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1
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0034863672
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Molecular genetics of nucleotide sugar interconversion pathways in plants
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Reiter W.D., Vanzin G.F. Molecular genetics of nucleotide sugar interconversion pathways in plants. Plant Mol Biol. 47:2001;95-113
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Plant Mol Biol
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Reiter, W.D.1
Vanzin, G.F.2
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2
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0031043019
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The MUR1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes an isoform of GDP-D-mannose-4,6-dehydratase, catalyzing the first step in the de novo synthesis of GDP-L-fucose
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Bonin C.P., Potter I., Vanzin G.F., Reiter W.D. The MUR1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes an isoform of GDP-D-mannose-4, 6-dehydratase, catalyzing the first step in the de novo synthesis of GDP-L-fucose. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:1997;2085-2090
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Bonin, C.P.1
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Reiter, W.D.4
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3
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0034038277
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A bifunctional epimerase-reductase acts downstream of the MUR1 gene product and completes the de novo synthesis of GDP-L-fucose in Arabidopsis
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Bonin C.P., Reiter W.D. A bifunctional epimerase-reductase acts downstream of the MUR1 gene product and completes the de novo synthesis of GDP-L-fucose in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 21:2000;445-454
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Plant J
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Bonin, C.P.1
Reiter, W.D.2
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4
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0346850865
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GDP-mannose 3″,5″-epimerase forms GDP-L-gulose, a putative intermediate for the de novo biosynthesis of vitamin C in plants
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Purified native and recombinant enzyme preparations reveal intriguing properties. Several properties of GME1, including its low catalytic rate, stimulation/inhibition by NAD(P)/NAD(P)H, inhibition by GDP-L-fucose, feedback inhibition by ascorbic acid and L-galctono-1,4-lactone, and heat shock protein70 (hsp70) binding, argue for a regulatory role for this protein. The interaction between GME1 and other proteins potentially affects the relative yield of its two enzyme products, UDP-L-galactose and UDP-L-gulose. These properties could be instrumental in the regulation of substrate flux into cell wall and vitamin C biosynthesis.
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Wolucka B.A., Van Montagu M. GDP-mannose 3″, 5″-epimerase forms GDP-L-gulose, a putative intermediate for the de novo biosynthesis of vitamin C in plants. J Biol Chem. 278:2003;47483-47490 Purified native and recombinant enzyme preparations reveal intriguing properties. Several properties of GME1, including its low catalytic rate, stimulation/inhibition by NAD(P)/NAD(P)H, inhibition by GDP-L-fucose, feedback inhibition by ascorbic acid and L-galctono-1, 4-lactone, and heat shock protein70 (hsp70) binding, argue for a regulatory role for this protein. The interaction between GME1 and other proteins potentially affects the relative yield of its two enzyme products, UDP-L-galactose and UDP-L-gulose. These properties could be instrumental in the regulation of substrate flux into cell wall and vitamin C biosynthesis.
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J Biol Chem
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Wolucka, B.A.1
Van Montagu, M.2
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5
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0035910071
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Partial purification and identification of GDP-mannose 3″,5″-epimerase of Arabidopsis thaliana, a key enzyme of the plant vitamin C pathway
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Wolucka B.A., Persiau G., Van Doorsselaere J., Davey M.W., Demol H., Vandekerckhove J., Van Montagu M., Zabeau M., Boerjan W. Partial purification and identification of GDP-mannose 3″, 5″-epimerase of Arabidopsis thaliana, a key enzyme of the plant vitamin C pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:2001;14843-14848
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Wolucka, B.A.1
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Van Doorsselaere, J.3
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Demol, H.5
Vandekerckhove, J.6
Van Montagu, M.7
Zabeau, M.8
Boerjan, W.9
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6
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0842328849
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RHM2 is involved in mucilage pectin synthesis and is required for the development of the seed coat in Arabidopsis thaliana
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RHM2 was targeted in a reverse genetics approach. Two rhm2 mutant alleles display aberrant seed coat morphology and decreased production of seed coat mucilage. The rhamnogalacturonan I deficiency in the rhm2-1 seed coat mucilage is consistent with the previously predicted role of RHM2 in L-rhamnose biosynthesis.
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Usadel B., Kuschinsky A.M., Rosso M.G., Eckermann N., Pauly M. RHM2 is involved in mucilage pectin synthesis and is required for the development of the seed coat in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 134:2004;286-295 RHM2 was targeted in a reverse genetics approach. Two rhm2 mutant alleles display aberrant seed coat morphology and decreased production of seed coat mucilage. The rhamnogalacturonan I deficiency in the rhm2-1 seed coat mucilage is consistent with the previously predicted role of RHM2 in L-rhamnose biosynthesis.
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Plant Physiol
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Usadel, B.1
Kuschinsky, A.M.2
Rosso, M.G.3
Eckermann, N.4
Pauly, M.5
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7
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0842285681
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MUCILAGE-MODIFIED4 encodes a putative pectin biosynthetic enzyme developmentally regulated by APETALA2, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 and GLABRA2 in the Arabidopsis seed coat
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The mucilage modified4 mutants were positionally identified as RHM2 alleles. Transcriptional regulators that are known to be involved in epidermal differentiation (i.e. APETALA2 [AP2], TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 [TTG1], GLABRA2 [GL2] and TTG2) were found to modulate RHM2/MUM4 expression. The similar cellular phenotypes of rhm2/mum4 and ap2, ttg1, ttg2, and gl2 mutants demonstrate the importance of nucleotide sugar biosynthesis for cellular morphogenesis.
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Western T.L., Young D.S., Dean G.H., Tan W.L., Samuels A.L., Haughn G.W. MUCILAGE-MODIFIED4 encodes a putative pectin biosynthetic enzyme developmentally regulated by APETALA2, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 and GLABRA2 in the Arabidopsis seed coat. Plant Physiol. 134:2004;296-306 The mucilage modified4 mutants were positionally identified as RHM2 alleles. Transcriptional regulators that are known to be involved in epidermal differentiation (i.e. APETALA2 [AP2], TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 [TTG1], GLABRA2 [GL2] and TTG2) were found to modulate RHM2/MUM4 expression. The similar cellular phenotypes of rhm2/mum4 and ap2, ttg1, ttg2, and gl2 mutants demonstrate the importance of nucleotide sugar biosynthesis for cellular morphogenesis.
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Plant Physiol
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Western, T.L.1
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Cloning of an enzyme that synthesizes a key nucleotide-sugar precursor of hemicellulose biosynthesis from soybean: UDP-glucose dehydrogenase
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Seitz B., Klos C., Wurm M., Tenhaken R. Matrix polysaccharide precursors in Arabidopsis cell walls are synthesized by alternate pathways with organ-specific expression patterns. Plant J. 21:2000;537-546
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Seitz, B.1
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Purification and kinetic properties of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase from sugarcane
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Turner W., Botha F.C. Purification and kinetic properties of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase from sugarcane. Arch Biochem Biophys. 407:2002;209-216
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Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding poplar UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, a key gene of hemicellulose/pectin formation
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Johansson H., Sterky F., Amini B., Lundeberg J., Kleczkowski L.A. Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding poplar UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, a key gene of hemicellulose/pectin formation. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1576:2002;53-58
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Arner R.J., Prabhu K.S., Thompson J.T., Hildenbrandt G.R., Liken A.D., Reddy C.C. Myo-inositol oxygenase: molecular cloning and expression of a unique enzyme that oxidizes myo-inositol and D-chiro-inositol. Biochem J. 360:2001;313-320
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Kanter U., Becker M., Friauf E., Tenhaken R. Purification, characterization and functional cloning of inositol oxidase from Cryptococcus. Yeast. 20:2003;1317-1329
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Bar-Peled M., Griffith C.L., Doering T.L. Functional cloning and characterization of a UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase: the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans elucidates UDP-xylose synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 98:2001;12003-12008
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Purification and cDNA cloning of UDP-D-glucuronate carboxy-lyase (UDP-D-xylose synthase) from pea seedlings
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+ of the cloned but not the purified enzyme could indicate isoform-specific roles in redox regulation.
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+ of the cloned but not the purified enzyme could indicate isoform-specific roles in redox regulation.
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Plant Cell Physiol
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Kobayashi, M.1
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Biosynthesis of UDP-xylose. Cloning and characterization of a novel Arabidopsis gene family, UXS, encoding soluble and putative membrane-bound UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase isoforms
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Recombinant AtUXS1/AUD3 and AtUXS3/SUD2 act as UXS in vitro, experimentally confirming the existence of multiple UXS genes in plants. The low activity of AtUXS2/AUD1 could be a bacterial expression artefact or indicate isoenzyme-specific properties.
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Harper A.D., Bar-Peled M. Biosynthesis of UDP-xylose. Cloning and characterization of a novel Arabidopsis gene family, UXS, encoding soluble and putative membrane-bound UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase isoforms. Plant Physiol. 130:2002;2188-2198 Recombinant AtUXS1/AUD3 and AtUXS3/SUD2 act as UXS in vitro, experimentally confirming the existence of multiple UXS genes in plants. The low activity of AtUXS2/AUD1 could be a bacterial expression artefact or indicate isoenzyme-specific properties.
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Plant Physiol
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Harper, A.D.1
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0037053343
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UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase, a key enzyme in proteoglycan synthesis: Cloning, characterization, and localization
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Moriarity J.L., Hurt K.J., Resnick A.C., Storm P.B., Laroy W., Schnaar R.L., Snyder S.H. UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase, a key enzyme in proteoglycan synthesis: cloning, characterization, and localization. J Biol Chem. 277:2002;16968-16975
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Moriarity, J.L.1
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Characterisation and immunolocation of an 87 kDa polypeptide associated with UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase activity from differentiating tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
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Wheatley E.R., Davies D.R., Bolwell G.P. Characterisation and immunolocation of an 87 kDa polypeptide associated with UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase activity from differentiating tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Phytochemistry. 61:2002;771-780
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The biosynthesis of the branched-chain sugar D-apiose in plants: Functional cloning and characterization of a UDP-D-apiose/UDP-D-xylose synthase from Arabidopsis
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Galactose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis: Genetic evidence for substrate channeling from UDP-D-galactose into cell wall polymers
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The RHD1/ROOT EPIDERMAL BULGER1 locus was identified as the UGE4 gene. The dramatic rhd1 root phenotype is associated with normal composition of galactolipids but reductions in arabinogalactan proteins and fucogalactosylated xyloglucan. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates that the defect in UGE4 affects different cell wall polymers in a cell-type- and cell-wall-domain-specific manner, prompting the hypothesis that co-expressed UGE isoforms form substrate channels with polymer-specific galactosyltransferases.
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Seifert G.J., Barber C., Wells B., Dolan L., Roberts K. Galactose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis: genetic evidence for substrate channeling from UDP-D-galactose into cell wall polymers. Curr Biol. 12:2002;1840-1845 The RHD1/ROOT EPIDERMAL BULGER1 locus was identified as the UGE4 gene. The dramatic rhd1 root phenotype is associated with normal composition of galactolipids but reductions in arabinogalactan proteins and fucogalactosylated xyloglucan. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates that the defect in UGE4 affects different cell wall polymers in a cell-type- and cell-wall-domain-specific manner, prompting the hypothesis that co-expressed UGE isoforms form substrate channels with polymer-specific galactosyltransferases.
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Munoz R., Lopez R., de Frutos M., Garcia E. First molecular characterization of a uridine diphosphate galacturonate 4-epimerase: an enzyme required for capsular biosynthesis in Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1. Mol Microbiol. 31:1999;703-713
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Burget E.G., Reiter W.D. The mur4 mutant of Arabidopsis is partially defective in the de novo synthesis of uridine diphospho-L-arabinose. Plant Physiol. 121:1999;383-389
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The biosynthesis of L-arabinose in plants: Molecular cloning and characterization of a Golgi-localized UDP-D-xylose 4-epimerase encoded by the MUR4 gene of Arabidopsis
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The map-based cloning of the arabinose-deficient mur4 mutant locus identifies the first UDP-D-xylose 4-epimerase. UXE1/MUR1 acts in a nucleotide-sugar-specific manner and is presumably targeted to the secretory apparatus stem, as suggested by brefeldin-A-sensitive vesicular green fluorescent protein (GFP)::UXE1 localisation. Spurious overexpression of MUR4 increases the cell wall arabinose content, indicating that the rate of cell wall arabinosylation is limited by this enzyme.
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Burget E.G., Verma R., Molhoj M., Reiter W.D. The biosynthesis of L-arabinose in plants: molecular cloning and characterization of a Golgi-localized UDP-D-xylose 4-epimerase encoded by the MUR4 gene of Arabidopsis. Plant Cell. 15:2003;523-531 The map-based cloning of the arabinose-deficient mur4 mutant locus identifies the first UDP-D-xylose 4-epimerase. UXE1/MUR1 acts in a nucleotide-sugar-specific manner and is presumably targeted to the secretory apparatus stem, as suggested by brefeldin-A-sensitive vesicular green fluorescent protein (GFP)::UXE1 localisation. Spurious overexpression of MUR4 increases the cell wall arabinose content, indicating that the rate of cell wall arabinosylation is limited by this enzyme.
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Burget, E.G.1
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The GMD1 and GMD2 genes of Arabidopsis encode isoforms of GDP-D-mannose 4,6-dehydratase with cell type-specific expression patterns
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Bonin C.P., Freshour G., Hahn M.G., Vanzin G.F., Reiter W.D. The GMD1 and GMD2 genes of Arabidopsis encode isoforms of GDP-D-mannose 4, 6-dehydratase with cell type-specific expression patterns. Plant Physiol. 132:2003;883-892
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A study that highlights the usefulness of mutants that are defective in a nucleotide sugar interconversion enzyme for the functional characterisation of cell wall carbohydrates. Together with the existence of a lectin that binds to α-L-Fuc-(1→2)-(-L-Ara-(1→)), and that only is present on arabinogalactan proteins and inhibits root growth, the short root phenotype of the mur1 mutant indicates a role for fucosylated arabinogalactan proteins in root elongation.
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