1977 1147-1161
22. Mylroie J.E. Carew J.L. The flank margin model for dissolution cave development in carbonate platforms Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 15 1990 413-424
23. Neumann, C.A., Bebout, B.M., McNeese, L.R., Paull, C.K., Paerl, H.A., 1988. Modern stromatolites and associated mats; San Salvador, Bahamas. In: Mylroie, J. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, College Center of the Finger Lakes (CCFL) Bahamian Field Station, San Salvador Island, Bahamas, pp. 235-251.
24. Overmann J. Beatty T.J. Krause H.R. Hall K.J. The sulphur cycle in a meromictic salt lake Limnology and Oceanography 41 1996 147-156
25. Pace, M.C., Mylroie, J.E., Carew, J.L., 1992. Investigation and review of dissolution features on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. In: White, B. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas, College Center of the Finger Lakes (CCFL) Bahamian Field Station, San Salvador Island, Bahamas, and Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
26. Paine S.G. Lingood F.V. Schimmer F. Thrupp T.C. The relationship of microorganisms to the decay of stone Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London 222B 1993 97-127
27. Palmer, R.J., 1985. The Blue Holes of the Bahamas. Jonathan Cape Ltd., London, 183pp.
28. Palmer A.N. Origin and morphology of limestone caves Geological Society of America Bulletin 103 1991 1-21
29. Pfennig N. The photosynthetic bacteria Annual Review of Microbiology 21 1967 285-324
30. Pfennig, N., Trüper, H.G., 1989. Family Chromatiaceae. In: Staley, J.T., Bryant, M.P., Fennig, N.P., Holt, J.G. (Eds.), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Vol. 3. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 1637-1653.
31. Pfennig N. Trüper H.G. The family Chromatiaceae Balows A. Trüper H.G. Dworkin M. Harder W. Schleifer K.H. The Prokaryotes 1992 3200-3221 Springer New York
32. Schwabe S.J. The Black Hole Caves and Caving, British Cave Research Association 80 1998 1-22
33. Schwabe, S.J., 1999. Biogeochemical investigation of submerged cave within Bahamian Carbonate Platforms. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Bristol, UK 235pp.
34. Schwabe, S.J., Parkes, R.J., Smart, P.L., 1997. Biogeochemical investigation of submerged cave systems (Blue Holes) within Bahamian carbonate platforms. 97th Applied and Environmental Microbiology General Meeting (Abstracts), Miami, N101, p. 398.
35. Sealey, N.E., 1994. Bahamian Landscapes: An Introduction to the Geography of the Bahamas, 2nd Edition. Media Publishing, Nassau, Bahamas, 128pp.
36. Smart P.L. Dawans J.M. Whitaker F. Carbonate dissolution in a modern mixing zone Nature 335 1988 811-813
37. Tihansky, A.B., 1999. Sinkholes in West-central Florida. In: Galloway, D., Jones, D.R., Ingebritsen, S.E. (Eds.), Land Subsidence in the United States. United States Geological Survey Circular 1182, Washington, pp. 121-140.
38. Vlasceanu L. Popa R. Kinkle B. Characterisation of Thiobacillus thioparus LV43 and its distribution in a chemoautotrophically based ecosystem Applied and Environmental Microbiology 63 1997 33123-33127
39. Vlasceanu L. Sarbu S. Engel A.S. Kinkle B. Acidic, cave wall biofilms located in the Frasassi Gorge, Italy Geomicrobiology 17 2000 125-139