The technology of medieval sheep farming: Some evidence from Crawley, Hampshire, 1208-1349

Agricultural History Review

Volumn 51, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 137-154

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EID: 2442509061     PISSN: 00021490     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
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References (97)

1. B. M. S. Campbell, English seigniorial agriculture, 1250-1450 (2000), pp. 20-1.
2. M. M. Postan, The medieval economy and society (1972), pp. 20-6, 63-70; C. Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming: the fertility and mortality of herds and flocks at Rimpton, Somerset, 1208-1349', in P. R. Coss and S. D. Lloyd (eds), Thirteenth-century England IV (1992), p. 25.
3. M. M. Postan, The medieval economy and society (1972), pp. 20-6, 63-70; C. Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming: the fertility and mortality of herds and flocks at Rimpton, Somerset, 1208-1349', in P. R. Coss and S. D. Lloyd (eds), Thirteenth-century England IV (1992), p. 25.
4. Postan, Medieval economy and society, p. 49.
5. Campbell, English seigniorial agriculture, ch. 7.
6. Ibid., p. 15; C. Dyer, 'Medieval farming and technology: conclusion', in G. Astill and J. Langdon (eds), Medieval farming and technology: the impact of agricultural change in northwest Europe (1997), pp. 293-4.
7. Ibid., p. 15; C. Dyer, 'Medieval farming and technology: conclusion', in G. Astill and J. Langdon (eds), Medieval farming and technology: the impact of agricultural change in northwest Europe (1997), pp. 293-4.
8. J. Z. Titow, 'Land and population on the estates of the bishops of Winchester, 1209-1350' (unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, 1962), pp. 54, 57.
9. Campbell, English seigniorial agriculture, pp. 136, 159, 423-4.
10. K. Biddick (with C. C. J. H. Bijleveld), 'Agrarian productivity on the estates of the bishopric of Winchester in the early thirteenth century: a managerial perspective', in B. M. S. Campbell and M. Overton (eds), Land, labour and livestock: historical studies in European agricultural productivity (1991), p. 120.
11. D. Stone, 'The productivity and management of sheep in late medieval England', AgHR 51 (2003), pp. 1-22.
12. C. Dyer, 'Sheepcotes: evidence for medieval sheep-farming', Medieval Arch. 39 (1995), pp. 136-64.
13. Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming', p. 43.
14. Ibid., pp. 31-2.
15. Biddick, 'Agrarian productivity', pp. 112-13, 118-19.
16. N. S. B. and E. C. Gras, The economic and social history of an English village (Crawley, Hampshire), AD 909-1928 (1930), pp. 4, 40-1; Campbell, English seigniorial agriculture, p. 162.
17. N. S. B. and E. C. Gras, The economic and social history of an English village (Crawley, Hampshire), AD 909-1928 (1930), pp. 4, 40-1; Campbell, English seigniorial agriculture, p. 162.
18. 59/B1/1-101. The pipe roll for 1269-70 (B1/34) does not include an account for Crawley.
19. Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming', pp. 26-8.
20. Stone, 'Productivity and management of sheep', pp. 14-16.
21. Titow, 'Land and population', p. 50; M. J. Stephenson, 'Wool yields in the medieval economy', EcHR 41 (1988), pp. 385-6.
22. Titow, 'Land and population', p. 50; M. J. Stephenson, 'Wool yields in the medieval economy', EcHR 41 (1988), pp. 385-6.
23. Stephenson, 'Wool yields', p. 381; D. L. Farmer, 'Marketing the produce of the countryside, 1200-1500', in E. Miller (ed.), The agrarian history of England and Wales, III, 1348-1500 (1991), p. 400.
24. Stephenson, 'Wool yields', p. 381; D. L. Farmer, 'Marketing the produce of the countryside, 1200-1500', in E. Miller (ed.), The agrarian history of England and Wales, III, 1348-1500 (1991), p. 400.
25. Titow, 'Land and population', p. 47, n. 1.
26. Ibid., pp. 46, 55; Stone, 'Productivity and management of sheep', pp. 10-11.
27. Ibid., pp. 46, 55; Stone, 'Productivity and management of sheep', pp. 10-11.
28. Stephenson, 'Wool yields', p. 386; M. Page (ed.), The pipe roll of the bishopric of Winchester, 1409-10 (Hampshire Rec. Ser., 16, 1999), p. xx.
29. Stephenson, 'Wool yields', p. 386; M. Page (ed.), The pipe roll of the bishopric of Winchester, 1409-10 (Hampshire Rec. Ser., 16, 1999), p. xx.
30. Page (ed.), Pipe roll, 1409-10, p. 380.
31. C. Thornton, 'The determinants of land productivity on the bishop of Winchester's demesne of Rimpton, 1208 to 1403', in Campbell and Overton (eds), Land, labour and livestock, p. 200.
32. D. L. Farmer, 'Prices and wages', in H. E. Hallam (ed.), The agrarian history of England and Wales, II, 1042-1350 (1988), p. 756.
33. M. J. Stephenson, 'The productivity of medieval sheep on the great estates, 1100-1500' (unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986), p. 272; Farmer, 'Prices and wages', p. 754; T. H. Lloyd, The movement of wool prices in medieval England (EcHR, Supplement 6, 1973), pp. 38-9, 65.
34. M. J. Stephenson, 'The productivity of medieval sheep on the great estates, 1100-1500' (unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986), p. 272; Farmer, 'Prices and wages', p. 754; T. H. Lloyd, The movement of wool prices in medieval England (EcHR, Supplement 6, 1973), pp. 38-9, 65.
35. M. J. Stephenson, 'The productivity of medieval sheep on the great estates, 1100-1500' (unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge, 1986), p. 272; Farmer, 'Prices and wages', p. 754; T. H. Lloyd, The movement of wool prices in medieval England (EcHR, Supplement 6, 1973), pp. 38-9, 65.
36. Titow, 'Land and population', p. 21a.
37. Lloyd, 'Wool prices', pp. 17, 40; Gras, English village, pp. 246, 256, 411-12.
38. Lloyd, 'Wool prices', pp. 17, 40; Gras, English village, pp. 246, 256, 411-12.
39. Lloyd, 'Wool prices', pp. 16-17, 39-40; Gras, English village, pp. 399, 405.
40. Lloyd, 'Wool prices', pp. 16-17, 39-40; Gras, English village, pp. 399, 405.
41. Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming', p. 28.
42. Ibid., pp. 34, 45.
43. R. Trow-Smith, A history of British livestock husbandry to 1700 (1957), p. 151.
44. Gras, English village, p. 191.
45. Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming', pp. 36, 46.
46. Ibid., p. 37.
47. Gras, English village, p. 416.
48. Ibid., pp. 41-2, where 'Wherwell' is mistaken for 'Harwell'.
49. Ibid., pp. 400, 406, 416.
50. Trow-Smith, History of British livestock husbandry, p. 150; Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming', p. 37.
51. Trow-Smith, History of British livestock husbandry, p. 150; Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming', p. 37.
52. Stephenson, 'Productivity of medieval sheep', pp. 35-6.
53. Gras, English village, p. 190.
54. Ibid., p. 225.
55. Ibid., p. 262.
56. Ibid., pp. 243, 262.
57. Ibid., pp. 198, 326.
58. Ibid., pp. 255, 369-70.
59. Trow-Smith, History of British livestock husbandry, p. 158; Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming', p. 40; Stone, 'Productivity and management of sheep', pp. 8-9.
60. Trow-Smith, History of British livestock husbandry, p. 158; Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming', p. 40; Stone, 'Productivity and management of sheep', pp. 8-9.
61. Trow-Smith, History of British livestock husbandry, p. 158; Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming', p. 40; Stone, 'Productivity and management of sheep', pp. 8-9.
62. Stephenson, 'Wool yields', p. 381.
63. Gras, English village, pp. 203, 209.
64. Trow-Smith, History of British livestock husbandry, p. 156.
65. Ibid., pp. 168-9.
66. Thornton, 'Determinants of land productivity', pp. 204-9; B- M. S. Campbell, 'Land, labour, livestock, and productivity trends in English seignorial agriculture, 1208-1450', in Campbell and Overton (eds), Land, labour and livestock, pp. 144-82.
67. Thornton, 'Determinants of land productivity', pp. 204-9; B- M. S. Campbell, 'Land, labour, livestock, and productivity trends in English seignorial agriculture, 1208-1450', in Campbell and Overton (eds), Land, labour and livestock, pp. 144-82.
68. Campbell, English seigniorial agriculture, p. 156.
69. Gras, English village, pp. 188, 191.
70. Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming', p. 41.
71. Farmer, 'Prices and wages', pp. 754, 756-7; Campbell, English seigniorial agriculture, p. 158.
72. Farmer, 'Prices and wages', pp. 754, 756-7; Campbell, English seigniorial agriculture, p. 158.
73. Ibid., p. 156.
74. Trow-Smith, History of British livestock husbandry, p. 160.
75. Ibid, p. 161; Stone, 'Productivity and management of sheep', pp. 7-12.
76. Ibid, p. 161; Stone, 'Productivity and management of sheep', pp. 7-12.
77. Trow-Smith, History of British livestock husbandry, p. 169; Stephenson, 'Productivity of medieval sheep', p. 45.
78. Trow-Smith, History of British livestock husbandry, p. 169; Stephenson, 'Productivity of medieval sheep', p. 45.
79. Stephenson, 'Wool yields', p. 377.
80. Gras, English village, pp. 421-2.
81. Stephenson, 'Wool yields', pp. 378, 381; Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming', pp. 26-8.
82. Stephenson, 'Wool yields', pp. 378, 381; Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming', pp. 26-8.
83. Stone, 'Productivity and management of sheep', pp. 7-12.
84. Gras, English village, pp. 421-2; Farmer, 'Marketing the produce', p. 397.
85. Gras, English village, pp. 421-2; Farmer, 'Marketing the produce', p. 397.
86. Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming', pp. 41-2.
87. Stone, 'Productivity and management of sheep', pp. 14-16.
88. Gras, English village, pp. 191, 195, 267.
89. Biddick, 'Agrarian productivity', p. 116; Campbell, English seigniorial agriculture, p. 154.
90. Biddick, 'Agrarian productivity', p. 116; Campbell, English seigniorial agriculture, p. 154.
91. Farmer, 'Marketing the produce', pp. 401-2; Farmer, 'Prices and wages', p. 758.
92. Farmer, 'Marketing the produce', pp. 401-2; Farmer, 'Prices and wages', p. 758.
93. J. P. Bischoff, '"I cannot do't without counters": fleece weights and sheep breeds in late thirteenth and early fourteenth century England', Agricultural Hist. 57 (1983), pp. 148-9.
94. Stephenson, 'Productivity of medieval sheep', p. 47.
95. Postan, Medieval economy and society, p. 49.
96. Thornton, 'Efficiency in medieval livestock farming', p. 43.
97. Stephenson, 'Wool yields', pp. 378, 381.