Rural social relations, 1830-50: Opposition to allotments for labourers

Agricultural History Review

Volumn 45, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 165-175

  Burchardt, Jeremy ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 2442571577     PISSN: 00021490     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (64)

1. The article referred to is D C Barnett, 'Allotments and the problem of rural poverty, 1780-1840', in E L Jones and G E Mingay, eds, Land, Labour and Population in the Industrial Revolution: Essays Presented to J D Chambers, 1967, pp 162-83.
2. The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXXXVII, 1842, p 107; BPP, 1868-9, X, SC on the Inclosure Act, p 329. The acts mentioned in the text are 59 Geo III c 12, 1 and 2 Will IV c 42, 1 and 2 Will IV c 59, 2 Will IV c 42, 8 and 9 Vict c 118, and 50 and 51 Vict c 48.
3. The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXXXVII, 1842, p 107; BPP, 1868-9, X, SC on the Inclosure Act, p 329. The acts mentioned in the text are 59 Geo III c 12, 1 and 2 Will IV c 42, 1 and 2 Will IV c 59, 2 Will IV c 42, 8 and 9 Vict c 118, and 50 and 51 Vict c 48.
4. J R McCulloch, 'The cottage system', Encyclopaedia Britannica Supplement, III, Edinburgh, 1824; J S Mill, The claims of labour', Edinburgh Review, LXXXI, 1845, pp 521-5; Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, III, 5th edn, 1817, p 241; [Thomas Chalmers], 'The Report of the Select Committee on the Poor Laws', Edinburgh Review, XXIX, 1817/8, p 272; [E Copleston], A Second Letter to Robert Peel, on the Causes of the Increase of Pauperism, and on the Poor Laws, 1819, p 106; Peter Mandler, 'The making of the New Poor Law Redivivus', Past and Pres, 117, 1987, p 156.
5. J R McCulloch, 'The cottage system', Encyclopaedia Britannica Supplement, III, Edinburgh, 1824; J S Mill, The claims of labour', Edinburgh Review, LXXXI, 1845, pp 521-5; Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, III, 5th edn, 1817, p 241; [Thomas Chalmers], 'The Report of the Select Committee on the Poor Laws', Edinburgh Review, XXIX, 1817/8, p 272; [E Copleston], A Second Letter to Robert Peel, on the Causes of the Increase of Pauperism, and on the Poor Laws, 1819, p 106; Peter Mandler, 'The making of the New Poor Law Redivivus', Past and Pres, 117, 1987, p 156.
6. J R McCulloch, 'The cottage system', Encyclopaedia Britannica Supplement, III, Edinburgh, 1824; J S Mill, The claims of labour', Edinburgh Review, LXXXI, 1845, pp 521-5; Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, III, 5th edn, 1817, p 241; [Thomas Chalmers], 'The Report of the Select Committee on the Poor Laws', Edinburgh Review, XXIX, 1817/8, p 272; [E Copleston], A Second Letter to Robert Peel, on the Causes of the Increase of Pauperism, and on the Poor Laws, 1819, p 106; Peter Mandler, 'The making of the New Poor Law Redivivus', Past and Pres, 117, 1987, p 156.
7. J R McCulloch, 'The cottage system', Encyclopaedia Britannica Supplement, III, Edinburgh, 1824; J S Mill, The claims of labour', Edinburgh Review, LXXXI, 1845, pp 521-5; Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, III, 5th edn, 1817, p 241; [Thomas Chalmers], 'The Report of the Select Committee on the Poor Laws', Edinburgh Review, XXIX, 1817/8, p 272; [E Copleston], A Second Letter to Robert Peel, on the Causes of the Increase of Pauperism, and on the Poor Laws, 1819, p 106; Peter Mandler, 'The making of the New Poor Law Redivivus', Past and Pres, 117, 1987, p 156.
8. J R McCulloch, 'The cottage system', Encyclopaedia Britannica Supplement, III, Edinburgh, 1824; J S Mill, The claims of labour', Edinburgh Review, LXXXI, 1845, pp 521-5; Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, III, 5th edn, 1817, p 241; [Thomas Chalmers], 'The Report of the Select Committee on the Poor Laws', Edinburgh Review, XXIX, 1817/8, p 272; [E Copleston], A Second Letter to Robert Peel, on the Causes of the Increase of Pauperism, and on the Poor Laws, 1819, p 106; Peter Mandler, 'The making of the New Poor Law Redivivus', Past and Pres, 117, 1987, p 156.
9. J R McCulloch, 'The cottage system', Encyclopaedia Britannica Supplement, III, Edinburgh, 1824; J S Mill, The claims of labour', Edinburgh Review, LXXXI, 1845, pp 521-5; Thomas Malthus, An Essay on the Principle of Population, III, 5th edn, 1817, p 241; [Thomas Chalmers], 'The Report of the Select Committee on the Poor Laws', Edinburgh Review, XXIX, 1817/8, p 272; [E Copleston], A Second Letter to Robert Peel, on the Causes of the Increase of Pauperism, and on the Poor Laws, 1819, p 106; Peter Mandler, 'The making of the New Poor Law Redivivus', Past and Pres, 117, 1987, p 156.
10. Earl Fortescue, 'Poor men's gardens', The Nineteenth Century Magazine, CXXXIII, 1888, pp 395-6; see also Boyd Hilton, The Age of Atonement, 1988, p 38.
11. Earl Fortescue, 'Poor men's gardens', The Nineteenth Century Magazine, CXXXIII, 1888, pp 395-6; see also Boyd Hilton, The Age of Atonement, 1988, p 38.
12. BPP, 1834, XXVIII, RC on the State of the Poor Laws, pp 27, 124-6.
13. BPP, 1834, XXVIII, p 27.
14. BPP, 1843, VII, SC on the Labouring Poor, p 26.
15. BPP, 1834, XXVIII, p 669.
16. The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXXX, 1842, p 10; BPP, 1843, VII, pp 11, 14, 122; The Labourer's Friend, XXX, 1846, p 208.
17. The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXXX, 1842, p 10; BPP, 1843, VII, pp 11, 14, 122; The Labourer's Friend, XXX, 1846, p 208.
18. The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXVII, 1840, p 176.
19. The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CLIII, 1843, p 179.
20. BPP, 1834, XXVIII, p 300; 1830-31, VIII, SC on the State of the Poor Laws, p 311; Facts and Illustrations, nd [c1830], p 124; The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXVIII, 1841, p 9.
21. BPP, 1834, XXVIII, p 300; 1830-31, VIII, SC on the State of the Poor Laws, p 311; Facts and Illustrations, nd [c1830], p 124; The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXVIII, 1841, p 9.
22. BPP, 1834, XXVIII, p 300; 1830-31, VIII, SC on the State of the Poor Laws, p 311; Facts and Illustrations, nd [c1830], p 124; The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXVIII, 1841, p 9.
23. Facts and Illustrations, p 114.
24. BPP, 1830-31, VIII, p 40.
25. BPP, 1834, XXVIII, p 298.
26. BPP 1834, XXVIII, p 126.
27. The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CLIV, 1844, p 5.
28. BPP 1834, XXVIII, p 126.
29. BPP, 1830-31, VIII, p 51.
30. The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CLIV, 1844, p 5; Facts and Illustrations, p 422; J L and B Hammond, The Village Labourer, 4th edn, 1927, p 136; B Reay, The Last Rising of the Agricultural Labourers, 1990, pp 31-4; J L and B Hammond, The Village Labourer, p 136; BPP, 1833, V, SC on Agriculture, p 525.
31. The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CLIV, 1844, p 5; Facts and Illustrations, p 422; J L and B Hammond, The Village Labourer, 4th edn, 1927, p 136; B Reay, The Last Rising of the Agricultural Labourers, 1990, pp 31-4; J L and B Hammond, The Village Labourer, p 136; BPP, 1833, V, SC on Agriculture, p 525.
32. The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CLIV, 1844, p 5; Facts and Illustrations, p 422; J L and B Hammond, The Village Labourer, 4th edn, 1927, p 136; B Reay, The Last Rising of the Agricultural Labourers, 1990, pp 31-4; J L and B Hammond, The Village Labourer, p 136; BPP, 1833, V, SC on Agriculture, p 525.
33. The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CLIV, 1844, p 5; Facts and Illustrations, p 422; J L and B Hammond, The Village Labourer, 4th edn, 1927, p 136; B Reay, The Last Rising of the Agricultural Labourers, 1990, pp 31-4; J L and B Hammond, The Village Labourer, p 136; BPP, 1833, V, SC on Agriculture, p 525.
34. The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CLIV, 1844, p 5; Facts and Illustrations, p 422; J L and B Hammond, The Village Labourer, 4th edn, 1927, p 136; B Reay, The Last Rising of the Agricultural Labourers, 1990, pp 31-4; J L and B Hammond, The Village Labourer, p 136; BPP, 1833, V, SC on Agriculture, p 525.
35. The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CLIV, 1844, p 5; Facts and Illustrations, p 422; J L and B Hammond, The Village Labourer, 4th edn, 1927, p 136; B Reay, The Last Rising of the Agricultural Labourers, 1990, pp 31-4; J L and B Hammond, The Village Labourer, p 136; BPP, 1833, V, SC on Agriculture, p 525.
36. For the bitterness of opposition to allotments in East Anglia, see for example: Facts and Illustrations, pp 194, 226; BPP, 1834, XXXVII, RC on the State of the Poor Laws, pp 372-3; 1843, VII, p 39; 1843, XII, Report on the Employment of Women and Children in Agriculture, p 269; Bury and Suffolk Herald, 22 Jan 1845; The Labourer's Friend, XXXIV, 1847, pp 40-43, and XCVI, 1852, pp 66-73. For the efforts of the West Kent Labourer's Friend Society to reconcile farmers to the allotment system, and evidence of its success in doing so, see The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXXX, 1842, p 9, CLIII, 1843, p 186, and CLIV, 1844, p 6.
37. For the bitterness of opposition to allotments in East Anglia, see for example: Facts and Illustrations, pp 194, 226; BPP, 1834, XXXVII, RC on the State of the Poor Laws, pp 372-3; 1843, VII, p 39; 1843, XII, Report on the Employment of Women and Children in Agriculture, p 269; Bury and Suffolk Herald, 22 Jan 1845; The Labourer's Friend, XXXIV, 1847, pp 40-43, and XCVI, 1852, pp 66-73. For the efforts of the West Kent Labourer's Friend Society to reconcile farmers to the allotment system, and evidence of its success in doing so, see The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXXX, 1842, p 9, CLIII, 1843, p 186, and CLIV, 1844, p 6.
38. For the bitterness of opposition to allotments in East Anglia, see for example: Facts and Illustrations, pp 194, 226; BPP, 1834, XXXVII, RC on the State of the Poor Laws, pp 372-3; 1843, VII, p 39; 1843, XII, Report on the Employment of Women and Children in Agriculture, p 269; Bury and Suffolk Herald, 22 Jan 1845; The Labourer's Friend, XXXIV, 1847, pp 40-43, and XCVI, 1852, pp 66-73. For the efforts of the West Kent Labourer's Friend Society to reconcile farmers to the allotment system, and evidence of its success in doing so, see The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXXX, 1842, p 9, CLIII, 1843, p 186, and CLIV, 1844, p 6.
39. For the bitterness of opposition to allotments in East Anglia, see for example: Facts and Illustrations, pp 194, 226; BPP, 1834, XXXVII, RC on the State of the Poor Laws, pp 372-3; 1843, VII, p 39; 1843, XII, Report on the Employment of Women and Children in Agriculture, p 269; Bury and Suffolk Herald, 22 Jan 1845; The Labourer's Friend, XXXIV, 1847, pp 40-43, and XCVI, 1852, pp 66-73. For the efforts of the West Kent Labourer's Friend Society to reconcile farmers to the allotment system, and evidence of its success in doing so, see The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXXX, 1842, p 9, CLIII, 1843, p 186, and CLIV, 1844, p 6.
40. For the bitterness of opposition to allotments in East Anglia, see for example: Facts and Illustrations, pp 194, 226; BPP, 1834, XXXVII, RC on the State of the Poor Laws, pp 372-3; 1843, VII, p 39; 1843, XII, Report on the Employment of Women and Children in Agriculture, p 269; Bury and Suffolk Herald, 22 Jan 1845; The Labourer's Friend, XXXIV, 1847, pp 40-43, and XCVI, 1852, pp 66-73. For the efforts of the West Kent Labourer's Friend Society to reconcile farmers to the allotment system, and evidence of its success in doing so, see The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXXX, 1842, p 9, CLIII, 1843, p 186, and CLIV, 1844, p 6.
41. For the bitterness of opposition to allotments in East Anglia, see for example: Facts and Illustrations, pp 194, 226; BPP, 1834, XXXVII, RC on the State of the Poor Laws, pp 372-3; 1843, VII, p 39; 1843, XII, Report on the Employment of Women and Children in Agriculture, p 269; Bury and Suffolk Herald, 22 Jan 1845; The Labourer's Friend, XXXIV, 1847, pp 40-43, and XCVI, 1852, pp 66-73. For the efforts of the West Kent Labourer's Friend Society to reconcile farmers to the allotment system, and evidence of its success in doing so, see The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXXX, 1842, p 9, CLIII, 1843, p 186, and CLIV, 1844, p 6.
42. For the bitterness of opposition to allotments in East Anglia, see for example: Facts and Illustrations, pp 194, 226; BPP, 1834, XXXVII, RC on the State of the Poor Laws, pp 372-3; 1843, VII, p 39; 1843, XII, Report on the Employment of Women and Children in Agriculture, p 269; Bury and Suffolk Herald, 22 Jan 1845; The Labourer's Friend, XXXIV, 1847, pp 40-43, and XCVI, 1852, pp 66-73. For the efforts of the West Kent Labourer's Friend Society to reconcile farmers to the allotment system, and evidence of its success in doing so, see The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXXX, 1842, p 9, CLIII, 1843, p 186, and CLIV, 1844, p 6.
43. For the bitterness of opposition to allotments in East Anglia, see for example: Facts and Illustrations, pp 194, 226; BPP, 1834, XXXVII, RC on the State of the Poor Laws, pp 372-3; 1843, VII, p 39; 1843, XII, Report on the Employment of Women and Children in Agriculture, p 269; Bury and Suffolk Herald, 22 Jan 1845; The Labourer's Friend, XXXIV, 1847, pp 40-43, and XCVI, 1852, pp 66-73. For the efforts of the West Kent Labourer's Friend Society to reconcile farmers to the allotment system, and evidence of its success in doing so, see The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXXX, 1842, p 9, CLIII, 1843, p 186, and CLIV, 1844, p 6.
44. For the bitterness of opposition to allotments in East Anglia, see for example: Facts and Illustrations, pp 194, 226; BPP, 1834, XXXVII, RC on the State of the Poor Laws, pp 372-3; 1843, VII, p 39; 1843, XII, Report on the Employment of Women and Children in Agriculture, p 269; Bury and Suffolk Herald, 22 Jan 1845; The Labourer's Friend, XXXIV, 1847, pp 40-43, and XCVI, 1852, pp 66-73. For the efforts of the West Kent Labourer's Friend Society to reconcile farmers to the allotment system, and evidence of its success in doing so, see The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXXX, 1842, p 9, CLIII, 1843, p 186, and CLIV, 1844, p 6.
45. For the bitterness of opposition to allotments in East Anglia, see for example: Facts and Illustrations, pp 194, 226; BPP, 1834, XXXVII, RC on the State of the Poor Laws, pp 372-3; 1843, VII, p 39; 1843, XII, Report on the Employment of Women and Children in Agriculture, p 269; Bury and Suffolk Herald, 22 Jan 1845; The Labourer's Friend, XXXIV, 1847, pp 40-43, and XCVI, 1852, pp 66-73. For the efforts of the West Kent Labourer's Friend Society to reconcile farmers to the allotment system, and evidence of its success in doing so, see The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CXXX, 1842, p 9, CLIII, 1843, p 186, and CLIV, 1844, p 6.
46. BPP, 1843, VII, pp 2, 133, and XII, p 265; The Labourer's Friend, VI, 1844, p 115; The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CII, 1839, p 123.
47. BPP, 1843, VII, pp 2, 133, and XII, p 265; The Labourer's Friend, VI, 1844, p 115; The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CII, 1839, p 123.
48. BPP, 1843, VII, pp 2, 133, and XII, p 265; The Labourer's Friend, VI, 1844, p 115; The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CII, 1839, p 123.
49. BPP, 1843, XII, p 265; 1834, XXVIII, p 126.
50. The Labourer's Friend Magazine, LIX, 1836, p 36.
51. BPP, 1843, VII, pp 2, 39; 1834, XXVIII, pp 170-1.
52. BPP, 1830-31, VIII, p 51.
53. BPP, 1843, XII, pp 265, 294; 1834, XXVIII, p 481; Facts and Illustrations, p 124.
54. BPP, 1834, XXVIII, p 27.
55. BPP, 1843, VII, pp 2, 133, and XII, p 88.
56. BPP, 1843, XII, p 269.
57. BPP, 1834, XXVIII, pp 170-1.
58. Bury and Suffolk Herald, 22 Jan 1845; BPP, 1834, XXVIII, pp 124-6.
59. BPP, 1843, VII, p 108.
60. BPP, 1834, XXXI, RC on the State of the Poor Laws, p 289.
61. BPP, 1834, XXVIII, pp 124-6.
62. The Labourer's Friend Magazine, CLIV, 1844, p 5.
63. Morning Chronicle, 17 June 1844; J E Archer, By a Flash and a Scare, 1990, pp 61-6.
64. Morning Chronicle, 17 June 1844; J E Archer, By a Flash and a Scare, 1990, pp 61-6.