Selection of ants by the American black bear (Ursus americanus)

Western North American Naturalist

Volumn 64, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 166-174

  Auger, Janene ^a   Ogborn, Gary L ^b   Pritchett, Clyde L ^a   Black, Hal L ^a  

^a BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UTAH DIVISION OF WILDLIFE RESOURCES   (United States)

Author keywords

Ant colonies; Ants; Black bears; Myrmecophagy; Nutrition; Selective foraging

Indexed keywords

CAMPONOTUS; FORMICA; FORMICIDAE; INSECTA; LASIUS; MYRMICA; SCATOPHAGIDAE (FISHES); TAPINOMA; URSUS; URSUS AMERICANUS;

EID: 2442466939     PISSN: 15270904     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. ALLRED, D.M. 1982. Ants of Utah. Great Basin Naturalist 42:415-511.
2. BATES, J.W., AND A. HENRY. 1999. 1998 Utah black bear harvest Publication 99-25. Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Wildlife Resources. Salt Lake City. 21 pp.
3. BEEMAN, L.E., AND M.R. PELTON. 1980. Seasonal foods and feeding ecology of black bears in the Smoky Mountains. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 4:141-147.
4. BIGELOW, N.K. 1922. Insect food of the black bear (Ursus americanus). Canadian Entomologist 43:49-50.
5. BRODY, A.J., AND M.R. PELTON. 1988. Seasonal changes in digestion in black bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66:1482-1484.
6. CORNELIUS, C., G. DANDRIFOSSE, AND C. JEUNIAUX. 1976. Chitinolytic enzymes of the gastric mucosa of Perodictus potto (Primate Prosimian): purification and enzyme specificity. International Journal of Biochemistry 7:445-448.
7. DUFOUR, D.L. 1987. Insects as food: a case study from the northwest Amazon. American Anthropologist 89:383-397.
8. GRABER, D.M., AND M. WHITE. 1983. Black bear food habits in Yosemite National Park. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 5:1-10.
9. GRIFFITHS, M. 1968. Echidnas. Pergamon Press Ltd., Oxford, UK. 282 pp.
10. HATLER, D.F. 1972. Food habits of black bears in interior Alaska. Canadian Field-Naturalist 86:17-31.
11. HÖLLDOBLER, B., AND E.O. WILSON. 1990. The ants. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 732 pp.
12. JEUNIAUX, C. 1961. Chitinase: an addition to the list of hydrolases in the digestive tract of vertebrates. Nature 192:135-136.
13. JOHNSON, L.A. 1996. Black bear myrmecophagy in the Central Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Master's thesis, Northern Michigan University, Marquette. 67 pp.
14. LANDERS, J.L., R.J. HAMILTON, A.S. JOHNSON, AND R.L. MARCHINTON. 1979. Foods and habitat of black bears in southeastern North Carolina. Journal of Wildlife Management 43:143-153.
15. MAEHR, D.S., AND J.R. BRADY. 1984. Food habits of Florida black bears. Journal of Wildlife Management 48:230-235.
16. MATTSON, D.J. 2001. Myrmecophagy by Yellowstone grizzly bears. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79:779-793.
17. MCGREW, W.C. 1974. Tool use by wild chimpanzees in feeding upon drive ants. Journal of Human Evolution 3:501-508.
18. MCNAB, B.K. 1988. Complications inherent in scaling the basal rate of metabolism in mammals. Quarterly Review of Biology 63:25-54.
19. MERRIAM, C.H. 1898. Life zones and crop zones of the United States. USDA, Bureau of Biological Survey Bulletin 10:1-79, 1 map.
20. MONTGOMERY, G.G. 1985. Impact of vermilinguas (Cyclopes, Tamandua: Xenarthra = Edentata) on arboreal ant populations. Pages 351-363 in G.G. Montgomery, editor, The evolution and ecology of armadillos, sloths, and vermilinguas. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington, DC.
21. MONTGOMERY, G.G., AND Y.D. Lubin. 1977. Prey influences on movements of neotropical anteaters. Pages 103-131 in R.L. Phillips and C. Jonkel, editors, Proceedings of the 1975 Predator Symposium. Montana Forest and Conservation Experiment Station, University of Montana, Missoula.
22. NISHIDA, T., AND M. HIRAIWA. 1982. Natural history of a tool-using behavior by wild chimpanzees in feeding upon wood-boring ants. Journal of Human Evolution 11:73-99.
23. NOYCE, K.V., AND D.L. GARSHELIS. 1998. Spring weight changes in black bears in northcentral Minnesota: the negative foraging period revisited. Ursus 10:521-531.
24. NOYCE, K.V., P.B. KANNOWSKI, AND M.R. RIGGS. 1997. Black bears as anteaters: seasonal associations between bear myrmecophagy and ant ecology in north-central Minnesota. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75:1671-1686.
25. RAINE, R.M., AND J.L. KANSAS. 1990. Black bear seasonal food habits and distribution by elevation in Banff National Park, Alberta. International Conference of Bear Research and Management 8:297-304.
26. REDFORD, K.H. 1987. Ants and termites as food: patterns of mammalian myrmecophagy. Pages 349-399 in H.H. Genoways, editor, Current mammalogy. Plenum Press, New York.
27. REDFORD, K.H., AND J.G. DOREA. 1984. The nutritional value of invertebrates with emphasis on ants and termites as food for mammals. Journal of Zoology 203:385-395.
28. RICHARDSON, W.S. 1991. Habitat selection and feeding ecology of black bears in southeastern Utah. Master's thesis, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT. 75 pp.
29. RICHMOND, G.M. 1962. Quaternary stratigraphy of the LaSal Mountains. Geological Survey Professional Paper 324. United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey. 135 pp.
30. ROBBINS, C.T. 1993. Wildlife feeding and nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. 352 pp.
31. ROGERS, L.L. 1987. Effects of food supply and kinship on social behavior, movements, and population growth of black bears in northeastern Minnesota. Wildlife Monographs 97:1-72.
32. SEID, M.A. 1997. Ant colonies under rocks as a food source for black bears (Ursus americanus). Master's thesis, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT. 47 pp.
33. STIRLING, I., AND A.E. DEROCHER. 1990. Factors affecting the evolution and behavioral ecology of the modern bears. International Conference on Bear Research and Management 8:189-204.
34. SWENSON, J.E., A. JANSSON, R. RIIG, AND F. SANDEGREN. 1999. Bears and ants: myrmecophagy by brown bears in central Scandinavia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 77:551-561.
35. TISCH, E.L. 1961. Seasonal food habits of the black bear in the Whitefish Range of northwestern Montana. Master's thesis, Montana State University, Bozeman. 108 pp.
36. WHEELER, G.C., AND J.N. WHEELER. 1986. The ants of Nevada. Allen Press, Inc., Lawrence, KS. 138 pp.
37. WIGGLESWORTH, V.B. 1972. The principles of insect physiology. 7th edition. Chapman and Hall, London. 827 pp.
38. WILLIAMS, S., EDITOR. 1984. Official methods of analysis. 14th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Inc., Arlington, VA. 1141 pp.