Cancer risk among female nurses: A literature review

European Journal of Cancer Prevention

Volumn 12, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 517-526

  Lie, J A S ^a   Kjaerheim K ^a  

^a CANCER REGISTRY OF NORWAY   (Norway)

Author keywords

Breast cancer; Cancer; Key words; Leukaemia; Nurses; Occupational exposures; Women

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; BREAST TUMOR; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LEUKEMIA; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASM; NURSE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; REGISTER; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICS; WORKPLACE;

ADULT; AGED; BREAST NEOPLASMS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; LEUKEMIA; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASMS; NURSES; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; REGISTRIES; RISK ASSESSMENT; WORKPLACE;

EID: 2442540490     PISSN: 09598278     EISSN: 14735709     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200312000-00011     Document Type: Review

References (61)

1. Andersen A, Barlow L, Engeland A, et al. 1999. Work-related cancer in the Nordic countries. Scand J Work Environ Health 25 (Suppl 2): 1-116.
2. Arisaw K, Katamine S, Kamihira S, et al. 2002. A nested case-control study of risk factors for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma among human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I carriers in Japan. Cancer Causes Control 13: 657-663.
3. Band PR, Le ND, Fang R, et al. 2000. Identification of occupational cancer risks in British Columbia. A population-based case-control study of 995 incident breast cancer cases by menopausal status, controlling for confounding factors. J Occup Environ Med 42: 284-310.
4. Barbone F, Filiberti R, Franceschi S, et al. 1996. Socioeconomic status, migration and the risk of breast cancer in Italy. Int J Epidemiol 25: 479-487.
5. Breslow NE, Day NE 1987. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume 2. The Design and Analysis of Cohort Studies. IARC Scientific Publications No. 82. Lyon, France: IARC, pp. 76-79.
6. Bulbulyan M, Zahm SH, Zaridze DG 1992. Occupational cancer mortality among urban women in the former USSR. Cancer Causes Control 3: 299-307.
7. Cabrera C, Helgesson O, Wedel H, et al. 2001. Socioeconomic status and mortality in Swedish women: opposing trends for cardiovascular disease and cancer. Epidemiology 12: 532-536.
8. Calle EE, Murphy TK, Rodriguez C, Thun MJ, Heath CWJ 1998. Occupation and breast cancer mortality in a prospective cohort of US women. Am J Epidemiol 148: 191-197.
9. Carpenter L, Roman E 1999. Cancer and occupation in women: identifying associations using routinely collected national data. Environ Health Perspect 107 (Suppl 2): 299-303.
10. Coogan PF, Clapp RW, Newcomb PA, et al. 1996. Variation in female breast cancer risk by occupation. Am J Ind Med 30: 430-437.
11. Ellison RC, Zhang Y, McLennan CE, Rothman KJ 2001. Exploring the relation of alcohol consumption to risk of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol 154: 740-747.
12. Gunnarsdottir H, Rafnsson V 1995a. Mortality among Icelandic nurses. Scand J Work Environ Health 21: 24-29.
13. Gunnarsdottir H, Rafnsson V 1995b. Cancer incidence among Icelandic nurses. J Occup Environ Med 37: 307-312.
14. Gunnarsdottir HK, Aspelund T, Karlsson T, Rafnsson VV 1997. Occupational risk factors for breast cancer among nurses. Int J Occup Environ Health 3: 254-258.
15. Habel LA, Stanford JL, Vaughan TL, et al. 1995. Occupation and breast cancer risk in middle-aged women. J Occup Environ Med 37: 349-356.
16. Hewitt JB, Misner ST, Levin PF 1993. Health hazards of nursing: identifying workplace hazards and reducing risks. AWHONNS Clin Issues Perinat Womens Health Nurs 4: 320-327.
17. Hogstedt C, Aringer L, Gustavsson A 1986. Epidemiologic support for ethylene oxide as a cancer-causing agent. JAMA 255: 1575-1578.
18. IARC 1981. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Some Antineoplastic and Immunosuppressive Agents. Vol 26. Lyon, France: IARC.
19. IARC 1994a. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Some Industrial Chemicals. Vol 60. Lyon, France: IARC.
20. IARC 1994b. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Hepatitis Viruses. Vol 59. Lyon, France: IARC.
21. IARC 1995. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Wood Dust and Formaldehyde. Vol 62. Lyon, France: IARC, pp. 237-240.
22. IARC 1996. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses. Vol 67. Lyon, France: IARC.
23. IARC 1997. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Epstein Barr Virus and Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus 8. Vol 70. Lyon, France: IARC.
24. IARC 2000a. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Ionizing Radiation, Part 1: X and Gamma (g)-Radiation, and Neutrons. Vol 75. Lyon, France: IARC.
25. IARC 2000b. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Some Antiviral and Antineoplastic Drugs, and Other Pharmaceutical Agents. Vol 76. Lyon, France: IARC.
26. IARC 2002. Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, Non-Ionizing Radiation, Part 1: Static and Extremely Low-Frequency (ELF) Electric and Magnetic Fields. Vol 80. Lyon, France: IARC.
27. Katz RM 1983. Causes of death among registered nurses. J Occup Med 25: 760-762.
28. King AS, Threlfall WJ, Band PR, Gallagher RP 1994. Mortality among female registered nurses and school teachers in British Columbia. Am J Ind Med 26: 125-132.
29. Lenz SK, Goldberg MS, Labreche F, Parent ME, Valois MF 2002. Association between alcohol consumption and postmenopausal breast cancer: results of a case-control study in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Cancer Causes Control 13: 701-710.
30. Longnecker MP 1994. Alcoholic beverage consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer: meta-analysis and review. Cancer Causes Control 5: 73-82.
31. Longnecker MP, Newcomb PA, Mittendorf R, et al. 1995. Risk of breast cancer in relation to lifetime alcohol consumption. J Natl Cancer Inst 87: 923-929.
32. Lund E 1985. [Cancer among nurses. with special reference to exposure to anesthetic gases]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 105: 572-575.
33. Mader RM, Rizovski B, Steger GG, et al. 1996. Exposure of oncologic nurses to methotrexate in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Arch Environ Health 51: 310-314.
34. Miettinen OS, Wang JD 1981. An alternative to the proportionate mortality ratio. Am J Epidemiol 114: 144-148.
35. Morton WE 1995. Major differences in breast cancer risks among occupations. J Occup Environ Med 37: 328-335.
36. Morton W, Marjanovic D 1984. Leukemia incidence by occupation in the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area. Am J Ind Med 6: 185-205.
37. Paul M, Hammond SK, Abdollahzadeh S 1994. Power frequency magnetic field exposures among nurses in a neonatal intensive care unit and a normal newborn nursery. Bioelectromagnetics 15: 519-529.
38. Peipins LA, Burnett C, Alterman T, Lalich N 1997. Mortality patterns among female nurses: a 27-state study, 1984 through 1990. Am J Public Health 87: 1539-1543.
39. Petralia SA, Chow WH, McLaughlin J, et al. 1998a. Occupational risk factors for breast cancer among women in Shanghai. Am J Ind Med 34: 477-483.
40. Petralia SA, Vena JE, Freudenheim JL, et al. 1998b. Breast cancer risk and lifetime occupational history: employment in professional and managerial occupations. Occup Environ Med 55: 43-48.
41. Petralia SA, Vena JE, Freudenheim JL, et al. 1999a. Risk of premenopausal breast cancer and patterns of established breast cancer risk factors among teachers and nurses. Am J Ind Med 35: 137-141.
42. Petralia SA, Dosemeci M, Adams EE, Zahm SH 1999b. Cancer mortality among women employed in health care occupations in 24 US states, 1984-1993. Am J Ind Med 36: 159-165.
43. Pollan M, Gustavsson P 1999. High-risk occupations for breast cancer in the Swedish female working population. Am J Public Health 89: 875-881.
44. Rix BA, Lynge E 1996. Cancer incidence in Danish health care workers. Scand J Soc Med 24: 114-120.
45. Roman E, Beral V, Inskip H 1985. Occupational mortality among women in England and Wales. BMJ Clin Res Ed 291: 194-196.
46. Rubin CH, Burnett CA, Halperin WE, Seligman PJ 1993. Occupation as a risk identifier for breast cancer. Am J Public Health 83: 1311-1315.
47. Sankila R, Karjalainen S, Laara E, Pukkala E, Teppo L 1990. Cancer risk among health care personnel in Finland, 1971-1980. Scand J Work Environ Health 16: 52-257.
48. Schernhammer ES, Laden F, Speizer FE, et al. 2001. Rotating night shifts and risk of breast cancer in women participating in the Nurses’ Health Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 93: 1563-1568.
49. Sessink PJ, Bos RP 1999. Drugs hazardous to healthcare workers. Evaluation of methods for monitoring occupational exposure to cytostatic drugs. Drug Saf 20: 347-359.
50. Sessink PJ, Wittenhorst BC, Anzion RB, Bos RP 1997. Exposure of pharmacy technicians to antineoplastic agents: reevaluation after additional protective measures. Arch Environ Health 52: 240-244.
51. Shortridge ML 1995. Reproductive hazards: an overview of exposures to health care workers. AAOHN J 43: 614-621.
52. Siegel RS, Gartenhaus RB, Kuzel TM 2001. Human T-cell lymphotropic-I-associated leukemia/lymphoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2: 291-300.
53. Simpson J, Roman E, Law G, Pannett B 1999. Women’s occupation and cancer: preliminary analysis of cancer registrations in England and Wales. Am J Ind Med 36: 172-185.
54. Skov T, Maarup B, Olsen J, et al. 1992. Leukaemia and reproductive outcome among nurses handling antineoplastic drugs. Br J Ind Med 49: 855-861.
55. Sorsa M, Anderson D 1996. Monitoring of occupational exposure to cytostatic anticancer agents. Mutat Res 355: 253-261.
56. Stevens RG 1987. Electric power use and breast cancer: a hypothesis. Am J Epidemiol 125: 556-561.
57. Threlfall WJ, Gallagher RP, Spinelli JJ, Band PR 1985. Reproductive variables as possible confounders in occupational studies of breast and ovarian cancer in females. J Occup Med 27: 448-450.
58. Udasin IG 2000. Health care workers. Prim Care 27: 1079-1102.
59. van-Loon AJ, Brug J, Goldbohm RA, van-den-Brandt PA, Burg J 1995. Differences in cancer incidence and mortality among socio-economic groups [published erratum appears in Scand J Soc Med 1995 Sep 23(3): 155]. Scand J Soc Med 23: 110-120.
60. Weaver VM 1997. Chemical hazards in health care workers. Occup Med 12: 655-667.
61. Weiderpass E, Pukkala E, Kauppinen T, et al. 1999. Breast cancer and occupational exposures in women in Finland. Am J Ind Med 36: 48-53.