Middle Pleistocene sedimentology and lithostratigraphy of Weybourne, northeast Norfolk, England

Proceedings of the Geologists' Association

Volumn 115, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 25-42

  Pawley, Steven M ^a   Rose, James ^a   Lee, Jonathan R ^a,b   Moorlock, Brian S P ^a,b   Hamblin, Richard J O ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anglian; Clast lithology; Diamicton; Glaciation; Sub glacial deformation

Indexed keywords

DIAMICTON; GLACIAL DEPOSIT; GLACIATION; LITHOSTRATIGRAPHY; PLEISTOCENE; SEDIMENTOLOGY;

ENGLAND; EURASIA; EUROPE; NORFOLK [ENGLAND]; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE; WEYBOURNE;

EID: 2442670198     PISSN: 00167878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0016-7878(04)80032-4     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Baden-Powell, D.F.W. 1948. The Chalky Boulder clays of Norfolk and Suffolk, Geological Magazine, 85, 279-296.
2. Banham, P.H. 1965. Pleistocene Deposits at Weybourne: New Data. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 76, 77-81.
3. Banham, P.H. 1968. A preliminary note of the Pleistocene stratigraphy of north-east Norfolk. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 79, 281-285.
4. Banham, P.H. 1975. Glacitectonic structures: a general discussion with particular reference to the contorted drift of Norfolk. In (Wright. A.E., & Moseley, F.; eds) Ice Ages: Ancient and Modern. Geological Journal, 6 (Special Issue), 69-94.
5. Banham, P.H. & Perrin, R.M.S. 1977. Weybourne Town Pit. In (West, R.G.; ed.) East Anglia. INQUA Congress Excursion Guide, 29.
6. Banham, P.H. & Ranson, C.E. 1965. Structural Study of the Contorted Drift and Disturbed Chalk at Weybourne, North Norfolk. Geological Magazine, 102, 164-174.
7. Banham, P.H., Gibbard, P.L., Lunkka, J.P., Parfitt, S.A., Preece, R.C. & Turner. C. 2001. A critical assessment of'a new glacial stratigraphy for eastern England'. Quaternary Newsletter. 93, 5-14.
8. Boothroyd, J.C. & Ashley, G.M. 1975. Processes, bar morphology, and sedimentary structures on braided outwash fans, Northeastern Gulf of Alaska. In (Jopling, A.V. & McDonald, B.C.; eds) Glaciofluvial and Glaciolacustrine Sedimentation. Society of Economic Palaeontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication, 23, 193-222.
9. Boswell, P.G.H. 1914. On the occurrence of the North Sea Drift (lower Glacial), and certain other brickearths in Suffolk. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 25, 121-153.
10. Boswell, P.G.H. 1916. The petrology of the North Sea Drift and Upper Glacial Brick-earths in East Anglia. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 27, 79-98.
11. Boulton, G.S. 1987. A theory of drumlin formation by subglacial sediment deformation. In (Menzies, J. & Rose, J.; eds) Drundin Slimposium. Balkema, Rotterdam, 25-80.
12. Boulton, G.S. 1996. Theory of glacial erosion, transport and deposition as a consequence of subglacial sediment deformation. Journal of Glaciology, 42, 43-62.
13. Boulton, G.S., Cox, F.C., Hart, J. & Thornton, M.H. 1984. The glacial geology of Norfolk. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Norfolk, 34, 103-122.
14. Boulton, G.S., van der Meer, J.J.M., Hart, J., Beets, D., Ruegg, G.H.J., van der Wateren, F.M. & Jarvis, J. 1996. Till and moraine emplacement in a deforming bed surge - an example from a marine environment. Quaternary Science Reviews, 15, 961-987.
15. Bowen, D.Q., Rose, J., McCabe, A.M. & Sutherland, D.G. 1986. Correlation of Quaternary glaciations in England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Quaternary Science Reviews, 5, 301-340.
16. Bristow, C.R. & Cox, F.C. 1973. The Gipping Till: a reappraisal of East Anglian glacial strafigraphy. Journal of the Geological Societe, London, 129, 1-37.
17. Cameron, I. B. & Stephenson, D. 1985. The Midland Valley of Scotland. British Regional Geology. British Geological Survey, London.
18. Cameron, T.D.J., Crosby, A., Balson, P.S., Jeffery, D.H., Lott, G.K., Bulat, J. & Harrison, D.J. 1992. United Kingdom offshore regional report: the Geology of the southern North Sea. British Geological Survey, London.
19. Catt, J.A. 1991. Late Devensian glacial deposits and glaciations in eastern England and the adjoining offshore region. In (Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P. & Rose, J.; eds) Glacial deposits in Great Britain and Ireland, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 61-68.
20. Clark, C.D., Gibbard, P.L. & Rose, J. 2003. Pleistocene glacial limits in England, Scotland and Wales. In (Ehlers, J. & Gibbard. P.L.; eds) Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology, Part I. Europix Elsevier. Amsterdam, 47-82.
21. Cox, F.C. & Nickless, E.F.P. 1972. Some aspects of the glacial history of central Norfolk. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Great Britain, 42, 79-98.
22. Dawson, M.R. & Bryant, I.E. 1987. Three-dimensional facies geometry in Pleistocene outwash sediments. Worcestershire, U.K. In (Ethridge. F.G., Flores, R.M. & Harvey, M.D.; eds) Recent Developments in Fluvial Sedimentology. Special Publication of the Society of Economic Palaeontologists and Mineralogists. 39, 191-196.
23. Ehlers, J. & Gibbard, P. 1991. Anglian glacial deposits in Britain and the adjoining offshore regions. In (Ehlers, J., Gibbard. P. & Rose, J.; eds) Glacial deposits in Great Britain and Ireland. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 17-21.
24. Ehlers, J., Gibbard. P.L. & Whiteman, C.A. 1986. Recent investigations of the Marty Drift of northwest Norfolk, England. In (van der Meer. J.J.M.; ed.) Tills and glaciotectonics. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 39-54.
25. Eyles, N., Eyles, C.H. & Miall, A.D. 1983. Lithofacies types and vertical profile models: an alternative approach to the description and environmental interpretation of glacial diamict and diamictite sequences. Sedimentology, 30, 393-410.
26. Eyles, N., Eyles, C.H. & McCabe, A.M. 1989. Sedimentation in an ice-contact subaqueous setting: The mid-Pleistocene 'North Sea Drifts' of Norfolk, U.K. Quaternary Science Reviews, 8, 57-74.
27. Eyles, N., McCabe, A.M. & Bowen, D.Q. 1994. The stratigraphical and sedimentological significance of Late Devensian ice sheet surging in Holderness, Yorkshire, U.K. Quaternary Science Reviews, 13, 727-759.
28. Fish, P.R. & Whiteman, C.A. 2001. Chalk micropalaeontology and provenancing of Middle Pleistocene Lowestoft Formation till in eastern England. Earth Surface Process and Landforms, 26, 953-970.
29. Fish, P.R., Whiteman, C.A., Moorlock, B.S.P., Hamblin, R.J.0. & Wilkinson, I.P. 2000. The glacial geology of the Weybourne area, north Norfolk: A new approach. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Norfolk, 50, 21-45.
30. Gibbard, P.L. 1977. Pleistocene history of the Vale of St Albans. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B280, 445-483.
31. Green, C.P. & McGregor, D.F.M. 1990. Pleistocene gravels of the north Norfolk coast. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 101, 197-202.
32. Grün, R. & Schwarcz, H.P. 2000. Revised open-system U-series/ESR age calculations for teeth from Stratum C at the Hoxnian Interglacial type locality, England. Quaternary Science Reviews, 19, 1151-1154.
33. Hamblin, R.J.O., Moorlock, B.S.P. & Rose, J. 2000. A new glacial stratigraphy for eastern England. Quaternary Newsletter, 92, 35-44.
34. Harmer, F.W. 1928. The distribution of erratics and drift. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 21, 79-150.
35. Hart, J.K. & Boulton, G.S. 1991a. The glacial drifts of northeastern Norfolk. In (Ehlers, J., Gibbard, P. & Rose, J.; eds) Glacial deposits in Great Britain and Ireland. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 233-243.
36. Hart, J.K. & Boulton, G.S. 1991b. The inter-relation of glaciotectonic and glaciodepositional processes within the glacial environment. Quaternary Science Reviews, 10, 335-350.
37. Hart, J.K. & Roberts, D.H. 1994. Criteria to distinguish between subglacial glaciotectonic and glaciomarine sedimentation. I. Deformational styles and sedimentology. Sedimentary Geology, 91, 191-213.
38. Hey, R.W. 1976. Provenance of far-travelled pebbles in the pre-Anglian Pleistocene of East Anglia. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 87, 69-81.
39. Ingolfson, O. 1988. Large-scale glaciotectonic deformation of soft sediments: A case study of a late Weichselian sequence in western Iceland, In (Croot, D.G.; ed.) Glaciotectonics Forms and Processes. Balkema, Rotterdam, 101-109.
40. Keen, D.H. 1999. The chronology of the Middle Pleistocene 'Wolstonian' event in the English Midlands. In (Andrews, P. & Banham, P.H.; eds) Late Cenozoic environments and Hominid evolution: a tribute to Bill Bishop. Geological Society, London, 159-168.
41. Kelly, S.R.A. & Rawson, P.F. 1983. Some late Jurassic-mid Cretaceous sections on the East Midland Shelf, England, as demonstrated on a Field Meeting, 18-20 May 1979. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 94, 65-73.
42. Lawson, D.E. 1981. Distinguishing characteristics of diamicts at the margin of the Matanuska glacier, Alaska. Annals of Glaciology, 2, 78-84.
43. Lee, J.R. 2001. Genesis and palaeogeographical significance of the Corton Diamicton (basal member of the North Sea Drift Formation) East Anglia, UK. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 112, 29-43.
44. Lee, J.R. 2003. Early and Middle Pleistocene lithostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments in northern East Anglia. PhD thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London.
45. Lee, J.R., Rose, J., Riding. J.B., Moorlock, B.S.P. & Hamblin, R.J.O. 2002. Testing the case for a Middle Pleistocene Scandinavian glaciation in Eastern England: evidence for a Scottish ice source for the tills within the Cotton Formation of East Anglia. Boreas, 31, 345-355.
46. Lee, J.R., Rose, J., Hamblin, R.J.O. & Moorlock, B.S.P. in press. Dating the earliest lowland glaciation of eastern England: the Happisburgh Glaciation of OIS 16. Quaternary Science Reviews, 23.
47. Lunkka, J.P. 1994. Sedimentation and lithostratigraphy of the North Sea Drift and Lowestoft Till Formations in the coastal cliffs of north-east Norfolk, England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 9, 209-233.
48. Maizels, J.K. 1993. Lithofacies variations within sandur deposits: the role of runoff regime, flow dynamics, and sediment supply characteristics. Sedimentary Geology, 85, 299-325.
49. Miall, A.D. 1977. A review of braided river depositional environment. Earth Science Reviews, 13, 1-62.
50. Mitchell, G.F., Penny, L.F., Shorten, F.W. & West, R.G. 1973. A orrelation of Quaternary deposits in the British Isles. Geological Society of London, Special Report, 4.
51. Moorlock, B.S.P., Booth, S. & Fish, P. 2000. et al. Briton's Lane Gravel Pit, Beeston Regis (TG 168415). In (Lewis, S.G., Whiteman, C.A. & Preece, R.C.; eds) The Quaternary of Norfolk & Suffolk Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association, London, 115-119.
52. Moorlock, B.S.P., Hamblin, R.J.O., Booth, S.J., Kessler, H., Woods, M.A. & Hobbs, P.R.N. 2002. Geology of the Cromer District - a brief explanation of the geological map Sheet 131 Cromer. Sheet Explanation of the British Geological Survey.
53. Perrin, R.M.S., Rose, J. & Davies, H. 1979. The distribution, variation and origins of pre-Devensian tills in eastern England. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B287, 535-570.
54. Pointon, W.K. 1978. The Pleistocene succession at Corton, Suffolk. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Norfolk, 30, 55-76.
55. Preece, R.C. & Parfitt, S.A. 2000. The Cromer Forest-Bed Formation: New thoughts on an old problem. In (Lewis, S.G., Whiteman, C.A. & Preece. R.C.; eds) The Quaternary of Norfolk & Suffolk Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association, London, 1-27.
56. Reid, C. 1882, The geology of the country around Cromer. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of England and Wales. HMS0, London.
57. Reineck, H.E. & Singh, I.B. 1980. Depositional Sedimentary Environments. Springer-Verlag, New York.
58. Rose, J. 1987. Status of the Wolstonian glaciation on the British Quaternary. Quaternary Newsletter, 53, 1-9.
59. Rose, J. 1989. Stadial type sections in the British Quaternary. In (Rose, J. & Schlüchter, C.; eds) Quaternary Type Sections: Imagination or Reality?. A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 45-67.
60. Rose, J. 1991. Stratigraphic basis of the 'Wolstonian glaciation', and retention of the term 'Wolstonian' as a chronostratigraphic stage name - a discussion. In (Lewis, S.G., Whiteman, C.A. & Bridgland, D.R.; eds) Central East Anglia and the Fen basin Field Guide Quaternary Research Association, London, 15-20.
61. Rose, J., Lee, J.A., Candy, I. & Lewis, S.G. 1999. Early and Middle Pleistocene river systems in eastern England: evidence from Leet Hill, southern Norfolk, England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 14, 347-360.
62. Rose, J., Candy, I. & Lee, J.R. 2000. Leet Hill (TM 384926): pre-glacial and glaciofluvial river deposits - with possible evidence for a major glaciation prior to the deposition of the Lowestoft Till. In (Lewis, S.G., Whiteman, C.A. & Preece, R.C.; eds) The Quaternary of Norfolk & Suffolk Field Guide. Quaternary Research Association, London, 207-218.
63. Rose, J., Moorlock, B.S.P. & Hamblin, R.J.O. 2001. Pre-Anglian fluvial and coastal deposits in eastern England; lithostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments. Quaternary International, 79, 5-22.
64. Rose, J., Candy, I. & Moorlock, B.S.P. 2002. et al. Early and early Middle Pleistocene river, coastal and neotectonic processes, southeast Norfolk, England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 113, 47-67.
65. Rowe, P.J., Richards, D.A., Atkinson, T.C., Bottrell, S.H. & Cliff, R.A. 1997. Geochemistry and radiometric dating of a Middle Pleistocene peat. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61, 4201-4211.
66. Rowe, P.J., Atkinson, T.C. & Turner, C. 1999. U-series dating of Hoxnian interglacial deposits at Marks Tey, Essex, England. Journal of Quaternary Science, 14, 693-702.
67. Shotton, F.W. 1986. Glaciations in the United Kingdom. Quaternary Science Reviews, 5, 293-297.
68. Straw, A. 1965. A reassessment of the Chalky boulder-clay or Marly Drift of north Norfolk. Zeitschrift fur Geomorphologie, 9, 209-221.
69. Straw, A. 1979. Eastern England. In (Straw, A. & Clayton, K.M.; eds) Eastern and Central England Methuen, London and New York, 3-139.
70. Sumbler, M.G. 1995. The terraces of the rivers Thame and Thames and their bearing on the chronology of central England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 106, 13-27.
71. Visser, J.N.J. 1983. The problems of recognising ancient subaqueous debris flow deposits in glacial sequences. Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 86, 127-135.
72. Visser, M.J. 1980. Neap-spring cycles reflected in Holocene subtidal large-scale bedform deposits: a preliminary note. Geology, 8, 543-546.
73. West, R.G. & Donner, J.J. 1956. The glaciations of East Anglia and the East Midlands: a differentiation based on stone orientation measurements of the tills. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 112, 69-91.
74. Whiteman, C.A. & Rose, J. 1992. Thames river sediments of the British Early and Middle Pleistocene. Quaternary Science Reviews, 11, 363-375.
75. Wood, S.V. & Harmer, F.W. 1868. The glacial and post-glacial structure of Norfolk and Suffolk. Geological Magazine, 5, 452-456.
76. Woodward, H.B. 1884. Geology of the country around Fakenham, Wells and Holt. Memoir of the Geological Survey. HMSO, London, 1-57.
77. Woodward, H.B. 1885. Glacial drifts of Norfolk. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 9, 111-129.