One last stand? Forest and change on Ecuador's eastern cordillera

Geographical Review

Volumn 92, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 235-256

  Jokisch, Brad D ^a   Lair, Bridget M ^b  

^a OHIO UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

Andes Mountains; Ecuador; Land use land cover; Migration; Tropical montane forests

Indexed keywords

DEFORESTATION; LAND USE CHANGE; MONTANE FOREST; PASTURE; TROPICAL FOREST;

ECUADOR; SOUTH AMERICA;

EID: 2442684582     PISSN: 00167428     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1931-0846.2002.tb00006.x     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Acosta-Solis, M. 1984. Los páramos andinos del Ecuador. Quito: Publicaciones Científicas, M.A.S.
2. Angelsen, A., and D. Kaimowitz. 1999. Rethinking the Causes of Deforestation: Lessons from Economic Models. World Bank Research Observer 14 (1): 73-98.
3. Ataroff, M., and F. Rada. 2000. Deforestation Impact on Water Dynamics in a Venezuelan Andean Cloud Forest. Ambio 29 (7): 440-444.
4. Bruhns, K. O. 1994. Ancient South America. Cambridge, England, and New York: Cambridge University Press.
5. Cavelier, J., and A. Etter. 1995. Deforestation of Montane Forests in Colombia as a Result of Illegal Plantations of Opium. In Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests, edited by S. P. Churchill, H. Balslev, E. Forero, and J. L. Luteyn, 541-550. Bronx: New York Botanical Garden.
6. Churchill, S. P., H. Balslev, E. Forero, and J. L. Luteyn, eds. 1995. Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests. Bronx: New York Botanical Garden.
7. Colby, J. D., and P. L. Keating. 1998. Land Cover Classification Using Landsat TM imagery in the Tropical Highlands: The Influence of Anisotropic Reflectance. International Journal of Remote Sensing 19 (8): 1479-1500.
8. Congalton, R. G., and K. Green. 1999. Assessing the Accuracy of Remotely Sensed Data: Principles and Practices. Boca Raton, Fla.: Lewis Publications.
9. Cuetrecasas, J. 1979. Growth Forms of the Espeletiinae and Their Correlation to Vegetation Types of the High Tropical Andes. In Tropical Botany: Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the University of Aarhus on 10-12 August 1978, edited by K. Larsen and L. B. Holm-Nielsen, 397-410. London and New York: Academic Press.
10. Davis, R. 1989. Changing Land Use in the Mazar Watershed, Ecuador - Its Impact on Soil Erosion. M.S. thesis, University of Tennessee.
11. Echavarria, F. R. 1993. Remote Sensing of Montane Forest Degradation in Southern Ecuador. Ph.D. diss., University of South Carolina.
12. Echavarria, F. R. 1998. Monitoring Forests in the Andes Using Remote Sensing: An Example from Southern Ecuador. In Nature's Geography: New Lessons for Conservation in Developing Countries, edited by K. S. Zimmerer and K. R. Young, 100-120. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
13. Ellenberg, H. 1979. Man's Influence on Tropical Mountain Ecosystems in South America. Journal of Ecology 67 (2): 401-416.
14. FAO [Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]. 2001. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000, Main Report. [http:/www.fao.org/forestry/fo/fra/main/index.jsp].
15. Gentry, A. H. 1995. Patterns of Diversity and Floristic Composition in Neotropical Montane Forests. In Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests, edited by S. P. Churchill, H. Balslev, E. Forero, and J. L. Luteyn, 103-126. Bronx: New York Botanical Garden.
16. Hamilton, L. S., J. O. Juvik, and F. N. Scatena. 1995a. The Puerto Rico Tropical Cloud Forest Symposium: Introduction and Workshop Synthesis. In Tropical Montane Cloud Forests, edited by L. S. Hamilton, J. O. Juvik, and F. N. Scatena, 1-23. New York: Springer-Verlag.
17. Hamilton, L. S., J. O. Juvik, and F. N. Scatena. eds. 1995b. Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. New York: Springer-Verlag.
18. Harling, G. 1979. The Vegetation Types of Ecuador - A Brief Survey. In Tropical Botany: Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the University of Aarhus on 10-12 August 1978, edited by K. Larsen and L. B. Helm-Nielsen, 165-174. London and New York: Academic Press.
19. Henderson, A., S. P. Churchill, and J. L. Luteyn. 1991. Neotropical Plant Diversity. Nature 351 (6321): 21-22.
20. INEC [Institute Nacional de Estadística y Censos]. 2001. Encuesta nacional de superficie y producción agropecuarias de 1999. Quito: República del Ecuador.
21. Jokisch, B. D. 1997. From Circulation to International Migration: The Case of South-Central Ecuador. Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers Yearbook 23: 63-76.
22. Jokisch, B. D. 2002. Migration and Agricultural Change: The Case of Smallholder Agriculture in the Highlands of South-Central Ecuador. Human Ecology 30 (4): 523-550.
23. Jokisch, B., and J. Pribilsky. 2002. The Panic to Leave: Geographic Dimensions of Recent Ecuadorian Emigration. International Migration 40 (3): 75-101.
24. Jørgensen, P. M., and C. Ulloa U. 1994. Seed Plants of the High Andes of Ecuador: A Checklist. AAU Reports, 34. Risskov, Denmark: Aarhus University, Department of Systematic Botany; Quito: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas.
25. Jørgensen, P. M., and R. Valencia. 1992. Composition and Structure of a Humid Montane Forest on the Pasochoa Volcano, Ecuador. Nordic Journal of Botany 12 (2): 239-247.
26. Keating, P. L. 1995. Disturbance Regimes and Regeneration Dynamics of Upper Montane Forests and Páramos in the Southern Ecuadorian Andes. Ph.D. diss., University of Colorado, Boulder.
27. Keating, P. L. 1997. Mapping Vegetation and Anthropogenic Disturbances in Southern Ecuador with Remote Sensing Techniques: Implications for Park Management. Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers Yearbook 23: 77-90.
28. Keating, P. L. 1998. Effects of Anthropogenic Disturbances on Páramo Vegetation in Podocarpus National Park, Ecuador. Physical Geography 19 (3): 221-238.
29. Klepeis, P., and B. L. Turner II. 2001. Integrated Land History and Global Change Science: The Example of the Southern Yucatan Peninsular Region Project. Land Use Policy 18 (1): 27-39.
30. Kok, K., P. A. Verweij, and H. Beukema. 1995. Effects of Cutting and Grazing of Andean Treeline Vegetation. In Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests, edited by S. P. Churchill, H. Balslev, E. Forero, and J. L. Luteyn, 527-539. Bronx: New York Botanical Garden.
31. Kyle, D. 2000. Transnational Peasants: Migrations, Networks, and Ethnicity in Andean Ecuador. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press.
32. Laegaard, S. 1992. Influence of Fire in the Grass Páramo Vegetation of Ecuador. In Páramo: An Andean Ecosystem under Human Influence, edited by H. Balslev and J. L. Luteyn, 151-170. London, England, and San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press.
33. Laney, R. 2002. Disaggregating Induced Intensification for Land-Change Analysis: A Case Study from Madagascar. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 92 (4): 702-726.
34. Lillesand, T. M., and R. W. Kiefer. 2000. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
35. Luteyn, J. L. 1992. Páramos: Why Study Them? In Páramo: An Andean Ecosystem under Human Influence, edited by H. Balslev and J. L. Luteyn, 1-15. London, England, and San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press.
36. Luteyn, J. L. 1999. Páramos: A Checklist of Plant Diversity, Geographical Distribution, and Botanical Literature. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden, 84. Bronx: New York Botanical Garden Press.
37. Madsen, J. E., and B. Øllgaard. 1994. Floristic Composition, Structure, and Dynamics of an Upper Montane Rainforest in Southern Ecuador. Nordic Journal of Botany 14 (4): 403-423.
38. Martínez, A. 2001. Composición y estructura de la vegetación leñosa de un bosque montano, en los Andes Centrales del Ecuador, La Libertad-Cañar. Thesis, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador.
39. Mena V., P. 1995. Las áreas protegidas con bosque montano en el Ecuador. In Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests, edited by S. P. Churchill, H. Balslev, E. Forero, and J. L. Luteyn, 627-635. Bronx: New York Botanical Garden.
40. Morán, E. F., and E. Brondizio. 1998. Land Use Change after Deforestation in Amazonia. In People and Pixels: Linking Remote Sensing and Social Science, edited by D. Liverman, E. Morán, R. Rindfuss, and P. Stern, 94-120. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
41. Morris, A. 1997. Afforestation Projects in Highland Ecuador: Patterns of Success and Failure. Mountain Research and Development 17 (1): 31-42.
42. Murphy, L., R. Bilsborrow, and F. J. Pichón. 1997. Poverty and Prosperity among Migrant Settlers in the Amazon Rainforest Frontier of Ecuador. Journal of Development Studies 34 (2): 35-65.
43. Myers, N., R. A. Mittermeier, C. G. Mittermeier, G. A. B. da Fonseca, and J. Kent. 2000. Biodiversity Hotspots for Conservation Priorities. Nature 403 (6772): 853-858.
44. Neill, D. A. 1999. Vegetation. In Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador, edited by P. M. Jørgensen and S. Leó n-Yánez, 13-25. Monographs in Systematic Botany, 75. Saint Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press.
45. Pichón, F. J. 1997. Colonist Land-Allocation Decisions, Land Use, and Deforestation in the Ecuadorian Amazon Frontier. Economic Development and Cultural Change 45 (4): 707-744.
46. Poulsen, B. O., and N. Krabbe. 1997. Avian Rarity in Ten Cloud-Forest Communities in the Andes of Ecuador: Implications for Conservation. Biodiversity and Conservation 6 (10): 1365-1375.
47. Ramsay, P. M., and E. R. B. Oxley. 1997. The Growth Form Composition of Plant Communities in the Ecuadorian Páramos. Plant Ecology 131 (2): 173-192.
48. Rudel, T. K. 1993. Tropical Deforestation: Small Farmers and Land Clearing in the Ecuadorian Amazon. New York: Columbia University Press.
49. Rudel, T. K., D. Bates, and R. Machinguiashi. 2002. A Tropical Forest Transition? Agricultural Change, Out-Migration, and Secondary Forests in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 92 (1): 87-102.
50. Sarmiento F. O. 1995. Restoration: The Challenge for Conservation of Tropandean Landscapes. In Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests, edited by S. P. Churchill, H. Balslev, E. Forero, and J. L. Luteyn, 637-651. Bronx: New York Botanical Garden.
51. Sierra, R., and J. Stallings. 1998. The Dynamics and Social Organization of Tropical Deforestation in Northwest Ecuador, 1983-1995. Human Ecology 26 (1): 135-161.
52. Sklenár, P., and P. M. Jørgensen. 1999. Distribution Patterns of Páramo Plants in Ecuador. Journal of Biogeography 26 (4): 681-691.
53. Southgate, D., P. Salazar-Canelos, C. Camaco-Saa, and R. Stewart. 2000. Markets, Institutions, and Forestry: The Consequences of Timber Trade Liberalization in Ecuador. World Development 28 (11): 2005-2012.
54. Truhan, D. L. In prep. The Hispanization of Cañari Space [working title]. Ph.D. diss., New York University.
55. Turner, B. L., II. 1997. Ecumene Lecture: Spirals, Bridges, and Tunnels: Engaging Human-Environment Perspectives in Geography. Ecumene 4 (2): 196-217.
56. Turner, B. L., II. 2002. Contested Identities: Human-Environment Geography and Disciplinary Implications in a Restructuring Academy. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 92 (1): 52-74.
57. Turner, B. L., II, D. L. Skole, S. Sanderson, G. Fischer, L. Fresco, and R. Leemans. 1995. Land-Use and Land-Cover Change: Science/Research Plan. Stockholm: International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme, A Study of Global Change, of the International Council of Scientific Unions, and the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Programme of the International Social Science Council.
58. Turner, B. L., II, S. C. Villar, D. Foster, J. Geoghegan, E. Keys, P. Klepeis, D. Lawrence, P. M. Mendoza, S. Manson, Y Ogneva-Himmelberger, A. Plotkin, D. P. Salicrup, R. R. Chowdhury, B. Savitsky, L. Schneider, B. Schmook, and C. Vance. 2001. Deforestation in the Southern Yucatan Peninsular Region: An Integrative Approach. Forest Ecology and Management 154 (3): 353-370.
59. Verweij, P. A., and H. Beukema. 1992. Aspects of Human Influence on Upper Andean Forest Line Vegetation. In Páramo: An Andean Ecosystem under Human Influence, edited by H. Balslev and J. L. Luteyn, 171-175. London, England, and San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press.
60. Verweij, P. A., and K. Kok. 1992. Effects of Fire and Grazing on Espeletia hartwegiana Populations. In Páramo: An Andean Ecosystem under Human Influence, edited by H. Balslev and J. L. Luteyn, 215-219. London, England, and San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press.
61. White, S., and F. Maldonado. 1991. The Use and Conservation of Natural Resources in the Andes of Southern Ecuador. Mountain Research and Development 11 (1): 37-55.
62. Wunder, S. 1996. Deforestation and the Uses of Wood in the Ecuadorian Andes. Mountain Research and Development 16 (4): 367-382.
63. Wunder, S. 2000. The Economics of Deforestation: The Example of Ecuador. New York: St. Martin's Press.
64. Young, K. R. 1998. Deforestation in Landscapes with Humid Forests in the Central Andes. In Nature's Geography: New Lessons for Conservation in Developing Countries, edited by K. S. Zimmerer and K. R. Young, 75-99. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
65. Young, K. R., and P. L. Keating. 2001. Remnant Forests of Volcán Cotacachi, Northern Ecuador. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 33 (2): 165-172.
66. Young, K. R., and B. León. 1995. Connectivity, Social Actors, and Conservation Policies in the Central Andes: The Case of Peru's Montane Forests. In Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests, edited by S. P. Churchill, H. Balslev, E. Forero, and J. L. Luteyn, 653-661. Bronx: New York Botanical Garden.