Gender, genre, and writing style in formal written texts

Text

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 321-346

  Argamon, Shlomo ^a   Koppel, Moshe ^b   Fine, Jonathan ^b   Shimoni, Anat Rachel ^b  

^a Illinois Institute of Technology   (United States)

^b BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

Author keywords

Comparative linguistics; Computational stylistics; Discourse analysis; Gender based writing style; Stylometrics

Indexed keywords

EID: 2442544202     PISSN: 01654888     EISSN: 18607349     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/text.2003.014     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Aries, E. J. and Johnson, F. L. (1983). Close friendship in adulthood: Conversational content between same-sex friends. Sex Roles, 9 (12): 1183-1196
2. Baayen, H., van Halteren, H, and Tweedie, F. (1996). Outside the cave of shadows: Using syntactic annotation to enhance authorship attribution. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 11
3. Berryman-Fink, C. L. and Wilcox, T. R. (1983). A multivariate investigation of perceptual attributions concerning gender appropriateness in language. Sex Roles 9: 663-681
4. Bergvall, V., Bing, J., and Freed, A. (eds.) (1996). Rethinking Language and Gender Research: Theory and Practice, New York: Addison Wesley Longman
5. Biber, D. (1988). Variation Across Speech and Writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
6. -(1995). Dimensions of Register Variation: A cross-linguistic Comparison. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
7. Biber, D., Conrad S., and Reppen, R. (1998). Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Language Structure and Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
8. Bing, J. and Bergvall, V. (199F6) The question of questions: beyond binary thinking. In Rethinking Language and Gender Research: Theory and Practice V. Bergvall, J. Bing, and A. Freed. (eds.), New York: Addison Wesley Longman
9. Cameron, D., McAlinden, F., and O'Leary, K. (1988). Lakoff in context: the social and linguistic function of tag questions. In Women in their Speech communities, J. Coates and D. Cameron (eds.) 74-93. New York: Longman
10. Canli, T., Desmond, J.E., Zhao, Z., and Gabrieli, D. E. (2002). Sex differences in the neural basis of emotional memories. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 99: 10789-10794
11. Chambers, J. C. (1992). Linguistic correlates of gender and sex. English World-Wide, 13 (2): 173-218
12. Cheshire, J. (2002). Information structure in male and female adolescent talk. Journal of English Linguistics 30 (2): 217-238
13. Coates, J. (ed.) (1998). Language and Gender: A Reader. Oxford: Blackwell
14. Dagan, I., Karov, Y., and Roth, D. (1997). Mistake-driven learning in text categorization, in EMNLP-97: 2nd conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing 55-63
15. Eckert, P. (1997). Gender and sociolinguistic variation. In Readings in Language and Gender. J. Coates (ed.), 64-75. Oxford: Blackwell
16. Halliday, M. A. K. (1994). An Introduction to Functional Grammar. 2nd edition. London: Edward Arnold
17. Herring, S. (1996). Two variants of an electronic message schema: In Computer-Mediated Communication: Linguistic, Social and Cross-Cultural Perspectives, S. Herring (ed.), 81-106. Amsterdam /Philadelphia: John Benjamins
18. Holmes, D. (1998). The evolution of stylometry in humanities scholarship. Literary and Linguistic Computing. 13 (3): 111-117
19. Holmes, J. (1984). Women's language': A functional approach. General Linguistics 24 (3): 149-178
20. (1988). Paying compliments: A sex-preferential positive politeness strategy. Journal of Pragmatics. 12 (3): 445-465
21. -(1989). Sex differences and apologies: One aspect of communicative competence. Applied Linguistics. 10 (2): 194-213
22. (1990). Hedges and boosters in women's and men's speech. Language and Communication 10 (3)
23. -(1993). Women's talk: The question of sociolinguistic universals. Australian Journal of Communications 20 (3): 125-149
24. Johnstone, B. (1993). Community and contest: Midwestern men and women constructing their worlds in conversational storytelling. In Gender and Conversational Interaction, D. Tannen (ed.), 62-80. Oxford: Oxford University Press
25. Key, M. R. (1975). MalelFemale Language. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press
26. Khosroshahi (1989), Penguins don't care, but women do: A social identity analysis of a Whorfian problem. Language in Society 18 (4): 505-525
27. Kivinen, J. and Warmuth, M. (1997). Additive versus exponentiated gradient updates for linear prediction. Information and Computation 132 (1): 1-64
28. Koppel, M., Argamon, S., and Shimoni A. R. (2001). Automatically determining the gender of a text's author. Bar-han University Technical Report BIU-TR-01-32
29. Labov, V. (1990). The intersection of sex and social class in the course of linguistic change. Language Variation and Change 2: 205-254
30. Lakoff, R. T. (1975). Language and Women's Place. New York: Harper Colophon Books
31. Lewis, D., Schapire, R., Callan, J., and Papka, R. (1996). Training algorithms for text classifiers. Proceedings of the 19th ACMISIGIR Conference on Research and Development in IR 306-298
32. Littlestone, N. (1987). Learning quickly when irrelevant attributes abound: A new linear-threshold algorithm. Machine Learning 2 (4): 285-318
33. McEnery, T. and Wilson, A. (1996). Corpus Linguistics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
34. Mulac, A. and Lundell, T. L. (1994). Effects of gender-linked language differences in adults' written discourse: Multivariate tests of language effects. Language and Communication 14 (3): 299-309
35. Mulac, A., Studley, L. B., and Blau, S. (1990). The gender-linked language effect in primary and secondary students' impromptu essays. Sex Roles 23 (9/10): 439-469
36. Palander-Collin, M. (1999). Male and female styles in 17th century correspondence. Language Variation and Change 11: 123-141
37. Preisler, B. (1986). Linguistic Sex Roles in Conversation. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter
38. Rayson, P., Leech, G., and Hodges, M. (1997). Social differentiation in the use of English vocabulary: Some analyses of the conversational component of the British National Corpus. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 2: 133-152
39. Sebastiani, F. (to appear). Machine learning in automated text categorization. ACM Computing Surreys
40. Simkins-Bullock, J. A. and Wildman, B. G. (1991). An investigation into the relationship between gender and language. Sex Roles 24: 149-160
41. Stamatatos, E., Fakotakis, N., and Kokkinakis,G. (2001). Computer-based authorship attribution without lexical measures. Computers and the Humanities 35: 193-214
42. Tannen, D. (1990). Gender differences in topical coherence: Creating involvement in best friends' talk. Discourse Processes 13: 73-90
43. Trudgill, P. (1972). Sex, covert prestige and linguistic change in the urban British English of Norwich, Language in Society 1: 179-195