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Volumn 51, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 209-225

The Labour Party, agricultural policy and the retreat from rural land nationalisation during the Second World War

(1)  Tichelar, Michael a  

a NONE

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EID: 2442542471     PISSN: 00021490     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (16)

References (94)
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    • (1990) Conservatism and Collectivism, 1886-1914
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  • 3
    • 2442547961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Liberal Land Campaign and the Land Issue, 1906-1914
    • (Oxford University, D.Phil thesis, 1994), now published
    • A. F. Cooper, British Agricultural Policy, 1912-36. A study in Conservative politics (1989); M. Fforde, Conservatism and collectivism, 1886-1914 (1990); I. Packer, 'The Liberal Land Campaign and the Land Issue, 1906-1914' (Oxford University, D.Phil thesis, 1994), now published as Lloyd George, Liberalism and the land. The land issue and party politics in England, 1906-1914 (2001); A. Offer, Property and Politics, 1870-1914 (1981); B. Short, Land and Society in Edwardian Britain (1997); C. Griffiths, 'Labour and the countryside: rural strands in the British Labour movement, 1900-1939' (unpublished D.Phil thesis, Oxford University, 1996).
    • (2001) Lloyd George, Liberalism and the Land. The Land Issue and Party Politics in England, 1906-1914
    • Packer, I.1
  • 4
    • 0003675654 scopus 로고
    • A. F. Cooper, British Agricultural Policy, 1912-36. A study in Conservative politics (1989); M. Fforde, Conservatism and collectivism, 1886-1914 (1990); I. Packer, 'The Liberal Land Campaign and the Land Issue, 1906-1914' (Oxford University, D.Phil thesis, 1994), now published as Lloyd George, Liberalism and the land. The land issue and party politics in England, 1906-1914 (2001); A. Offer, Property and Politics, 1870-1914 (1981); B. Short, Land and Society in Edwardian Britain (1997); C. Griffiths, 'Labour and the countryside: rural strands in the British Labour movement, 1900-1939' (unpublished D.Phil thesis, Oxford University, 1996).
    • (1981) Property and Politics, 1870-1914
    • Offer, A.1
  • 5
    • 0030661774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A. F. Cooper, British Agricultural Policy, 1912-36. A study in Conservative politics (1989); M. Fforde, Conservatism and collectivism, 1886-1914 (1990); I. Packer, 'The Liberal Land Campaign and the Land Issue, 1906-1914' (Oxford University, D.Phil thesis, 1994), now published as Lloyd George, Liberalism and the land. The land issue and party politics in England, 1906-1914 (2001); A. Offer, Property and Politics, 1870-1914 (1981); B. Short, Land and Society in Edwardian Britain (1997); C. Griffiths, 'Labour and the countryside: rural strands in the British Labour movement, 1900-1939' (unpublished D.Phil thesis, Oxford University, 1996).
    • (1997) Land and Society in Edwardian Britain
    • Short, B.1
  • 6
    • 0006180071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • unpublished D.Phil thesis, Oxford University
    • A. F. Cooper, British Agricultural Policy, 1912-36. A study in Conservative politics (1989); M. Fforde, Conservatism and collectivism, 1886-1914 (1990); I. Packer, 'The Liberal Land Campaign and the Land Issue, 1906-1914' (Oxford University, D.Phil thesis, 1994), now published as Lloyd George, Liberalism and the land. The land issue and party politics in England, 1906-1914 (2001); A. Offer, Property and Politics, 1870-1914 (1981); B. Short, Land and Society in Edwardian Britain (1997); C. Griffiths, 'Labour and the countryside: rural strands in the British Labour movement, 1900-1939' (unpublished D.Phil thesis, Oxford University, 1996).
    • (1996) Labour and the Countryside: Rural Strands in the British Labour Movement, 1900-1939
    • Griffiths, C.1
  • 7
    • 0036108915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Labour Party and land reform in the inter-war period
    • M. Tichelar, 'The Labour Party and land reform in the inter-war period,' Rural Hist. 13 (2002), pp. 85-101.
    • (2002) Rural Hist. , vol.13 , pp. 85-101
    • Tichelar, M.1
  • 8
    • 0006212793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socialists, Labour and the Land: The response of the Labour Party to the land campaign of Lloyd George before the First World War
    • M. Tichelar, 'Socialists, Labour and the Land: the response of the Labour Party to the land campaign of Lloyd George before the First World War', Twentieth Century British Hist., 8 (1997), pp. 127-144.
    • (1997) Twentieth Century British Hist. , vol.8 , pp. 127-144
    • Tichelar, M.1
  • 9
    • 2442519626 scopus 로고
    • Nothing less than a revolution? Labour's agricultural policy
    • J. Fryth (ed.)
    • M. Chase, 'Nothing less than a revolution? Labour's agricultural policy', in J. Fryth (ed.), Labour's High Noon. The government and the economy (1993), pp. 79-95; Cooper, British Agricultural Policy, Griffiths, 'Labour and the countryside'; R. J. Middleton, 'The formulation and implementation of British agricultural policy, 1945-1951' (unpublished Ph.D thesis, University of Bristol, 1992).
    • (1993) Labour's High Noon. The Government and the Economy , pp. 79-95
    • Chase, M.1
  • 10
    • 2442581724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Labour and the countryside
    • M. Chase, 'Nothing less than a revolution? Labour's agricultural policy', in J. Fryth (ed.), Labour's High Noon. The government and the economy (1993), pp. 79-95; Cooper, British Agricultural Policy, Griffiths, 'Labour and the countryside'; R. J. Middleton, 'The formulation and implementation of British agricultural policy, 1945-1951' (unpublished Ph.D thesis, University of Bristol, 1992).
    • British Agricultural Policy, Griffiths
    • Cooper1
  • 11
    • 2442456019 scopus 로고
    • unpublished Ph.D thesis, University of Bristol
    • M. Chase, 'Nothing less than a revolution? Labour's agricultural policy', in J. Fryth (ed.), Labour's High Noon. The government and the economy (1993), pp. 79-95; Cooper, British Agricultural Policy, Griffiths, 'Labour and the countryside'; R. J. Middleton, 'The formulation and implementation of British agricultural policy, 1945-1951' (unpublished Ph.D thesis, University of Bristol, 1992).
    • (1992) The Formulation and Implementation of British Agricultural Policy, 1945-1951
    • Middleton, R.J.1
  • 12
    • 0009503699 scopus 로고
    • Sir Daniel Hall, Reconstruction and the land (1941); Sir George Stapledon, Make fruitful the land (1941); C. S. Orwin, Speed the plough (1942). Even populist commentators like A. G. Street proposed national ownership, see his Farm cottages and post-war farming (1943) and Hitler's whistle (1943).
    • (1941) Reconstruction and the Land
    • Hall, S.D.1
  • 13
    • 2442439286 scopus 로고
    • Sir Daniel Hall, Reconstruction and the land (1941); Sir George Stapledon, Make fruitful the land (1941); C. S. Orwin, Speed the plough (1942). Even populist commentators like A. G. Street proposed national ownership, see his Farm cottages and post-war farming (1943) and Hitler's whistle (1943).
    • (1941) Make Fruitful the Land
    • Stapledon, S.G.1
  • 14
    • 2442491324 scopus 로고
    • Sir Daniel Hall, Reconstruction and the land (1941); Sir George Stapledon, Make fruitful the land (1941); C. S. Orwin, Speed the plough (1942). Even populist commentators like A. G. Street proposed national ownership, see his Farm cottages and post-war farming (1943) and Hitler's whistle (1943).
    • (1942) Speed the Plough
    • Orwin, C.S.1
  • 15
    • 2442583842 scopus 로고
    • Sir Daniel Hall, Reconstruction and the land (1941); Sir George Stapledon, Make fruitful the land (1941); C. S. Orwin, Speed the plough (1942). Even populist commentators like A. G. Street proposed national ownership, see his Farm cottages and post-war farming (1943) and Hitler's whistle (1943).
    • (1943) Farm Cottages and Post-war Farming
    • Street, A.G.1
  • 16
    • 84906604399 scopus 로고
    • Sir Daniel Hall, Reconstruction and the land (1941); Sir George Stapledon, Make fruitful the land (1941); C. S. Orwin, Speed the plough (1942). Even populist commentators like A. G. Street proposed national ownership, see his Farm cottages and post-war farming (1943) and Hitler's whistle (1943).
    • (1943) Hitler's Whistle
  • 17
    • 0006181668 scopus 로고
    • Report of the Expert Committee on compensation and betterment (1942) Cmd. 6467. The issue of compensation and betterment was concerned with what level 'the state should compensate land owners whose land is acquired (either by agreement or compulsion) for public or community purposes; and whether or not, and at what level, the state should seek to collect increases (betterment) in land values created by private capital or government action'. D. H. McKay and A. W. Cox, The politics of urban change (1979), pp. 69-106.
    • (1979) The Politics of Urban Change , pp. 69-106
    • McKay, D.H.1    Cox, A.W.2
  • 20
    • 2442564982 scopus 로고
    • May Public Record Office (hereafter PRO), HLG80/65
    • The Land Worker 21 (May 1940), p. 2; Public Record Office (hereafter PRO), HLG80/65.
    • (1940) The Land Worker , vol.21 , pp. 2
  • 21
    • 2442426677 scopus 로고
    • The Labour Party archives have been used in the Harvester Press microform edition of the Labour Party Archives, hereafter LPA, in this case part 2, pamphlets and leaflets, 41/10
    • Labour in government. A record of social legislation in wartime (1941), p. 7. (The Labour Party archives have been used in the Harvester Press microform edition of the Labour Party Archives, hereafter LPA, in this case part 2, pamphlets and leaflets, 41/10).
    • (1941) Labour in Government. A Record of Social Legislation in Wartime , pp. 7
  • 24
    • 2442432927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PRO, HLG80/34
    • PRO, HLG80/34.
  • 26
    • 2442474593 scopus 로고
    • Bellamy and Saville (eds), Dictionary of Labour Biography, II, pp. 406-7; see also T. Williams, Digging for Britain (1965).
    • (1965) Digging for Britain
    • Williams, T.1
  • 27
    • 2442543759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Rural History Centre, University of Reading (hereafter RHC), papers of the National Union of Agricultural Labourers (NUAW), B.X.1 (misc. papers of Edwin Gooch which contain transcripts of heated meetings between the two unions in 1938 and 1944 to discuss amalgamation or federation). Modern Record Centre, University of Warwick, Papers of the Transport and General Workers Union, MSS126/TG/3.
  • 28
    • 2442537401 scopus 로고
    • Mar. He stood for election as the General Secretary of the NUAW in 1945 and as Labour candidate in South Lincolnshire in 1945, on both occasions unsuccessfully
    • Land Worker 26 (Mar. 1945), p. 5. He stood for election as the General Secretary of the NUAW in 1945 and as Labour candidate in South Lincolnshire in 1945, on both occasions unsuccessfully.
    • (1945) Land Worker , vol.26 , pp. 5
  • 29
    • 0003219841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Back to Basics: Rolf Gardiner, H. J. Massingham and a "Kinship in Husbandry"
    • For a discussion of the anti-modernizers see R. J. Moore-Colyer, 'Back to Basics: Rolf Gardiner, H. J. Massingham and a "Kinship in Husbandry"', Rural Hist. 12 (2001), pp. 85-108.
    • (2001) Rural Hist. , vol.12 , pp. 85-108
    • Moore-Colyer, R.J.1
  • 30
    • 0344829057 scopus 로고
    • The effect of urban growth on the countryside
    • Ashby was head of the Department of Agricultural Economics at Aberystwyth. A. W. Ashby, 'The effect of urban growth on the countryside', Sociological Rev. 31 (1939); id., The English countryside and the psychology of scenic change, typescript evidence to the Scott Committee, 1942, PRO HLG80/92. For biographical details see M. K. Ashby, Joseph Ashby of Tysoe 1859-2919. A study of English village life (1974); Dictionary of National Biography, 1951-1960 (1971), p. 34; and The Countryman 48 (1953), pp. 311-16.
    • (1939) Sociological Rev. , vol.31
    • Ashby, A.W.1
  • 31
    • 0344397397 scopus 로고
    • typescript evidence to the Scott Committee, PRO HLG80/92
    • Ashby was head of the Department of Agricultural Economics at Aberystwyth. A. W. Ashby, 'The effect of urban growth on the countryside', Sociological Rev. 31 (1939); id., The English countryside and the psychology of scenic change, typescript evidence to the Scott Committee, 1942, PRO HLG80/92. For biographical details see M. K. Ashby, Joseph Ashby of Tysoe 1859-2919. A study of English village life (1974); Dictionary of National Biography, 1951-1960 (1971), p. 34; and The Countryman 48 (1953), pp. 311-16.
    • (1942) The English Countryside and the Psychology of Scenic Change
  • 32
    • 0006761939 scopus 로고
    • Ashby was head of the Department of Agricultural Economics at Aberystwyth. A. W. Ashby, 'The effect of urban growth on the countryside', Sociological Rev. 31 (1939); id., The English countryside and the psychology of scenic change, typescript evidence to the Scott Committee, 1942, PRO HLG80/92. For biographical details see M. K. Ashby, Joseph Ashby of Tysoe 1859-2919. A study of English village life (1974); Dictionary of National Biography, 1951-1960 (1971), p. 34; and The Countryman 48 (1953), pp. 311-16.
    • (1974) Joseph Ashby of Tysoe 1859-2919. A Study of English Village Life
    • Ashby, M.K.1
  • 33
    • 0011675362 scopus 로고
    • Ashby was head of the Department of Agricultural Economics at Aberystwyth. A. W. Ashby, 'The effect of urban growth on the countryside', Sociological Rev. 31 (1939); id., The English countryside and the psychology of scenic change, typescript evidence to the Scott Committee, 1942, PRO HLG80/92. For biographical details see M. K. Ashby, Joseph Ashby of Tysoe 1859-2919. A study of English village life (1974); Dictionary of National Biography, 1951-1960 (1971), p. 34; and The Countryman 48 (1953), pp. 311-16.
    • (1971) Dictionary of National Biography, 1951-1960 , pp. 34
  • 34
    • 2442499825 scopus 로고
    • Ashby was head of the Department of Agricultural Economics at Aberystwyth. A. W. Ashby, 'The effect of urban growth on the countryside', Sociological Rev. 31 (1939); id., The English countryside and the psychology of scenic change, typescript evidence to the Scott Committee, 1942, PRO HLG80/92. For biographical details see M. K. Ashby, Joseph Ashby of Tysoe 1859-2919. A study of English village life (1974); Dictionary of National Biography, 1951-1960 (1971), p. 34; and The Countryman 48 (1953), pp. 311-16.
    • (1953) The Countryman , vol.48 , pp. 311-316
  • 35
    • 2442630802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PRO, HLG80/92
    • PRO, HLG80/92.
  • 36
    • 2442476745 scopus 로고
    • British Library of Political and Social Science (hereafter BLPES), Fabian Society archives, J23/2 and K28/1; G. Walworth, Feeding the nation in peace and war (1940); and Marketing schemes: their effect on the Industrial Cooperative Movement (1934).
    • (1940) Feeding the Nation in Peace and War
    • Walworth, G.1
  • 40
    • 2442598519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Resolution submitted by the East Norfolk Divisional Labour Party to Transport House (1937/38), RHC, NUAW, B.X.1.
  • 47
    • 2442506091 scopus 로고
    • Food and agriculture in post-war Britain
    • Mar.
    • D. Thomas, 'Food and agriculture in post-war Britain', Socialist Commentary, Mar. 1944, pp. 193-6.
    • (1944) Socialist Commentary , pp. 193-196
    • Thomas, D.1
  • 48
    • 2442432926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • BLPES, William Piercy Papers, 8/36 (Agriculture 1943-46), note by Evan Durbin to the Deputy Prime Minister on agricultural policy (1944).
  • 53
    • 2442483071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Report to the policy sub-committee on food policy
    • The Report of the 40th Annual Conference of the Labour Party, June 1941, pp. 9-11; LPA, Research 14/Apr. 1942, Report to the policy sub-committee on food policy.
    • Research 14/Apr. 1942
  • 56
    • 2442560728 scopus 로고
    • 10 Oct.
    • New Statesman, 10 Oct. 1942, p. 230.
    • (1942) New Statesman , pp. 230
  • 59
    • 2442611152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PRO, CAB 117/14; 117/128
    • PRO, CAB 117/14; 117/128.
  • 65
    • 2442428787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LPA, RDR 209/April 1943
    • LPA, RDR 209/April 1943.
  • 69
    • 2442539557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Nuffield College Oxford, papers of the Nuffield College Social Reconstruction Survey, C2/22 (letter from G. D. H. Cole to Lord Scott, 21 Feb. 1942). Cole's oral evidence to the Scott Committee also acknowledged that powers of compulsory purchase for specific purposes might be a more realistic policy than total nationalisation: PRO, HLG80/61.
  • 72
    • 2442445566 scopus 로고
    • 6 Dec.
    • The Times, 6 Dec. 1943, p. 2.
    • (1943) The Times , pp. 2
  • 74
    • 2442519625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LPA, LP/AG/30/24 (letter 27 Aug. 1936)
    • LPA, LP/AG/30/24 (letter 27 Aug. 1936).
  • 75
    • 2442474595 scopus 로고
    • Dec.
    • The Times, 10 Dec. 1941, p. 5; Land Worker 23 (Feb. 1942), p. 9 ('Large or small farms').
    • (1941) The Times , vol.10 , pp. 5
  • 76
    • 2442531157 scopus 로고
    • Feb. Large or small farms
    • The Times, 10 Dec. 1941, p. 5; Land Worker 23 (Feb. 1942), p. 9 ('Large or small farms').
    • (1942) Land Worker , vol.23 , pp. 9
  • 79
    • 2442424580 scopus 로고
    • Farm sizes and layouts
    • Bateson (ed.), Bateson was the Statistical Officer to the Buckinghamshire War Agricultural Executive Committee
    • F. W. Bateson, 'Farm sizes and layouts', in Bateson (ed.), Towards a socialist agriculture. Studies by a group of Fabians (1946), p. 121. Bateson was the Statistical Officer to the Buckinghamshire War Agricultural Executive Committee.
    • (1946) Towards a Socialist Agriculture. Studies by a Group of Fabians , pp. 121
    • Bateson, F.W.1
  • 80
    • 2442420378 scopus 로고
    • July Free homes, not tied houses
    • Land Worker 23 (July 1942), p. 7 ('Free homes, not tied houses').
    • (1942) Land Worker , vol.23 , pp. 7
  • 85
    • 2442521660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ownership of agricultural land
    • Bateson (ed.)
    • F. W. Bateson, 'The ownership of agricultural land', in Bateson (ed.), Towards a socialist agriculture, pp. 168-86.
    • Towards a Socialist Agriculture , pp. 168-186
    • Bateson, F.W.1
  • 86
    • 2442574165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • BLPES, Piercy Papers, 8/36 (Agriculture 1943-46), note by Evan Durbin to the Deputy Prime Minister on post-war agricultural policy, 4 Oct. 1943.
  • 87
    • 2442552247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Note by William Piercy and Evan Durbin to the Deputy Prime Minister on agricultural prices, 27 Nov. 1944
    • Ibid., Note by William Piercy and Evan Durbin to the Deputy Prime Minister on agricultural prices, 27 Nov. 1944.
    • Towards a Socialist Agriculture
  • 88
    • 2442512513 scopus 로고
    • 30 Jan.
    • The Times, 30 Jan. 1945, p. 2; Land Worker 26 (Mar. 1945), p. 1 ('Agriculture and industry': a report of a speech made by Williams in Liverpool on 30 Jan. 1945).
    • (1945) The Times , pp. 2
  • 89
    • 2442535371 scopus 로고
    • Mar. 'Agriculture and industry': a report of a speech made by Williams in Liverpool on 30 Jan. 1945
    • The Times, 30 Jan. 1945, p. 2; Land Worker 26 (Mar. 1945), p. 1 ('Agriculture and industry': a report of a speech made by Williams in Liverpool on 30 Jan. 1945).
    • (1945) Land Worker , vol.26 , pp. 1
  • 91
    • 2442483070 scopus 로고
    • Labour and the Land
    • Mar.
    • Morgan Phillips, 'Labour and the Land', Land Worker 26 (Mar. 1945), p. 4
    • (1945) Land Worker , vol.26 , pp. 4
    • Phillips, M.1
  • 92
    • 2442485110 scopus 로고
    • June
    • Ibid., 26, June 1945, p. 2.
    • (1945) Land Worker , vol.26 , pp. 2
  • 93
    • 2442449737 scopus 로고
    • Labour's record and policy on agriculture
    • July
    • Lord Addison, 'Labour's record and policy on agriculture', ibid., 26 (July 1945), p. 2.
    • (1945) Land Worker , vol.26 , pp. 2
    • Addison, L.1
  • 94
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    • The conflict over property rights during the Second World War: The Labour Party's abandonment of land nationalisation
    • Labour also retreated from support for urban land nationalisation at the same time for different but related reasons. Again, it was not that it feared the creation of internal divisions or damaging its electoral chances (support for land nationalisation was anyway running high in the opinion polls), but it responded to pressure from Labour local government for more immediate housing and town planning reform. M. Tichelar, 'The conflict over property rights during the Second World War: the Labour Party's abandonment of land nationalisation,' Twentieth Century British Hist. 14 (2003), pp. 165-88.
    • (2003) Twentieth Century British Hist. , vol.14 , pp. 165-188
    • Tichelar, M.1


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