Conceptual clarification and policy-related science: The case of chemical hormesis

Perspectives on Science

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 346-366

  Elliott, Kevin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 2442599298     PISSN: 10636145     EISSN: 15309274     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/106361400753373731     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Appleby, A. P. 1998. "The Practical Implications of Hormetic Effects of Herbicides on Plants." Biological Effects of Low Level Exposures 6: 23-24.
2. Bechtel, W. and R. C. Richardson. 1993. Discovering Complexity: Decomposition and Localization as Strategies in Scientific Research. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
3. Bridgman, P.W. 1927. The Logic of Modern Physics. New York: Macmillan.
4. Birnbaum, L. 1994. "Endocrine Effects of Prenatal Exposure to PCBs, Dioxins, and Other Xenobiotics: Implications for Policy and Future Research." Environmental Health Perspectives 102: 676-679.
5. Calabrese, E. J. 1996. "Expanding the reference Dose Concept to Incorporate and Optimize Beneficial Effects While Preventing Toxic Responses from Nonessential Toxicants." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 24: S68-S75.
6. Calabrese, E. J. and L. Baldwin. 1998a. "Can the Concept of Hormesis Be Generalized to Carcinogenesis?" Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 28: 230-241.
7. Calabrese, E. J. and L. Baldwin. 1998b. Chemical Hormesis: Scientific Foundations. College Station, TX: Texas Institute for the Advancement of Chemical Technology.
8. Calabrese, E. J. and L. Baldwin. 1998c. "A General Classification of U-Shaped Dose-Response Relationships in Toxicology and Their Mechanistic Foundations." Human and Experimental Toxicology 17: 353-364.
9. Calabrese, E. J. and L. Baldwin. 1999a "Chemical Hormesis: Its Historical Foundations as a Biological Hypothesis." Toxicologic Pathology 27: 195-216.
10. Calabrese, E. J. and L. Baldwin. 1999b. "Reevaluation of the Fundamental Dose-Response Relationship." BioScience 49: 725-732.
11. Calabrese, E. J. and L. Baldwin. 2000a. "Chemical Hormesis: Its Historical Foundations as a Biological Hypothesis." Human and Experimental Toxicology 19: 2-31.
12. Calabrese, E. J. and L. Baldwin. 2000b. "The Marginalization of Hormesis." Human and Experimental Toxicology 19: 32-40.
13. Calabrese, E. J. and L. Baldwin. 2000c. "Radiation Hormesis: Its Historical Foundations as a Biological Hypothesis." Human andExperimental Toxicology 19: 41-75.
14. Calabrese, E. J. and L. Baldwin. 2000d. "Radiation Hormesis: The Demise of a Legitimate Hypothesis." Human and Experimental Toxicology 19: 76-84.
15. Calabrese, E. J. and L. Baldwin. 2000e. "Tales of Two Similar Hypotheses: The Rise and Fall of Chemical and Radiation Hormesis." Human and Experimental Toxicology 19: 85-97.
16. Calabrese, E. J., M. McCarthy, and E. Kenyon. 1987. "The Occurrence of Chemically Induced Hormesis." Health Physics 52: 531-541.
17. Colborn, T., D. Dumanoski, and J. P. Myers. 1996. Our Stolen Future. New York: Dutton.
18. Davis, J. M. and W. H. Farland. 1998. "Biological Effects of Low-level Exposures: A Perspective from U.S. EPA Scientists." Environmental Health Perspectives 106: 379-381.
19. Davis, J. M. and D. J. Svendsgaard. 1990. "U-Shaped Dose-Response Curves: Their Occurrence and Implications for Risk Assessment." Journal of Toxicology andEnvironmental Health 30: 71-83.
20. Elliott, K. C. 2000. "A Case for Caution: An Evaluation of Calabrese and Baldwin's Studies of Chemical Hormesis." Risk: Health, Safety, and Environment 11:177-196.
21. Foran, J. 1998. "Regulatory Implications of Hormesis." Human and Experimental Toxicology 17: 441-443.
22. Gordon, T. and J. T. Doyle. 1987. "Drinking and Mortality; The Albany Study." American Journal of Epidemiology 125: 263-270.
23. Johnson, T. E. and H. Bruunsgaard. 1998. "Implications of Hormesis for Biomedical Aging Research." Human andExperimental Toxicology 17: 263-265.
24. Mayo, D. G. 1991. "Sociological Versus Metascientific Views of Risk Assessment." in Acceptable Evidence. Edited by D. G. Mayo and R. D. Hollander. New York: Oxford.
25. Mayr, E. 1988. Towarda New Philosophy of Biology: Observations of an Evolutionist. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
26. Renn, O. 1998. "Implications of the Hormesis Hypothesis for Risk Perception and Communication." Human and Experimental Toxicology 17: 431-438.
27. Shrader-Frechette, K. S. 2000. "Radiobiological Hormesis, Methodological Value Judgments, and Metascience." Perspectives on Science, this issue.
28. Sielken, R. L. Jr. and D. E. Stevenson. 1998. "Some Implications for Quantitative Risk Assessment if Hormesis Exists." Human and Experimental Toxicology 17: 259-262.
29. Southam, C. M. and J. Ehrlich. 1943. "Effects of Extracts of Western Red-Cedar Heartwood on Certain Wood-Decaying Fungi in Culture." Phytopathology 33: 517-524.
30. Stebbing, A. R. D. 1982. "Hormesis - The Stimulation of Growth by Low Levels of Inhibitors." The Science of the Total Environment 22: 213.
31. Stebbing, A. R. D. 1997. "A Theory for Growth Hormesis." Biological Effects of Low Level Exposures 6: 1-11.
32. Teeguarden, J. G., Y. Dragan, and H. C. Pitot. 1998. "Implications of Hormesis on the Bioassay and Hazard Assessment of Chemical Carcinogens." Human andExperimental Toxicology 17: 254-258.
33. Turturro, A., B. Hass, and R. W. Hart. 1998. "Hormesis-Implications for Risk Assessment Caloric Intake Body Weight as an Exemplar." Human and Experimental Toxicology 17: 454-459.
34. Vichi, P. and T. R. Tritton. 1989. "Stimulation of Growth in Human and Murine Cells by Adriamycin." Cancer Research 49: 2679-2682.
35. Wildavsky, A. and M. Douglas. 1984. Risk andCulture. Berkeley: University of California Press.
36. Wimsatt, W. 1976. "Reductive Explanation: A Functional Account." Pp. 671-710 in PSA 1974. Edited by Robert S. Cohen. Dordrecht: Reidel.