National Identity and Conflicting Loyalty and Obedience in the ROC Armed Forces

Issues and Studies

Volumn 39, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 145-162

  Hsueh, Chao Yung ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

^b CHING YUN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 2442527866     PISSN: 10132511     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (43)

1. Alan M. Wachman, Taiwan: National Identity and Democratization (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1994); Gary D. Rawnsley and Ming-yeh T. Rawnsley, eds., Political Communications in Greater China: Construction and Reflection of Identity (London: Routledge/Curzon, 2003); Jou-Juo Chu, "Nationalism and Self-determination: The Identity Politics in Taiwan," Journal of Asian and African Studies 35, no. 3 (2000):303-21; and Stephane Corcuff, Memories of the Future: National Identity Issues and the Search for a New Taiwan (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2002). Other scholars who have written extensively on Taiwan identity issue include Shih Cheng-Fong, Hsu Yung-Ming, and Wu Naiteh.
2. Alan M. Wachman, Taiwan: National Identity and Democratization (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1994); Gary D. Rawnsley and Ming-yeh T. Rawnsley, eds., Political Communications in Greater China: Construction and Reflection of Identity (London: Routledge/Curzon, 2003); Jou-Juo Chu, "Nationalism and Self-determination: The Identity Politics in Taiwan," Journal of Asian and African Studies 35, no. 3 (2000):303-21; and Stephane Corcuff, Memories of the Future: National Identity Issues and the Search for a New Taiwan (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2002). Other scholars who have written extensively on Taiwan identity issue include Shih Cheng-Fong, Hsu Yung-Ming, and Wu Naiteh.
3. Alan M. Wachman, Taiwan: National Identity and Democratization (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1994); Gary D. Rawnsley and Ming-yeh T. Rawnsley, eds., Political Communications in Greater China: Construction and Reflection of Identity (London: Routledge/Curzon, 2003); Jou-Juo Chu, "Nationalism and Self-determination: The Identity Politics in Taiwan," Journal of Asian and African Studies 35, no. 3 (2000):303-21; and Stephane Corcuff, Memories of the Future: National Identity Issues and the Search for a New Taiwan (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2002). Other scholars who have written extensively on Taiwan identity issue include Shih Cheng-Fong, Hsu Yung-Ming, and Wu Naiteh.
4. Alan M. Wachman, Taiwan: National Identity and Democratization (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1994); Gary D. Rawnsley and Ming-yeh T. Rawnsley, eds., Political Communications in Greater China: Construction and Reflection of Identity (London: Routledge/Curzon, 2003); Jou-Juo Chu, "Nationalism and Self-determination: The Identity Politics in Taiwan," Journal of Asian and African Studies 35, no. 3 (2000):303-21; and Stephane Corcuff, Memories of the Future: National Identity Issues and the Search for a New Taiwan (Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2002). Other scholars who have written extensively on Taiwan identity issue include Shih Cheng-Fong, Hsu Yung-Ming, and Wu Naiteh.
5. Articles 137 and 138, Constitution of the Republic of China, http://www.cca.gov.tw/law/html/1-1.html.
6. Lianhe bao (United Daily News) (Taipei), August 24, 2003, 2.
7. Michael O. Wheeler, "Loyalty, Honor, and the Modern Military," in War, Morality, and the Military Profession, ed. Malham M. Wakin (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1986), 171-79.
8. Gregory L. Belenky, Shabtai Noy, and Zahava Solomon, "Battle Intensity, Morale, Cohesion, Combat Effectiveness, and Psychiatric Casualties: The Israeli Experience," Military Review 65, no. 7 (1985): 28-37.
9. Richard A. Gabriel and Paul L. Savage, Crisis in Command: Mismanagement in the Army (New York: Hill and Wang, 1990), 57.
10. Wheeler, "Loyalty, Honor, and the Modern Military," 178.
11. George P. Fletcher, Loyalty: An Essay on the Morality of Relationships (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), 3-24.
12. Ibid., 61-73.
13. Josiah Royce, The Philosophy of Loyalty (Vanderbilt Library of American Philosophy, 1995), 9.
14. Ibid., 9-24.
15. Charles A. Pfaff, "Core Values: The Problems of Justification and Motivation," http://www.usafa.af.mil/jscope/JSCOPE99/Pfaff99.html.
16. Each member of the German armed forces (Wehrmacht) swore an oath of personal allegiance to Adolf Hitler-and not to the constitution. See Louis L. Snyder, Encyclopedia of the Third Reich (New York: Paragon House, 1989), 156.
17. "Medieval Knights," http://www.imh.org/khp/gallery/7%20Appendix.pdf.
18. Article 139 of the ROC Constitution prohibits any relationship between the military and a political party. See http://www.gio.gov.tw/info/news/constitutionc.htm.
19. Duty, Honor, Country" are the motto of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. See http://www.usma.edu.
20. At http://www.juntosociety.com/hist_speeches/gma_dhc.htm.
21. Samuel P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations (New York: Vintage Books, 1957), 74-78.
22. See http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/mylai/mylai.htm.
23. Malham M. Wakin, "The Ethics of Leadership," in Wakin, War, Morality, and the Military Profession, 206-7.
24. George F. Stanley, "Obedience to Whom? To What?" in Limits of Loyalty, ed. Edgar Denton III (Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1980), 19.
25. Richard M. Hare, "Can I Be Blamed for Obeying Orders?" in Wakin, War, Morality, and the Military Profession, 450.
26. Harold M. Hyman, "Arms, Men, and the Constitution," Constitution 1, no. 1 (Spring 1989): 57, 61; also available at http://www.usconstitution.org/Courier.
27. Rear Adm. Eric A. McVadon, "Bolstering Trust Between Taiwan's Government and Military: A Two-Way Process," also appears in this issue. In his paper, McVadon raises concerns about a party army and civilian control of the military.
28. Arthur S. Ding, "The Meanings and Future Prospects to Implement the Two Defense Laws," Guofang zhengce pinglun (Taiwan Defense Affairs) 2 no. 3 (Spring 2002): 1-3.
29. I b i d.
30. Dennis Engbarth, "Achieving Neutral Military is Finest Hour," Taiwan News, March 10, 2004.
31. M. Taylor Fravel, "Civil Military Relations and the Consolidation of Taiwan's Democracy" (Paper presented at the Conference on "Challenges for Taiwan's Democratic Consolidation in the Post-Hegemonic Era," Taipei, June 7-8, 2002).
32. See http://www.mnd.gov.tw.
33. Samuel P. Huntington, "The Military Mind: Conservative Realism of the Professional Military Ethic," in Wakin, War, Morality, and the Military Profession, 35-56.
34. See note 28 above.
35. Morris Janowitz, The Professional Solider: A Social and Political Portrait (New York: The Free Press, 1971), 233-34.
36. Huntington, The Soldier and the State, 84.
37. Larry J. Diamond, Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999); and Felipe Aguero, Soldiers, Civilians, and Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995).
38. Larry J. Diamond, Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999); and Felipe Aguero, Soldiers, Civilians, and Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995).
39. Constantine P. Danopoulos, "Conclusions on Post-Totalitarian Civil-Military Relations," in Civil-Military Relations in the Soviet and Yugoslav Successor States, ed. Constantine P. Danopoulos and Daniel Zirker (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1996), 261.
40. Tang Yao-ming, "The Military's Positions and Missions," Zhongguo shibao (China Times), March 18, 2000.
41. Tang Fei, "The Military Obeys the Constitution," Zhongyang ribao (Central Daily News), October 1, 1998, 3.
42. "Top Brass Shining Again," Taiwan shibao (Taiwan Times), June 3, 2000.
43. See note 28 above.