Evolution and structure of the mesoscale convection and its environment: A case study during the early onset of the southeast Asian summer monsoon

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 132, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 1104-1120

  Wang, Jian Jian ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^b NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); SHEAR STRENGTH;

DOPPLER RADAR DATASET; MESOSCALE CONVECTION;

WEATHER FORECASTING;

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CONVECTION; DOPPLER RADAR; MESOSCALE METEOROLOGY; MONSOON;

PACIFIC OCEAN; SOUTH CHINA SEA;

EID: 2442649988     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1104:EASOTM>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Akiyama, T., 1979: Thermal stratification in baiu frontal medium-scale disturbances with heavy rainfalls. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan. 57, 267-283.
2. Akiyama, T., 1984: A medium-scale cloud cluster in a baiu front. Part I: Evolution process and fine structure. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 62, 485-504.
3. Anagnostou, E. N., C. A. Morales, and T. Dinku, 2001: The use of TRMM Precipitation Radar observations in determining ground radar calibration biases. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 18, 616-628.
4. Barnes, G. M., and K. Sieckman, 1984: The environment of fast- and slow-moving tropical mesoscale convective cloud lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 1782-1794.
5. Biggerstaff, M. I., and R. A. Houze Jr., 1991: Kinematic and precipitation structure of the 10-11 June 1985 squall line. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 3035-3065.
6. Carey, L. D., S. A. Rutledge, D. A. Ahijevych, and T. D. Keenan, 2000: Correcting propagation effects in C-band polarimetric radar observation of tropical convection using differential propagation phase. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1405-1433.
7. Chang, C.-P., and T. N. Krishnamurti, 1987: Monsoon Meteorology, Oxford University Press, 353 pp.
8. Chen, Y.-L., and N. B.-F. Hui, 1992: Analysis of a relatively dry front during the Taiwan Area Mesoscale Experiment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2442-2468.
9. Cho, H.-R., and G. T. J. Chen, 1995: Mei-yu frontogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2109-2120.
10. Davies-Jones, R. P., 1979: Dual-Doppler radar coverage area as a function of measurement accuracy and spatial resolution. J. Appl. Meteor., 18, 1229-1233.
11. DeMott, C. A., and S. A. Rutledge, 1998: The vertical structure of TOGA COARE convection. Part I: Radar echo distributions. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2730-2747.
12. Ding, Y., 1994: Monsoons over China. Kluwer Academic. 419 pp.
13. Ding, Y., and Y. Liu, 2001: Onset and the evolution of the summer monsoon over the South China Sea during SCSMEX field experiment in 1998. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 79, 255-276.
14. Drosdowsky, W., G. J. Holland, and R. K. Smith, 1989: Structure and evolution of north Australian cloud lines observed during AMEX phase I. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1181-1192.
15. Fein, J. S., and J. P. Kuettner, 1980: Report on the summer MONEX field phase. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 61, 461-474.
16. Fu, C.-B., J. Fletcher, and R. Slutz, 1983: The structure of the Asian monsoon surface wind field over the ocean. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1242-1252.
17. Fukao, S., M. D. Yamanaka, T. Sato, T. Tsuda, and S. Kato, 1988: Three-dimensional air motions over the baiu front observed by a VHF-band Doppler radar: A case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 281-292.
18. Grossman, R. L., and D. R. Durran, 1984: Interaction of low-level flow with the western Ghat Mountains and offshore convection in the summer monsoon. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 652-672.
19. He, H., J. W. McGinnis, Z. S. Song, and M. Yanai, 1987: Onset of the Asian summer monsoon in 1979 and the effect of the Tibetan Plateau. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1966-1995.
20. Holland, G. J., J. L. McBride, R. K. Smith, D. Jasper, and T. D. Keenan, 1986: The BMRC Australian Monsoon Experiment: AMEX. Bull. Amer. Meteor, Soc., 67, 1466-1472.
21. Houze, R. A., Jr., 1977: Structure and dynamics of a tropical squall-line system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 1540-1567.
22. Houze, R. A., Jr., and C.-P. Cheng, 1977: Radar characteristics of tropical convection observed during GATE: Mean properties and trends over the summer monsoon. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 964-980.
23. Johnson, R. H., and P. E. Ciesielski, 2002: Characteristics of the 1998 summer monsoon onset over the northern South China Sea. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 80, 561-578.
24. Johnson, R. H., and T. Keenan, 2001: Organization of oceanic convection during the onset of the 1998 east Asia summer monsoon. Preprints, 30th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Munich. Germany, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 679-681.
25. Jorgensen, D. P., and M. A. LeMone, 1989: Vertical velocity characteristics of oceanic convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 621-640.
26. Jorgensen, D. P., M. A. LeMone, and S. B. Trier, 1997: Structure and evolution of the 22 February 1993 TOGA COARE squall line: Aircraft observations of precipitation, circulation, and surface energy fluxes. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1961-1985.
27. Kawatani, Y., and M. Takahashi, 2003: Simulation of the baiu front in a high resolution AGCM. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 81, 113-126.
28. Krishnamurti, T. N., 1985: Summer monsoon experiment-A review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1590-1626.
29. Kummerow, C., and Coauthors, 2000: The status of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) after two years in orbit. J. Appl. Meteor., 39, 1965-1982.
30. Lau, K.-M., G. J. Yang, and S. H. Shen, 1988: Seasonal and intraseasonal climatology of summer monsoon rainfall over east Asia. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 18-37.
31. Lau, K.-M., and Coauthors, 2000: Report of the field operations and early results of the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 1261-1270.
32. Lau, K.-M., X. Li, and H.-T. Wu. 2002: Evolution of the large scale circulation, cloud structure and regional water cycle associated with the South China Sea monsoon during May-June, 1998. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 80, 1129-1147.
33. Leise, J. A., 1981: A multidimensional scale-telescoped filter and data extension package. NOAA Tech. Memo. ERL WPL-82, 18 pp.
34. LeMone, M. A., and E. J. Zipser, 1980: Cumulonimbus vertical velocity events in GATE. Part I: Diameter, intensity and mass flux. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 2444-2457.
35. LeMone, M. A., G. M. Barnes, E. J. Szoke, and E. J. Zipser, 1994: The tilt of the leading edge of mesoscale tropical convective lines. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 510-519.
36. LeMone, M. A., E. J. Zipser, and S. B. Trier, 1998: The role of environmental shear and thermodynamic conditions in determining the structure and evolution of mesoscale convective systems during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3493-3518.
37. Lewis, S. A., M. A. LeMone, and D. P. Jorgensen, 1998: Evolution and dynamics of a late-stage squall line that occurred on 20 February 1993 during TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 3189-3212.
38. Li, J., Y.-L. Chen, and W.-C. Lee, 1997: Analysis of a heavy rainfall event during TAMEX. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1060-1082.
39. Mohr, C. G., L. J. Miller, R. L. Vaughan, and H. W. Frank, 1986: The merger of mesoscale datasets into a common Cartesian format for efficient and systematic analyses. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 3, 143-161.
40. Moncrieff, M. W. 1992: Organized convective systems: Archetypal dynamical models, mass and momentum flux theory, and parameterization. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 118, 819-850.
41. Murakami, T., and Y. H. Ding, 1982: Wind and temperature changes over Eurasia during the early summer of 1979. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 60, 183-196.
42. Nagata, M., and Y. Ogura, 1991: A modeling case study of interaction between heavy precipitation and a low-level jet over Japan in the baiu season. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1309-1336.
43. Ninomiya, N., 1984: Characteristics of baiu front as a predominant subtropical front in the summer Northern Hemisphere. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 62, 880-894.
44. Ninomiya, N., and T. Akiyama, 1971: The development of the medium-scale disturbance in the baiu front. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 49, 663-677.
45. Ninomiya, N., and T. Murakami, 1987: The early summer rainy season (baiu) over Japan, Monsoon Meteorology, C.-P. Chang, and T. N. Krishnamurti, Eds., Oxford University Press, 93-121.
46. Oyc, R., and R. E. Carbone, 1981: Interactive Doppler editing software, Preprints, 20th Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Boston, MA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 683-689.
47. Parker, M. D., 2002: Dynamics of convective lines with leading precipitation. Preprints, 21st Conf. on Severe Local Storms, San Antonio, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 5-8.
48. Parker, M. D., and R. H. Johnson, 2000: Organizational modes of midlatitude mesoscale convective systems. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3413-3436.
49. Parker, M. D., and R. H. Johnson, 2001: Simple numerical simulation of convective lines with leading stratiform precipitation. Preprints, Ninth Conf. on Mesoscale Processes, Fort Lauderdale, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 283-287.
50. Protat, A., and Y. Lemaitre, 2001: Scale interaction involved in the initiation, structure, and evolution of the 15 December 1992 MCS observed during TOGA COARE. Part II: Mesoscale and convective-scale processes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 1779-1808.
51. Rickenbach, T. M., and S. A. Rutledge, 1998: Convection in TOGA COARE: Horizontal scale, morphology, and rainfall production. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2715-2729.
52. Rotunno, R., and J. B. Klemp, 1982: The influence of the shear induced pressure gradient on thunderstorm motion. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 136-151.
53. Rotunno, R., J. B. Klemp, and M. L., Weisman, 1988: A theory for strong, long-lived squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 463-485.
54. Rutledge, S. A., E. R. Williams, and T. D. Keenan, 1992: The Down Under Doppler and Electricity Experiment (DUNDEE): Overview and preliminary results. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 3-16.
55. Ryzhkov, A. V., and D. S. Zrnic, 1998: Polarimetric rainfall estimation in the presence of anomalous propagation. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 1320-1330.
56. Smith, R. B., and Y. Lin, 1984: Orographic rain on the western Ghats, Proceedings of the First Sino-American Workshop on Mountain Meteorology, E. R. Reiter, B. Zhu, and Y. Qian, Eds., Science Press and Amer. Meteor. Soc., 71-94.
57. Tao, S., and L. Chen, 1987: A review of recent research on the east Asian summer monsoon in China. Monsoon Meteorology, C.-P. Chang, and T. N. Krishnamurti, Eds., Oxford University Press, 60-92.
58. Trier, S. B., W. C. Skamarock, M. A. LeMone, D. B. Parsons, and D. P. Jorgensen, 1996: Structure and evolution of the 22 February 1993 TOGA COARE squall line: Numerical simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2861-2886.
59. Tu, Z.-W., and S.-S. Huang, 1944: The advance and retreat of the summer monsoon. Meteor. Mag., 18, 1-20.
60. Wakimoto, R. M., 1992: The life cycle of thunderstorm gust fronts as viewed with Doppler radar and rawinsonde data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 1060-1082.
61. Wakimoto, R. M., C. Liu, and H. Cai, 1998: The Garden City. Kansas, storm during VORTEX 95. Part I: Overview of the storm's life cycle and mesocyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 372-392.
62. Wang, J.-J., 2001: The development and structure of an oceanic squall line systems during the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Experiment. Preprints. 30th Int. Conf. on Radar Meteorology, Münich, Germany, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 400-402.
63. Weisman, M. L., 1992: The role of convectively generated rear-inflow jets in the evolution of long-lived mesoconvective systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1826-1847.
64. Williams, E. R., S. A. Rutledge, S. G. Geotis, N. Renno, E. Rasmussen, and T. Rickenbach, 1992: A radar and electrical study of tropical "hot towers," J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1386-1395.
65. Yuter, S. E., and R. A. Houze, Jr., 1995: Three-dimensional kinematic and microphysical evolution of Florida cumulonimbus. Part II: Frequency distributions of vertical velocity, reflectivity, and differential reflectivity. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1941-1963.
66. Zhu, K., 1934: Monsoon in southeast Asia and rainfall amount in China. Acta Geogr, Sin., 1, 1-27.
67. Zipser, E. J., 1977: Mesoscale and convective-scale downdrafts as distinct components of squall-line structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 105, 1568-1589.
68. Zipser, E. L. and M. A. LeMone, 1980: Cumulonimbus vertical velocity events in GATE. Part II: Synthesis and model core structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2458-2469.
69. Zipser, E. L. and K. Lutz, 1994: The vertical profile of radar reflectivity of convective cells: A strong indicator of storm intensity and lightning probability? Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1751-1759.