Comparison of Mesoporous Zn-Al-MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41 Molecular Sieves in the Production of p-Cymene by Isopropylation of Toluene

Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research

Volumn 43, Issue 10, 2004, Pages 2399-2412

  Selvaraj, M ^a,b   Pandurangan, A ^a   Sinha, P K ^b  

^a ANNA UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b CWMF   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS; DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS; FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR SIEVES; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SILICA; TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMED DESORPTION; THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS; TOLUENE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; X RAY DIFFRACTION; X RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY;

ACID SITES; LEWIS ACIDS; REACTION TEMPERATURE; TETRAHEDRAL ENVIRONMENTS;

ZINC COMPOUNDS;

2 PROPANOL; ALKYLATING AGENT; ALUMINUM; AMMONIUM DERIVATIVE; CETRIMIDE; NITROGEN; PYRIDINE; SILICON; SURFACTANT; THYMOQUINONE; TOLUENE; ZINC;

MOLECULAR SIEVE;

ACIDITY; ADSORPTION; ARTICLE; CATALYST; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ISOPROPYLATION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; POROSITY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SIEVE TUBE; SPACE; TEMPERATURE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; VELOCITY; WEIGHT; X RAY DIFFRACTION;

EID: 2442492918     PISSN: 08885885     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ie0340084     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Hatch, L. F.; Mater, S. From Hydrocarbons to Petrochemicals. Hydrocarbon Process. 1979, 58, 189.
2. Kaeding, W. W.; Chu, C.; Young, L. B.; Weinstein, B.; Butter, S. A Selective Alkylation of Toluene with Methanol to produce Para-xylene. J. Catal. 1981, 67, 159.
3. Kim, J. O.; Kunieda, T.; Niwa, M. Generation of Shape selectivity of P-xylene Formation in the synthesised ZSM-5 Zeolites. J. Catal. 1988, 173, 433.
4. Flockhart, B. D.; Liew, K. Y.; Pink, R. C. Alkylation of Toluene with Propene Using Zeolite Catalysts. J. Catal. 1981, 72, 314.
5. Parikh, P. A.; Subrahmanyam, N.; Bhat, Y. S.; Halgeri, A. B. Toluene Isopropylation over Zeolite β and Metallosilicates of MFI structure. Appl. Catal., A 1992, 90, 1.
6. Reddy, K. S.; Rao, B. S.; Skiralkar, V. P. Selective formation of cymenes over large pore zeolites. Appl. Catal., A 1995, 121, 191.
7. Cejka, J.; Kapustin, G. A.; Wichtetlova, B. Factor Controlling Iso/N-and Para-Selectivity in the Alkylation of Toluene with Isopropanol on Molecular sieves. Appl. Catal., A 1995, 108, 187.
8. Corma, A.; Fornes, V.; Navarro, M. T.; Perez-pariente, J. Acidity and Stability of MCM-41 Crystalline Aluminosilicates. J. Catal. 1994, 148, 569.
9. Bellussi, G.; Pazzuconi, G.; Perego, C.; Girotti, G.; Terzoni, G. Liquid-Phase Alkylation of Benzene with Light Olefins Catalyzed by β-Zeolites. J. Catal. 1995, 157, 227.
10. Koyano, K. A.; Tatsumi, T. Synthesis of titanium-containing mesoporous molecular sieves with a cubic structure. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1996, 145.
11. Busio, M.; Janchen, J.; Van Hooff, J. H. C. Aluminum incorporation in MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves. Microporous Mater. 1995, 5, 211.
12. Roberge, D. M.; Buhl, D.; Neiederer, J. P. M.; Hoelderich, W. F. Catalytic aspects in the transformation of pinenes to p-cymene. Appl. Catal., A 2001, 215, 111.
13. Buhl, D.; Roberge, D. M.; Hoelderich, W. F. Production of p-cymene from α-limonene over silica supported Pd catalysts. Appl. Catal., A 1999, 188, 287.
14. Perego, C.; Amarilli, S.; Carati, A.; Flego, C.; Pazzuconi, G.; Rizzo, C.; Bellussi, G. Mesoporous silica-aluminas as catalysts for the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons with olefins. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 1999, 27, 345.
15. Cejka, J.; Krejei, A.; Zilkova, N.; Dedecek, J.; Hanika, J. Alkylation and disproportionation of aromatic hydrocarbons over mesoporous molecular sieves. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2001, 44-45, 499.
16. Selvaraj, M; Pandurangan, A.; Seshadri, K. S.; Sinha, P. K.; Krishnasamy, V.; Lal, K. B. Comparison of Mesoporous Al-MCM-41 Molecular Sieves in the production of P-Cymene for Isopropylation of Toluene. J. Mol. Catal. A 2002, 186, 173.
17. Selvaraj, M.; Pandurangan, A.; Seshadri, K. S.; Sinha, P. K.; Lal, K. B. Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Application of MCM-41 Mesoporous Molecular sieves containing Zn and Al. Appl. Catal., A 2003, 242, 347.
18. Nayak, V. S. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Poona, Poona, India, 1982.
19. Tanev, P. T.; Pinnavaia, T. J. A Neutral Templating Route to Mesoporous Molecular Sieves. Science 1995, 267, 865.
20. Beck, J. S.; Vartuli, J. C.; Roth, W. J.; Lemowicz, M. E.; Kresge, C. T. ; Schmitt, K. D.; Chu, C. T. W.; Olson, D. H.; Sheppard, E. W.; Mccullen, S. B. ; Higgins, J. B.; Schlenker, J. C. A New Family of Mesoporous Molecular Sieves Prepared with Liquid Crystal Templates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 144, 10834.
21. Kiseler, A. V.; Lygin, V. I. Infrared Spectra of Surface Compounds and Adsorbed Substances; Nauka: Moskow, 1992.
22. Camblor, M. A.; Corma, A.; Perez-Pariente, J. Infrared Spectroscopic Investigation of Titanium in Zeolites. A New Assignment of the 960 cm-1 Band. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1993, 557.
23. Occelli, M. L.; Biz, S.; Auroux, A.; Ray, G. J. Effects of the nature of the aluminum source on the acidic properties of some mesostructured materials. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 1998, 26, 193.
24. Chen, C.-Y.; Li, H.-X.; Davis, M. E. Studies on Mesoporous Molecular Materials. 1. Syntheses and Characterization of MCM-41. Microporous Mater. 1993, 2, 17.
25. Gregg, S. J.; Sing, K. S. W. Adsorption, Surface Area and Porosity, 2nd ed.; Academic Press: New York, 1982.
26. Mokaya, R.; Jones, W. Aluminosilicate mesoporous molecular sieves with enhanced stability obtained by reacting MCM-41 with aluminium chlorohydrate. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1998, 1839.
27. Engelhardt, G.; Michel, D. High Resolution Solid State NMR of Silicates and Zeolites; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1991; p 67.
28. Kosslick, H.; Lischke, G.; Walther, G.; Storek, W.; Martin, A.; Fricke, R. Physico-chemical and catalytic properties of Al-, Ga- and Fe-substituted mesoporous materials related to MCM-41. Microporous Mater. 1997, 9, 13.
29. 27Al NMR: tetrahedral non-framework aluminium in hydrothermally treated zeolites. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1987, 134, 589.
30. 14N NMR Study of Surfactant Mesophase in the Synthesis of Mesoporous Silicates. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1994, 1571.
31. Kresge, C. T.; Leonowicz, M. E.; Roth, W. J.; Vashuli, J. C.; Beck, J. S. Orderded Mesoporous Molecular Sieves Synthesized by a Liquid-Crystal Template Mechanism. Nature 1992, 359, 710.
32. Hughes, T. R.; White, H. M. A study of the surface structure of decationed Y zeolite by Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. 1967, 71, 2192.