Management of acute coronary syndromes: An update

Heart

Volumn 90, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 698-706

  Fox, Keith A A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABCIXIMAB; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALTEPLASE; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; CREATINE KINASE MB; ENOXAPARIN; EPTIFIBATIDE; FIBRINOGEN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; HEPARIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; NITRATE; PYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; STREPTOKINASE; TENECTEPLASE; THIENOPYRIDINE DERIVATIVE; TICLOPIDINE; TIROFIBAN; TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; TROPONIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; WARFARIN; XIMELAGATRAN;

ACUTE HEART INFARCTION; ANALGESIA; ASSISTED VENTILATION; BLEEDING; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; FIBRINOLYSIS; FIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY; HEART ARREST; HEART FAILURE; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HEART MUSCLE REPERFUSION; HUMAN; META ANALYSIS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOLOGY; PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION; POSITIVE END EXPIRATORY PRESSURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; Q WAVE; REVIEW; SIDE EFFECT; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; ST SEGMENT DEPRESSION; ST SEGMENT ELEVATION; STROKE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; THROMBOSIS;

EID: 2442668916     PISSN: 13556037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2003.020321     Document Type: Review

References (20)

1. Braunwald E, Antman EM, Beasley JW, et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with unstable angina ana non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:1366-74. Guidelines of the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association for the management of ACS patients without ST elevation.
2. Van de Werf F, Ardissino D, Betriu A, et al. Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation. The task force on the management of acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2003;24:28-66. Guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology for the management of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction.
3. Bertrand ME, Simoons ML, Fox KAA, et al. Management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J 2002;23:1809-40. Guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology for the management of ACS patients without persistent ST elevation.
4. Alpert JS, Thygesen K, Antman E, Bassand JP. Myocardial infarction redefined - a consensus document of the joint European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;36:959-69.
5. Antman EM, Tanasijevic MJ, Thompson B, et al. Cardiac-specific tropanin I levels to predict the risk of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 1996;335:1342-9.
6. Collins R, Peto R, Baigenf C, et al. Aspirin, heparin, and fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1997;333:847-60.
7. Antithrombotic Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ 2002;324:71-86. Key meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy showing the net impact on outcome in various categories of patients.
8. Boersma E, Mercado N, Poldermans D, et al. Acute myocardial infarction. Lancet 2003;361:847-58.
9. Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL. Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomised trials. Lancet 2003;361:13-20. Pooled analysis of 23 randomised trials comparing primary angioplasty and intravenous thrombolytic therapy showing a consistent advantage for primary angioplasty (efficacy and reduced intracerebral bleeding).
10. Topol EJ, Neumann FJ, Montalescot G. A preferred reperfusion strategy for acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1886-9.
11. Eagle KA, Goodman SG, Avezum Á, et al. Practice variation and missed opportunities for reperfusion in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: findings from the global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE). Lancet 2002;359:373-7.
12. Lindahl B, Toss H, Siegbahn A, et al. Markers of myocardial damage and inflammation in relation to long-term mortality in unstable coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1139-47.
13. Granger CB, Goldberg RJ, Dabbous O, et al. for the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Investigators. Predictors of hospital mortality in the global registry of acute coronary events. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2345-53, www.outcomes.org/grace. The testing and validation of an independent risk score across the entire spectrum of ACS: based on 12 000 registry patients and validated externally.
14. Santopinto JJ, Fox KAA, Goldberg RJ, et al. Creatinine clearance and adverse hospital outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Findings from the global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE). Heart 2003;89:1003-8.
15. Wallentin L, Lagerqvist B, Husted S, et al. Outcome at 1 year after an invasive compared with a non-invasive strategy in unstable coronary-artery disease: the FRISC II invasive randomised trial. Lancet 2000;356:9-16. Demonstration of the improved outcome (including deaths at one year follow-up and beyond) in high risk patients with non-ST elevation ACS as a result of an invasive treatment strategy.
16. Cannon CP, Weintraub WS, Demopaulos LA, et al. Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1879-87. Improved clinical outcome with an invasive strategy combined with Gp IIb/IIIa inhibitor in higher risk patients.
17. The Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events Trial Investigators. Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2001;345:494-502. Improved outcome (death/MI/stroke) for ACS patients treated with clopidogrel.
18. Boersma E, Harringtan RA, Moliterno DJ, et al. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of all major randomised clinical trials. Lancet 2002;359:189-98.
19. Wallentin L, Wilcox RG, Weaver WD, et al. Oral ximelagatran for secondary prophylaxis after myocardial infarction: the ESTEEM randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;362:789-97.
20. Fox KAA, Poole-Wilson PA, Henderson RA, et al. Interventional versus conservative treatment for patients with unstable angina or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: the British Heart Foundation RITA 3 randomised trial. Lancet 2002;360:743-51. Trial demonstrates improved outcome (principally reduced refractory angina) in moderate risk patients with ACS. A pooled analysis of all intervention trials demonstrates a net benefit of intervention strategy on subsequent death or MI.