Regionalism and globalization: Post-nation or extended nation?

Polity

Volumn 36, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 153-174

  Lupel, Adam ^a  

^a NEW SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 2442588732     PISSN: 00323497     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/POLv36n2ms3235477     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (100)

1. In fact, as many have argued, the post-cold war era has witnessed a reinvigoration of nationalism rather than its transcendence. See for example Rogers Brubaker, Nationalism Reframed (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).
2. David Held, Democracy and the Global Order (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995). David Held, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt, and Jonathan Perraton, Global Transformations (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999). Daniele Archibugi and David Held, Cosmopolitan Democracy: An Agenda for a New World Order (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995). Daniele Archibugi, "Cosmopolitical Democracy," New Left Review 4 (2000): 137-51. Daniele Archibugi, David Held, and Martin Koehler, eds. Re-imagining Political Community (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998).
3. David Held, Democracy and the Global Order (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995). David Held, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt, and Jonathan Perraton, Global Transformations (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999). Daniele Archibugi and David Held, Cosmopolitan Democracy: An Agenda for a New World Order (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995). Daniele Archibugi, "Cosmopolitical Democracy," New Left Review 4 (2000): 137-51. Daniele Archibugi, David Held, and Martin Koehler, eds. Re-imagining Political Community (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998).
4. David Held, Democracy and the Global Order (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995). David Held, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt, and Jonathan Perraton, Global Transformations (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999). Daniele Archibugi and David Held, Cosmopolitan Democracy: An Agenda for a New World Order (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995). Daniele Archibugi, "Cosmopolitical Democracy," New Left Review 4 (2000): 137-51. Daniele Archibugi, David Held, and Martin Koehler, eds. Re-imagining Political Community (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998).
5. David Held, Democracy and the Global Order (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995). David Held, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt, and Jonathan Perraton, Global Transformations (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999). Daniele Archibugi and David Held, Cosmopolitan Democracy: An Agenda for a New World Order (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995). Daniele Archibugi, "Cosmopolitical Democracy," New Left Review 4 (2000): 137-51. Daniele Archibugi, David Held, and Martin Koehler, eds. Re-imagining Political Community (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998).
6. David Held, Democracy and the Global Order (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995). David Held, Anthony McGrew, David Goldblatt, and Jonathan Perraton, Global Transformations (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999). Daniele Archibugi and David Held, Cosmopolitan Democracy: An Agenda for a New World Order (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995). Daniele Archibugi, "Cosmopolitical Democracy," New Left Review 4 (2000): 137-51. Daniele Archibugi, David Held, and Martin Koehler, eds. Re-imagining Political Community (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998).
7. Jürgen Habermas, The Postnational Constellation (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001). John Rawls, The Law of Peoples (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).
8. Jürgen Habermas, The Postnational Constellation (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001). John Rawls, The Law of Peoples (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).
9. Paul Hirst and Graham Thompson, Globalization in Question, 2nd Edition (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999). Will Kymlicka, "Citizenship in an Era of Globalization: Commentary on Held," Democracy's Edges, ed. Ian Shapiro and Casiono Hacker-Cordón (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999). Pierre Bourdieu, Acts of Resistance, trans. Richard Nice (New York: the New Press, 1998).
10. Paul Hirst and Graham Thompson, Globalization in Question, 2nd Edition (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999). Will Kymlicka, "Citizenship in an Era of Globalization: Commentary on Held," Democracy's Edges, ed. Ian Shapiro and Casiono Hacker-Cordón (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999). Pierre Bourdieu, Acts of Resistance, trans. Richard Nice (New York: the New Press, 1998).
11. Paul Hirst and Graham Thompson, Globalization in Question, 2nd Edition (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1999). Will Kymlicka, "Citizenship in an Era of Globalization: Commentary on Held," Democracy's Edges, ed. Ian Shapiro and Casiono Hacker-Cordón (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999). Pierre Bourdieu, Acts of Resistance, trans. Richard Nice (New York: the New Press, 1998).
12. Held, Democracy and the Global Order.
13. Manuel Castells, The Information Age, Vol. 1: The Rise of the Network Society (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1996). Kanishka Jayasuriya, "Globalization, Sovereignty, and the Rule of Law," Constellations 8 (December 2001):442-60. James Rosenau, Turbulence in World Politics (Brighton: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990).
14. Manuel Castells, The Information Age, Vol. 1: The Rise of the Network Society (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1996). Kanishka Jayasuriya, "Globalization, Sovereignty, and the Rule of Law," Constellations 8 (December 2001):442-60. James Rosenau, Turbulence in World Politics (Brighton: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990).
15. Manuel Castells, The Information Age, Vol. 1: The Rise of the Network Society (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1996). Kanishka Jayasuriya, "Globalization, Sovereignty, and the Rule of Law," Constellations 8 (December 2001):442-60. James Rosenau, Turbulence in World Politics (Brighton: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1990).
16. Jürgen Habermas, The Postnational Constellation, trans. Max Pensky (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001). [Hereafter cited parenthetically in text as PC.]
17. See for example, Joseph E. Stiglitz, Globalization and its Discontents (New York: W.W. Norton and Co., 2003), ix.
18. Held et al., Global Transformations.
19. Held et al. Global Transformations, 2-10. David Held and Anthony McGrew, Globalization/Anti-Globalization (Oxford: Polity Press, 2002).
20. Held et al. Global Transformations, 2-10. David Held and Anthony McGrew, Globalization/Anti-Globalization (Oxford: Polity Press, 2002).
21. See also David Held, Democracy and the Global Order, 127-36. Held et al. Global Transformations, chapters 3-5.
22. See also David Held, Democracy and the Global Order, 127-36. Held et al. Global Transformations, chapters 3-5.
23. Held, Democracy and the Global Order, 101.
24. See also Manuel Castells, The Information Age, Vol II: The Power of Identity (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1997), chapter 1. Benjam in Barber, Jihad vs. McWorld (New York: Ballantine Books, 1996).
25. See also Manuel Castells, The Information Age, Vol II: The Power of Identity (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1997), chapter 1. Benjam in Barber, Jihad vs. McWorld (New York: Ballantine Books, 1996).
26. See Anthony Giddens, The Consequences of Modernity (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990).
27. James N. Rosenau, "Governance and Democracy in a Globalizing World," in Reimagining Political Community, ed. Daniele Archibugi, David Held, and Martin Köhler (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998) and James N. Rosenau, Distant Proximities (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003).
28. James N. Rosenau, "Governance and Democracy in a Globalizing World," in Reimagining Political Community, ed. Daniele Archibugi, David Held, and Martin Köhler (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998) and James N. Rosenau, Distant Proximities (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003).
29. See also Ulrich Beck, What is Globalization? trans. Patrick Camiller (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000), 1-15.
30. Björn Hettne, András Inotai, and Osvaldo Sunkel, eds, Globalism and the New Regionalism (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999). Björn Hettne, "Global Market versus Regionalism," The Global Transformations Reader, ed. D. Held and A. McGrew, (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000), 156-66.
31. Björn Hettne, András Inotai, and Osvaldo Sunkel, eds, Globalism and the New Regionalism (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999). Björn Hettne, "Global Market versus Regionalism," The Global Transformations Reader, ed. D. Held and A. McGrew, (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000), 156-66.
32. Dudley Seers, The Political Economy of Nationalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983), 165.
33. Jürgen Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, trans. William Rehg (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1996), 463-90.
34. Most notably, of course, see Habermas's landmark two-volume The Theory of Communicative Action, trans. Thomas McCarthy (Boston: Beacon Press, Vol. I, 1984, Vol. II, 1987). Also, on the theory of discourse ethics see Jürgen Habermas, Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action, trans. C. Lenhardt and S.W. Nicholsen (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1990).
35. Most notably, of course, see Habermas's landmark two-volume The Theory of Communicative Action, trans. Thomas McCarthy (Boston: Beacon Press, Vol. I, 1984, Vol. II, 1987). Also, on the theory of discourse ethics see Jürgen Habermas, Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action, trans. C. Lenhardt and S.W. Nicholsen (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1990).
36. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, 128.
37. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, 107.
38. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, 121.
39. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, 84-104, and 463-90; Jürgen Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, ed. C. Cronin and P. De Greiff (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1998) 239-64, and Habermas, Postnational Constellation, 115-16.
40. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, 84-104, and 463-90; Jürgen Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, ed. C. Cronin and P. De Greiff (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1998) 239-64, and Habermas, Postnational Constellation, 115-16.
41. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, 84-104, and 463-90; Jürgen Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, ed. C. Cronin and P. De Greiff (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1998) 239-64, and Habermas, Postnational Constellation, 115-16.
42. Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, 260-64.
43. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, 104.
44. Habermas, Postnational Constellation, 110. Also see Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, 239-52.
45. Habermas, Postnational Constellation, 110. Also see Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, 239-52.
46. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, 104.
47. The relationship between the informal or 'weak' publics of civil society, and the formal or 'strong' publics of the administrative system has been identified as a major source of tension in Habermas's discourse theory of democracy. Habermas remains ambiguous on how communication may translate between the two. How the problems identified on the national level may become exacerbated at the regional level is an important question to pursue. See William E. Scheuerman, "Between Radicalism and Resignation: Democratic Theory in Habermas's Between Facts and Norms" in Habermas: A Critical Reader, ed. Peter Dews (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1999).
48. "Draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe" submitted by the President of the Convention to the European Council meeting in Thessaloniki on 20 June 2003. Doc. CONV 820/03. There remains much to be worked out in the final negotiations beginning in October, 2003, and ratification will require the consent of all member states-no easy feat. The extent to which the final draft of the European Constitution, if approved, will be able to address the so-called democratic deficit in practice thus at the moment remains to be seen. As a public intellectual, Habermas has long advocated a Constitution for Europe; and recently he has been a vocal supporter of a common European foreign policy. See Jürgen Habermas, "Why Europe Needs a Constitution," New Left Review 11 (Sep/Oct 2001). Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, 155-61.
49. "Draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe" submitted by the President of the Convention to the European Council meeting in Thessaloniki on 20 June 2003. Doc. CONV 820/03. There remains much to be worked out in the final negotiations beginning in October, 2003, and ratification will require the consent of all member states-no easy feat. The extent to which the final draft of the European Constitution, if approved, will be able to address the so-called democratic deficit in practice thus at the moment remains to be seen. As a public intellectual, Habermas has long advocated a Constitution for Europe; and recently he has been a vocal supporter of a common European foreign policy. See Jürgen Habermas, "Why Europe Needs a Constitution," New Left Review 11 (Sep/Oct 2001). Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, 155-61.
50. Jürgen Habermas and Jacques Derrida, "February 15th, or, What Binds Europeans Together: A Plea for a Common Foreign Policy, Beginning in the Heart of Europe," Constellations 10:3 (September 2003): 291-97.
51. It remains to be seen whether the absence of a common language among Europeans may present an obstacle to the formation of a truly transnational public sphere. Habermas suggests that national education systems would in fact have to provide the basis for such a common language, most likely English (PC 103). However, the reliance on a second or third language raises the concern that postnational democratic politics would be dominated by an elite agenda. As Will Kymlicka has said, democracy is "politics in the vernacular." Will Kymlicka, Politics in the Vernacular (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001). Yet others have argued that multi-lingual debate can actually enhance the quality of deliberation. See William Scheuerman, "Globalization and Democratic Theory," Polity 33 (Winter 2001): 339.
52. It remains to be seen whether the absence of a common language among Europeans may present an obstacle to the formation of a truly transnational public sphere. Habermas suggests that national education systems would in fact have to provide the basis for such a common language, most likely English (PC 103). However, the reliance on a second or third language raises the concern that postnational democratic politics would be dominated by an elite agenda. As Will Kymlicka has said, democracy is "politics in the vernacular." Will Kymlicka, Politics in the Vernacular (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001). Yet others have argued that multi-lingual debate can actually enhance the quality of deliberation. See William Scheuerman, "Globalization and Democratic Theory," Polity 33 (Winter 2001): 339.
53. "Draft treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe: Preamble," doc. CONV 820/03, 4.
54. For a recent account of Habermas's career as a public intellectual from the 1950s to the turn of the millenium see Martin Beck Matuŝtík, Jürgen Habermas: A Philosophical-Political Profile (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2001).
55. Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, chapter 4.
56. Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, 115.
57. Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, 114-17.
58. Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, 115.
59. Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, 225. See also Jürgen Habermas, The New Conservatism: Cultural Criticism and the Historians' Debate, trans. S.W. Nicholsen (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989).
60. Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, 225. See also Jürgen Habermas, The New Conservatism: Cultural Criticism and the Historians' Debate, trans. S.W. Nicholsen (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989).
61. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, 122.
62. Habermas, Between Facts and Norms, 499.
63. Jürgen Habermas, "Why Europe Needs a Constitution," 8.
64. See for example, Jürgen Habermas, "The European Nation-State and the Pressures of Globalization," in Global Justice and Transnational Politics, ed. Pablo De Grief and Ciaran Cronin (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2002). Also, it bears mentioning that the "Washington Consensus" is less and less an actual consensus. See the scathing insider critique by Joseph E. Stiglitz in Globalization and its Discontents (New York: Norton, 2002).
65. See for example, Jürgen Habermas, "The European Nation-State and the Pressures of Globalization," in Global Justice and Transnational Politics, ed. Pablo De Grief and Ciaran Cronin (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2002). Also, it bears mentioning that the "Washington Consensus" is less and less an actual consensus. See the scathing insider critique by Joseph E. Stiglitz in Globalization and its Discontents (New York: Norton, 2002).
66. Eric Hobsbawm, The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914-1991 (New York: Vintage, 1994).
67. See for example, Habermas and Derrida, "February 15th, or, What Binds Europeans Together."
68. Craig Calhoun, "The Class Consciousness of Frequent Travelers: Towards a Critique of Actually Existing Cosmopolitanism," South Atlantic Quarterly 101 (Fall 2002): 869-97.
69. Dudley Seers in discussing the political economy of the European Union discusses the future of Europe in these terms. Seers. The Political Economy of Nationalism. See also Hettne, "Global Market versus Regionalism."
70. Dudley Seers in discussing the political economy of the European Union discusses the future of Europe in these terms. Seers. The Political Economy of Nationalism. See also Hettne, "Global Market versus Regionalism."
71. Calhoun, South Atlantic Quarterly, note 16. See also, Craig Calhoun, "Constitutional Patriotism and the Public Sphere: Interests, Identity, and Solidarity in the Integration of Europe," in De Grief and Cronin, Global Justice and Transnational Politics, 279.
72. Calhoun, South Atlantic Quarterly, note 16. See also, Craig Calhoun, "Constitutional Patriotism and the Public Sphere: Interests, Identity, and Solidarity in the Integration of Europe," in De Grief and Cronin, Global Justice and Transnational Politics, 279.
73. Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, What is the Third Estate? trans. M. Blondel, ed. S. E. Finer (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1964 [1789]), 58. Also see Ulrich Preuss, "Constitutional Powermaking for the New Polity: Some Deliberations on the Relations between Constituent Power and the Constitution," Cardozo Law Review 14 (January 1993): 645.
74. Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, What is the Third Estate? trans. M. Blondel, ed. S. E. Finer (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1964 [1789]), 58. Also see Ulrich Preuss, "Constitutional Powermaking for the New Polity: Some Deliberations on the Relations between Constituent Power and the Constitution," Cardozo Law Review 14 (January 1993): 645.
75. In this sense it is important to note that I do not equate the ethnic/civic nationalism divide to be one between culture and reason, or between inheritance and choice, such as in Michael Ignatieff's Blood and Belonging (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1993). Rather as stated I understand the distinction as one between prepolitical identity and identity inseparable from political and legal institutions. Habermas is clear that "constitutional patriotism" includes a dimension of culture or shared way of life. See also Kymlicka, Politics in the Vernacular, 41, note 3.
76. In this sense it is important to note that I do not equate the ethnic/civic nationalism divide to be one between culture and reason, or between inheritance and choice, such as in Michael Ignatieff's Blood and Belonging (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1993). Rather as stated I understand the distinction as one between prepolitical identity and identity inseparable from political and legal institutions. Habermas is clear that "constitutional patriotism" includes a dimension of culture or shared way of life. See also Kymlicka, Politics in the Vernacular, 41, note 3.
77. Hettne, "Global Market versus Regionalism," 164.
78. Held et al., Global Transformations, 168. See also Manuel Castells, The Information Age, Vol. I: The Rise of the Network Society, Second Edition (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2000), 110-16.
79. Held et al., Global Transformations, 168. See also Manuel Castells, The Information Age, Vol. I: The Rise of the Network Society, Second Edition (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2000), 110-16.
80. Castells, The Rise of the Network Society.
81. Deborah J. Yashar, "Contesting Citizenship: Indigenous Movements and Democracy in Latin America, " Comparative Politics 31 (October 1998): 25.
82. Yashar, "Contesting Citizenship." See also Deborah J. Yashar, "Democracy, Indigenous Movements, and the Postliberal Challenge in Latin America," World Politics 52 (October 1999): 76-104.
83. Yashar, "Contesting Citizenship." See also Deborah J. Yashar, "Democracy, Indigenous Movements, and the Postliberal Challenge in Latin America," World Politics 52 (October 1999): 76-104.
84. Peter J. Katzenstein, "World of Regions," Lecture to the Political Science Colloquium, The Graduate Faculty, New School University, March 2002.
85. Robert Gilpin, The Challenge of Global Capitalism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000), 266.
86. Katzenstein, "World of Regions." Also for more on the network economy of Asia see P. Katzenstein and T. Shiraishi, eds., Network Power: Japan and Asia (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997).
87. Katzenstein, "World of Regions." Also for more on the network economy of Asia see P. Katzenstein and T. Shiraishi, eds., Network Power: Japan and Asia (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997).
88. Max Weber, The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, trans. A.M Henderson and Talcott Parsons, ed. Talcott Parsons (New York: Oxford University Press, 1947), 154.
89. Weber, Social and Economic Organization, 156.
90. Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988), and Joel S. Migdal, State in Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
91. Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988), and Joel S. Migdal, State in Society (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
92. Migdal, State in Society, 15-16, 22.
93. Most notably Immanuel Kant, "Toward Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch" (1796).
94. Held, Democracy and the Global Order.
95. Jürgen Habermas, "The European Nation-State and the Pressures of Globalization," in Global Justice and Transnational Politics, 232.
96. Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, 179.
97. Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, 181.
98. Habermas, The Inclusion of the Other, 183.
99. According to Habermas, the universality of cosmopolitan right and the particularity of democratic legitimacy may be reconciled in the concept of "constitutional patriotism." However, as Robert Fine and Will Smith have recently argued, "constitutional patriotism" may prove to be either too strong or too weak to be successful. Either it strongly binds a political community together around their own vigorous particular interpretations of abstract constitutional rights at the cost of cosmopolitan identification, or its content remains at such a level of generality that it allows for cosmopolitan identification but fails to produce the "ethic of solidarity" on the domestic level necessary for the production of democratic legitimacy. See Robert Fine and Will Smith, "Jürgen Habermas's Theory of Cosmopolitanism," Constellations 10 (December 2003): 469-87.
100. Habermas, "Why Europe Needs a Constitution."