Anode melting from free-burning argon arcs

IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science

Volumn 32, Issue 1 I, 2004, Pages 108-117

  Ushio, Masao ^a   Tanaka, Manabu ^a   Lowke, John J ^b  

^a OSAKA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b CSIRO   (Australia)

Author keywords

Arcs; Argon; Free burning; Melting; Modeling; Welding

Indexed keywords

ANODES; ARGON; CURRENT DENSITY; ELECTRODES; MELTING; SURFACE TENSION;

ARGON ARCS; MOLTEN WELD POOL;

ELECTRIC ARCS;

EID: 2442494947     PISSN: 00933813     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2004.823970     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. N. Sanders, K. Etemadi, K. C. Hsu, and E. Pfender, "Studies of the anode region of a high intensity argon arc," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 53, pp. 4138-4890, 1982.
2. J. Jenista, J. V. R. Heberlein, and E. Pfender, "Numerical model of the anode region of high current electric arcs," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 25, pp. 883-890, Oct. 1997.
3. M. Tanaka, T. Shimizu, H. Terasaki, M. Ushio, F. Koshi-ishi, and C. L. Yang, "Effects of activating flux on arc phenomenon in gas tungsten arc welding," Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., vol. 5, pp. 397-402, 2000.
4. H. Terasaki, M. Tanaka, and M. Ushio, "Effects of metal vapor on electron temperature in helium gas tungsten arcs," Metal. Trans. A, vol. 33A, pp. 1183-1188, 2002.
5. A. Matsunawa, "Modeling of heat and fluid flow in arc welding," in Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Trends in Welding Research, Gatlinburg, TN, June 1-5, 1992.
6. K. C. Hsu and E. Pfender, "Two temperature modeling of the free burning high intensity arc," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 54, pp. 4359-4366, 1983.
7. P. Kovitya and J. J. Lowke, "Two dimensional analysis of free burning arcs in argon," J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., vol. 18, pp. 53-70, 1985.
8. M. Ushio, J. Szekely and C. W. Chang, "Mathematical modeling of flow field and heat transfer in high current arc discharge," Ironmaking Steelmaking, no. 6, pp. 279-286, 1981.
9. J. J. Lowke, P. Kovitya, and H. P. Schmidt, "Theory of free burning arc columns including the influence of the cathode," J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., vol. 25, pp. 1600-1606, 1992.
10. C. S. Wu, M. Ushio, and M. Tanaka, "Analysis of the TIG welding arc behavior," Computat. Mater. Sci., vol. 7, pp. 308-314, 1997.
11. M. Goodarzi, R. Choo, and J. M. Toguri, "The effect of the cathode tip angle on the GTAW arc and the weld pool I," J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., vol. 30, pp. 2744-2756, 1997.
12. T. Zacharia, S. A. David, J. M. Vitek, and T. Debroy, "Modeling of interfacial phenomena in welding," Metall. Trans. B, vol. 21B, pp. 600-603, 1990.
13. S. A. David, T. DebRoy, and J. M. Vitek, "Phenomenological modeling of fusion welding process," Mater. Res. Soci. Bull., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 29-35, 1994.
14. T. Zacharia, S. A. David, J. M. Vitekand, and H. G. Kraus, "Surface temperature distribution of GTA weld pools on thin plate 304 stainless steel," Weld. J., vol. 74, pp. 353s-362s, 1995.
15. Y. Lei, Y. Shi, H. Murakawa, and Y. Ueda, "Numerical analysis of the effect of sulfur content upon fluid flow and weld pool geometry for type 304 stainless steel," Trans. Join. Weld. Res. Inst. Osaka Univ., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 1997.
16. C. Winkler, G. Amberg, H. Inoue, T. Koseki, and M. Fuji, "Effect of surface contaminant redistribution on weld pool shape during gas tungsten arc welding," Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 8-19, 2000.
17. R. T. C. Choo and J. Szekely, "Vaporization kinetics and surface temperature in a mutually coupled spot gas tungsten arc weld and weld pool," Weld. J., vol. 71, pp. 77s-93s, 1992.
18. M. Goodarzi, R. Choo, T. Takasu, and J. M. Toguri, "The effects of the cathode tip angle on the gas tungsten arc welding arc and weld pool II," J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., vol. 31, pp. 569-583, 1998.
19. M. Tanaka, H. Teresaki, M. Ushio, and J. J. Lowke, "Numerical study of a free burning argon arc with anode melting," Plasma Chem. Plasma Process., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 585-606, 2003.
20. L. Sansonnens, J. Haidar, and J. J. Lowke, "Prediction of properties of free burning arcs including effects of ambipolar diffusion," J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., vol. 33, pp. 148-157, 2000.
21. J. J. Lowke, "Simple theory of free burning arcs," J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., vol. 12, pp. 1873-1885, 1979.
22. M. Tanaka, M. Ushio, and C. S. Wu, "One dimensional analysis of the anode boundary layer in free burning argon arcs," J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., vol. 77, pp. 605-611, 1999.
23. R. S. Devoto, "Transport coefficients in partially ionized argon," Phys. Fluids, vol. 10, pp. 354-366, 1967.
24. ____, "Simplified expressions for the transport properties of ionized monatomic gases," Phys. Fluids, vol. 10, pp. 2105-2112, 1967.
25. M. I. Hoffert and H. Lien, Phys. Fluids, vol. 10, pp. 1769-1777, 1967.
26. E. Hinnov and J. G. Hirschberg, Phys. Rev., vol. 125, pp. 795-801, 1962.
27. C. R. Heiple and J. R. Roper, "Effect of selenium on GTAW fusion zone geometry," Weld. J., vol. 60, pp. 143s-145s, 1981.
28. ____, "Mechanism for minor element effect on GTA fusion zone geometry," Weld. J., vol. 61, pp. 97s-102s, 1982.
29. P. Burgardt and C. R. Heiple, "Interaction between impurities and welding variables in determining GTA weld shape," Weld. J., vol. 65, pp. 150s-1552, 1986.
30. M. Ushio, D. Fan, and M. Tanaka, "A method of estimating the space charge voltage drop for thermionic arc cathodes," J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., vol. 77, pp. 561-566, 1994.
31. S. V. Patanker, Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980.
32. O. H. Nestor, "Heat intensity and current density distributions at the anode of high-current, inert-gas arcs," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 33, pp. 1638-1648, 1962.
33. O. H. Nestor and H. N. Olsen, "Numerical methods for reducing line and surface probe data," SIAM Rev., vol. 2, pp. 200-207, 1960.
34. J. Tusek, "Experimental investigation of gas tungsten arc welding and comparison with theoretical predictions," IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 28, pp. 1688-1693, Oct. 2000.
35. E. Pfender, Electric Arcs and Arc Gas Heaters. New York: Academic, 1978, ch. 6, pp. 291-398.
36. M. Tanaka and M. Ushio, "Plasma state in free burning argon arc and its effect on anode heat transfer," J. Phys. D, Appl. Phys., vol. 32, pp. 1153-1162, 1999.
37. M. I. Boulos, P. Fauchais, and E. Pfender, Thermal Plasmas. New York: Plenum, 1994, vol. 1.