메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 86, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 760-772

Intelligence and Maturity: Meta-Analytic Evidence for the Incremental and Discriminant Validity of Loevinger's Measure of Ego Development

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; EGO; EGO DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE; MALE; META ANALYSIS; MIDDLE AGED; PERSONALITY TEST; PHYSIOLOGY; REPRODUCIBILITY; REVIEW; STATISTICS;

EID: 2442548732     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.86.5.760     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (53)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 0031092425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intelligence, personality, and interests: Evidence for overlapping traits
    • Ackerman, P. L., & Heggestad, E. D. (1997). Intelligence, personality, and interests: Evidence for overlapping traits. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 219-245.
    • (1997) Psychological Bulletin , vol.121 , pp. 219-245
    • Ackerman, P.L.1    Heggestad, E.D.2
  • 2
    • 0024086182 scopus 로고
    • Object relations and ego development: Comparison and correlates in middle childhood
    • Avery, R. R., & Ryan, R. M. (1988). Object relations and ego development: Comparison and correlates in middle childhood. Journal of Personality, 56, 547-569.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality , vol.56 , pp. 547-569
    • Avery, R.R.1    Ryan, R.M.2
  • 4
    • 0029065848 scopus 로고
    • On the relation between IQ, impulsivity, and delinquency: Remarks on the Lynam, Moffitt, and Stouthamer-Loeber (1993) interpretation
    • Block, J. (1995). On the relation between IQ, impulsivity, and delinquency: Remarks on the Lynam, Moffitt, and Stouthamer-Loeber (1993) interpretation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 395-398.
    • (1995) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.104 , pp. 395-398
    • Block, J.1
  • 6
    • 0022992581 scopus 로고
    • Psychiatric ward behavior and length of stay in adolescent and young adult inpatients: A developmental approach to prediction
    • Browning, D. L. (1986). Psychiatric ward behavior and length of stay in adolescent and young adult inpatients: A developmental approach to prediction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 227-230.
    • (1986) Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 227-230
    • Browning, D.L.1
  • 7
    • 0023377983 scopus 로고
    • Ego development, authoritarianism, and social status: An investigation of the incremental validity of Loevinger's Sentence Completion Test (Short Form)
    • Browning, D. L. (1987). Ego development, authoritarianism, and social status: An investigation of the incremental validity of Loevinger's Sentence Completion Test (Short Form). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 113-118.
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.53 , pp. 113-118
    • Browning, D.L.1
  • 8
    • 0021796494 scopus 로고
    • Ego development and intelligence in a psychiatric population: Wechsler subtest scores
    • Browning, D. L., & Quinlan, D. M. (1985). Ego development and intelligence in a psychiatric population: Wechsler subtest scores. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 260-263.
    • (1985) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.49 , pp. 260-263
    • Browning, D.L.1    Quinlan, D.M.2
  • 11
    • 0026127437 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in the course of personality development: A meta-analysis
    • Cohn, L. D. (1991). Sex differences in the course of personality development: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 252-266.
    • (1991) Psychological Bulletin , vol.109 , pp. 252-266
    • Cohn, L.D.1
  • 13
    • 0142136688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How meta-analysis increases statistical power
    • Cohn, L. D., & Becker, B. J. (2003). How meta-analysis increases statistical power. Psychological Methods, 8, 243-253.
    • (2003) Psychological Methods , vol.8 , pp. 243-253
    • Cohn, L.D.1    Becker, B.J.2
  • 14
    • 25344448612 scopus 로고
    • The effects of grade level and motivation training on ego development
    • Doctoral dissertation, Washington University, 1970
    • Coor, I. F. (1970). The effects of grade level and motivation training on ego development (Doctoral dissertation, Washington University, 1970). Dissertation Abstracts International, 31, 332A.
    • (1970) Dissertation Abstracts International , vol.31
    • Coor, I.F.1
  • 15
    • 2442567866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of the perceived competence of preadolescents or relation to ego, development and maladaptive behavior
    • (April). Paper presented, Albuquerque, NM
    • Doehring, P. (1999, April). Differentiation of the perceived competence of preadolescents or relation to ego, development and maladaptive behavior. Paper presented at the meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Albuquerque, NM.
    • (1999) Meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development
    • Doehring, P.1
  • 16
    • 0035007643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of modified instructions on ego level scores: A psychometric hazard or indication of optimal ego level?
    • Drewes, M. J., & Westenberg, P. M. (2001). The impact of modified instructions on ego level scores: A psychometric hazard or indication of optimal ego level? Journal of Personality Assessment, 76, 229-249.
    • (2001) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.76 , pp. 229-249
    • Drewes, M.J.1    Westenberg, P.M.2
  • 17
    • 0023359360 scopus 로고
    • Childhood correlates of adult ego development
    • Dubow, E. F., Huesmann, L. R., & Eron, L. D. (1987). Childhood correlates of adult ego development. Child Development, 58, 859-869.
    • (1987) Child Development , vol.58 , pp. 859-869
    • Dubow, E.F.1    Huesmann, L.R.2    Eron, L.D.3
  • 18
    • 0032135210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shame, guilt, ego development, and the five-factor model of personality
    • Einstein, D., & Lanning, K. (1998). Shame, guilt, ego development, and the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Personality, 66, 555-582.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality , vol.66 , pp. 555-582
    • Einstein, D.1    Lanning, K.2
  • 19
    • 84953537160 scopus 로고
    • The relation of ego development to intellectual and ethical development
    • Doctoral dissertation, Washington University, 1974
    • Farrell, G. E. P. (1974). The relation of ego development to intellectual and ethical development (Doctoral dissertation, Washington University, 1974). Dissertation Abstracts International, 35, 4648B.
    • (1974) Dissertation Abstracts International , vol.35
    • Farrell, G.E.P.1
  • 21
    • 0017093445 scopus 로고
    • Ego development and female delinquency: A cognitive-developmental approach
    • Frank, S., & Quinlan, D. M. (1976). Ego development and female delinquency: A cognitive-developmental approach. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 85, 505-510.
    • (1976) Journal of Abnormal Psychology , vol.85 , pp. 505-510
    • Frank, S.1    Quinlan, D.M.2
  • 22
    • 0019719283 scopus 로고
    • Ego identity status, ego development, and locus of control in college women
    • Ginsburg, S. D., & Orlofsky, J. L. (1981). Ego identity status, ego development, and locus of control in college women. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 10, 297-307.
    • (1981) Journal of Youth and Adolescence , vol.10 , pp. 297-307
    • Ginsburg, S.D.1    Orlofsky, J.L.2
  • 23
    • 0015777659 scopus 로고
    • Moral and ego stages in relationship to ego processes: A study of "hippies"
    • Haan, N., Stroud, J., & Holstein, C. (1973). Moral and ego stages in relationship to ego processes: A study of "hippies." Journal of Personality, 41, 596-612.
    • (1973) Journal of Personality , vol.41 , pp. 596-612
    • Haan, N.1    Stroud, J.2    Holstein, C.3
  • 26
    • 0001154815 scopus 로고
    • Loevinger's model and measure of ego development: A critical review
    • Hauser, S. T. (1976). Loevinger's model and measure of ego development: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 33, 928-955.
    • (1976) Psychological Bulletin , vol.33 , pp. 928-955
    • Hauser, S.T.1
  • 27
    • 2442565722 scopus 로고
    • Loevinger's ego development measures: A new research tool?
    • Head, J., & Shayer, M. (1980). Loevinger's ego development measures: A new research tool? British Educational Research Journal, 6, 21-27.
    • (1980) British Educational Research Journal , vol.6 , pp. 21-27
    • Head, J.1    Shayer, M.2
  • 31
    • 0017617341 scopus 로고
    • Ego development and conformity: A construct validity study of the Washington University Sentence Completion Test
    • Hoppe, C. F., & Loevinger, J. (1977). Ego development and conformity: A construct validity study of the Washington University Sentence Completion Test. Journal of Personality Assessment, 41, 497-504.
    • (1977) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.41 , pp. 497-504
    • Hoppe, C.F.1    Loevinger, J.2
  • 35
    • 0026058522 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and correlates of breast-feeding in socioeconomically disadvantaged women
    • Jacobson, S. W., Jacobson, J. L., & Frye, K. F. (1991). Incidence and correlates of breast-feeding in socioeconomically disadvantaged women. Pediatrics, 88, 728-736.
    • (1991) Pediatrics , vol.88 , pp. 728-736
    • Jacobson, S.W.1    Jacobson, J.L.2    Frye, K.F.3
  • 36
    • 0023351035 scopus 로고
    • Effects of modified instructions on the Washington University Sentence Completion Test of Ego Development
    • Jurich, J., & Holt, R. R. (1987). Effects of modified instructions on the Washington University Sentence Completion Test of Ego Development. Journal of Personality Assessment, 51, 186-193.
    • (1987) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.51 , pp. 186-193
    • Jurich, J.1    Holt, R.R.2
  • 37
    • 84973691226 scopus 로고
    • Polar versus milestone variables in adolescent ego development
    • Kishton, J., Starrett, R. H., & Lucas, J. L. (1984). Polar versus milestone variables in adolescent ego development. Journal of Early Adolescence, 4, 53-64.
    • (1984) Journal of Early Adolescence , vol.4 , pp. 53-64
    • Kishton, J.1    Starrett, R.H.2    Lucas, J.L.3
  • 39
    • 0024834767 scopus 로고
    • Speaking about feelings: Conceptions of emotion across the life span
    • Labouvie-Vief, G., DeVoe, M., & Bulka, D. (1989). Speaking about feelings: Conceptions of emotion across the life span. Psychology and Aging, 4, 425-437.
    • (1989) Psychology and Aging , vol.4 , pp. 425-437
    • Labouvie-Vief, G.1    DeVoe, M.2    Bulka, D.3
  • 44
    • 84970104246 scopus 로고
    • Construct validity of the Sentence Completion Test of Ego Development
    • Loevinger, J. (1979). Construct validity of the Sentence Completion Test of Ego Development. Applied Psychological Measurement, 3, 281-311.
    • (1979) Applied Psychological Measurement , vol.3 , pp. 281-311
    • Loevinger, J.1
  • 45
    • 0022020964 scopus 로고
    • Revision of the Sentence Completion Test for ego development
    • Loevinger, J. (1985). Revision of the Sentence Completion Test for ego development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 420-427.
    • (1985) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.48 , pp. 420-427
    • Loevinger, J.1
  • 46
    • 21344478490 scopus 로고
    • Ego development: Questions of method and theory
    • Loevinger, J. (1993). Ego development: Questions of method and theory. Psychological Inquiry, 4, 56-63.
    • (1993) Psychological Inquiry , vol.4 , pp. 56-63
    • Loevinger, J.1
  • 50
    • 0039415768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating general intelligence into epidemiology and the social sciences
    • Lubinski, D., & Humphreys, L. G. (1997). Incorporating general intelligence into epidemiology and the social sciences. Intelligence, 24, 159-201.
    • (1997) Intelligence , vol.24 , pp. 159-201
    • Lubinski, D.1    Humphreys, L.G.2
  • 51
    • 0026179201 scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability and resilience: A study of high-risk adolescents
    • Luthar, S. S. (1991). Vulnerability and resilience: A study of high-risk adolescents. Child Development, 62, 600-616.
    • (1991) Child Development , vol.62 , pp. 600-616
    • Luthar, S.S.1
  • 52
    • 84976137474 scopus 로고
    • Intelligence and social competence among high-risk adolescents
    • Luthar, S. S., & Zigler, E. (1992). Intelligence and social competence among high-risk adolescents. Development and Psychopathology, 4, 287-299.
    • (1992) Development and Psychopathology , vol.4 , pp. 287-299
    • Luthar, S.S.1    Zigler, E.2
  • 53
    • 0002371713 scopus 로고
    • What's wrong with psychology anyway?
    • D. Cicchetti & W. M. Gove (Eds.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
    • Lykken, D. (1991). What's wrong with psychology anyway? In D. Cicchetti & W. M. Gove (Eds.), Thinking clearly about psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 3-39). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
    • (1991) Thinking Clearly about Psychology , vol.1 , pp. 3-39
    • Lykken, D.1
  • 54
    • 0040547441 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of oral and written forms of the Sentence Completion Test for ego development
    • McCammon, E. P. (1981). Comparison of oral and written forms of the Sentence Completion Test for ego development. Developmental Psychology, 17, 233-235.
    • (1981) Developmental Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 233-235
    • McCammon, E.P.1
  • 55
    • 0000816413 scopus 로고
    • Openness to experience and ego level in Loevinger's Sentence Completion Test: Dispositional contributions to developmental models of personality
    • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1980). Openness to experience and ego level in Loevinger's Sentence Completion Test: Dispositional contributions to developmental models of personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1179-1190.
    • (1980) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 1179-1190
    • McCrae, R.R.1    Costa, P.T.2
  • 56
    • 0002153662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptions and correlates of openness to experience
    • R. Hogan, J. A. Johnson, & S. R. Briggs (Eds.). San Diego, CA: Academic Press
    • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1997). Conceptions and correlates of openness to experience. In R. Hogan, J. A. Johnson, & S. R. Briggs (Eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 825-847). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
    • (1997) Handbook of Personality Psychology , pp. 825-847
    • McCrae, R.R.1    Costa, P.T.2
  • 57
    • 0347463544 scopus 로고
    • Attribution of control and ego development: Marker variables for a model of foster care risk
    • McIntyre, A. (1991). Attribution of control and ego development: Marker variables for a model of foster care risk. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 12, 413-428.
    • (1991) Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology , vol.12 , pp. 413-428
    • McIntyre, A.1
  • 58
    • 0032347579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of current, former, and new elderly volunteers: A comparison of developmental and trait models of personality
    • Morros, M., Pushkar, D., & Reis, M. (1998). A study of current, former, and new elderly volunteers: A comparison of developmental and trait models of personality. Journal of Adult Development, 5, 219-230.
    • (1998) Journal of Adult Development , vol.5 , pp. 219-230
    • Morros, M.1    Pushkar, D.2    Reis, M.3
  • 59
    • 0032040065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in adult ego development: Sources of influence in twins reared apart
    • Newman, D. L., Tellegen, A., & Bouchard, T. J. (1998). Individual differences in adult ego development: Sources of influence in twins reared apart. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 985-995.
    • (1998) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 985-995
    • Newman, D.L.1    Tellegen, A.2    Bouchard, T.J.3
  • 60
    • 84974062003 scopus 로고
    • Conduct and affective disorders in developmental perspective: A systematic study of adolescent psychopathology
    • Noam, G. G., Paget, K., Valiant, G., Borst, S., & Bartok, J. (1994). Conduct and affective disorders in developmental perspective: A systematic study of adolescent psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 6, 519-532.
    • (1994) Development and Psychopathology , vol.6 , pp. 519-532
    • Noam, G.G.1    Paget, K.2    Valiant, G.3    Borst, S.4    Bartok, J.5
  • 61
    • 0030930042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Washington University Sentence Completion Test: Are the two halves alternate forms? Are the female and male forms comparable?
    • Novy, D. M., Blumentritt, T. L., Nelson, D. V., & Gaa, A. (1997). The Washington University Sentence Completion Test: Are the two halves alternate forms? Are the female and male forms comparable? Journal of Personality Assessment, 68, 616-627.
    • (1997) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.68 , pp. 616-627
    • Novy, D.M.1    Blumentritt, T.L.2    Nelson, D.V.3    Gaa, A.4
  • 63
    • 0016514412 scopus 로고
    • Reliability of a sentence completion measure of ego development
    • Redmore, C. D., & Waldman, K. (1975). Reliability of a sentence completion measure of ego development. Journal of Personality Assessment, 39, 236-243.
    • (1975) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.39 , pp. 236-243
    • Redmore, C.D.1    Waldman, K.2
  • 64
    • 0031514387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing and validating a measure of moral judgment: Stage preference and stage consistency approaches
    • Rest, J., Thoma, S., & Edwards, L. (1997). Designing and validating a measure of moral judgment: Stage preference and stage consistency approaches. Journal of Educational Psychology, 89, 5-28.
    • (1997) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 5-28
    • Rest, J.1    Thoma, S.2    Edwards, L.3
  • 65
    • 25344439364 scopus 로고
    • Self-reflection and ego development
    • Doctoral dissertation, New York University, 1975
    • Rock, M. (1975). Self-reflection and ego development (Doctoral dissertation, New York University, 1975). Dissertation Abstracts International, 36, 3066B.
    • (1975) Dissertation Abstracts International , vol.36
    • Rock, M.1
  • 67
    • 0007635494 scopus 로고
    • The relationship of level of ego development to Q-sort personality ratings
    • Rozsnafsky, J. (1981). The relationship of level of ego development to Q-sort personality ratings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 99-120.
    • (1981) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.41 , pp. 99-120
    • Rozsnafsky, J.1
  • 69
    • 21844485368 scopus 로고
    • Does the Defining Issues Test measure psychological phenomena distinct from verbal ability? An examination of Lykken's query
    • Sanders, C. E., Lubinski, D., & Benbow, C. P. (1995). Does the Defining Issues Test measure psychological phenomena distinct from verbal ability? An examination of Lykken's query. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 498-504.
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.69 , pp. 498-504
    • Sanders, C.E.1    Lubinski, D.2    Benbow, C.P.3
  • 70
    • 25344435199 scopus 로고
    • The relation of time perspective and self-actualization to ego development
    • Doctoral dissertation, Washington University
    • Schenberg, R. G. (1973). The relation of time perspective and self-actualization to ego development (Doctoral dissertation, Washington University, 1974). Dissertation Abstracts International, 35, 1991A.
    • (1973) Dissertation Abstracts International , vol.35
    • Schenberg, R.G.1
  • 74
    • 2442456755 scopus 로고
    • Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
    • Streich, D. D. (1983). Ego development and perception of health. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN.
    • (1983) Ego Development and Perception of Health
    • Streich, D.D.1
  • 75
    • 0033269094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does moral judgment development reduce to political attitudes or verbal ability? Evidence using the Defining Issues Test
    • Thoma, J. S., Narvaez, D., Rest, J., & Derryberry, P. (1999). Does moral judgment development reduce to political attitudes or verbal ability? Evidence using the Defining Issues Test. Educational Psychology Review, 11, 325-341.
    • (1999) Educational Psychology Review , vol.11 , pp. 325-341
    • Thoma, J.S.1    Narvaez, D.2    Rest, J.3    Derryberry, P.4
  • 76
    • 0023205204 scopus 로고
    • The Washington University Sentence Completion Test compared with other measures of adult ego development
    • Vaillant, G. E., & McCullough, L. (1987). The Washington University Sentence Completion Test compared with other measures of adult ego development. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 1189-1194.
    • (1987) American Journal of Psychiatry , vol.144 , pp. 1189-1194
    • Vaillant, G.E.1    McCullough, L.2
  • 77
  • 78
    • 48749135086 scopus 로고
    • A temperamental and developmental model of personality assessment: Application to self-control in middle childhood
    • Waugh, M. H. (1984). A temperamental and developmental model of personality assessment: Application to self-control in middle childhood. Personality and Individual Differences, 5, 335-358.
    • (1984) Personality and Individual Differences , vol.5 , pp. 335-358
    • Waugh, M.H.1
  • 81
    • 0024724344 scopus 로고
    • Psychometric properties of Loevinger's Sentence Completion Test in an adult psychiatric outpatient sample
    • Weiss, D. S., Zilberg, N. J., & Genevro, J. L. (1989). Psychometric properties of Loevinger's Sentence Completion Test in an adult psychiatric outpatient sample. Journal of Personality Assessment, 53, 478-486.
    • (1989) Journal of Personality Assessment , vol.53 , pp. 478-486
    • Weiss, D.S.1    Zilberg, N.J.2    Genevro, J.L.3
  • 84
    • 1642365051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A developmental analysis of self-reported fears in late childhood through mid adolescence: Social-evaluative fears on the rise?
    • Westenberg, P. M., Drewes, M. J., Goedhart, A. W., Siebelink, B. M., & Treffers, D. A. (2004). A developmental analysis of self-reported fears in late childhood through mid adolescence: Social-evaluative fears on the rise? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 481-495.
    • (2004) Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 481-495
    • Westenberg, P.M.1    Drewes, M.J.2    Goedhart, A.W.3    Siebelink, B.M.4    Treffers, D.A.5
  • 87
    • 0039954351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new version of the WUSCT: The Sentence Completion Test for Children and Youths (SCT-Y)
    • J. Loevinger (Ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum
    • Westenberg, P. M., Treffers, P. D. A., & Drewes, M. J. (1998). A new version of the WUSCT: The Sentence Completion Test for Children and Youths (SCT-Y). In J. Loevinger (Ed.), Technical foundations for measuring ego development (pp. 81-90). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
    • (1998) Technical Foundations for Measuring Ego Development , pp. 81-90
    • Westenberg, P.M.1    Treffers, P.D.A.2    Drewes, M.J.3
  • 88
    • 0035636923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revised description and measurement of ego development in early adolescence: An artifact of the written procedure?
    • Westenberg, P. M., van Strien, S. D., & Drewes, M. J. (2001). Revised description and measurement of ego development in early adolescence: An artifact of the written procedure? Journal of Early Adolescence, 21, 469-491.
    • (2001) Journal of Early Adolescence , vol.21 , pp. 469-491
    • Westenberg, P.M.1    Van Strien, S.D.2    Drewes, M.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.