Culture techniques for soil dwelling earthworms: A review

Pedobiologia

Volumn 49, Issue 5, 2005, Pages 401-413

  Lowe, Christopher N ^a   Butt, Kevin R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL LANCASHIRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Earthworms; Growth; Laboratory culture; Reproduction; Temperate species

Indexed keywords

EARTHWORM; GROWTH; REPRODUCTION; SOIL PROPERTY; VERMICULTURE;

ALLOLOBOPHORA CHLOROTICA; APORRECTODEA CALIGINOSA; APORRECTODEA LONGA; LUMBRICUS TERRESTRIS; PHERETIMA SIEBOLDI;

EID: 24344461752     PISSN: 00314056     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedobi.2005.04.005     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. G.H. Baker, and W.A. Whitby Soil pH preferences and the influences of soil type and temperature on the survival and growth of Aporrectodea longa (Lumbricidae) Pedobiologia 47 2003 745 753
2. G. Baker, P. Carter, V. Barrett, J. Hirth, P. Mele, and C. Gourley Does the deep-burrowing earthworm Aporrectodea longa, compete with resident earthworm communities when introduced to pastures in south-eastern Australia? Eur. J. Soil Biol. 38 2002 39 42
3. E.C. Berry, and D. Jordan Temperature and soil moisture content effects on the growth of Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) under laboratory conditions Soil Biol. Biochem. 33 2001 133 136
4. U. Boström Growth and cocoon production by the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa in soil mixed with various plant materials Pedobiologia 32 1988 77 80
5. U. Boström, and A. Löfs-Holmin Growth of earthworms (Allolobophora caliginosa) fed shoots and roots of barley, meadow fescue and lucerne. Studies in relation to particle size, protein, crude fibre content and toxicity Pedobiologia 29 1986 1 12
6. Boyle, K. E., 1990. The ecology of earthworms (Lumbricidae) in grassland on reclaimed cutover peatland and their impact on soil physical properties and grass yield. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, National University of Ireland. In: Edwards, C. A. (Ed.), Earthworm Ecology, St. Lucie Press, Boca Raton, pp. 37-64.
7. K.R. Butt The effects of temperature on the intensive production of Lumbricus terrestris Pedobiologia 35 1991 257 264
8. K.R. Butt Utilisation of soild paper-mill sludge and spent brewery yeast as a feed for soil-dwelling earthworms Bioresource Technol. 44 1993 105 107
9. K.R. Butt Reproduction and growth of three deep-burrowing earthworms in laboratory culture in order to assess production for soil restoration Biol. Fertil. Soils 16 1993 135 138
10. K.R. Butt Reproduction and growth of the earthworm Allolobophora chlorotica (Savigny, 1826) in controlled environments Pedobiologia 41 1997 369 374
11. K.R. Butt Interactions between selected earthworm species: a preliminary, laboratory-based study Appl. Soil Ecol. 9 1998 75 79
12. K.R. Butt Earthworms of the Malham Tarn Estate (Yorkshire Dales National Park) Field Stud. 9 2000 701 710
13. K.R. Butt, J. Fredrickson, and R.M. Morris The intensive production of Lumbricus terrestris L. for soil amelioration Soil Biol. Biochem. 24 1992 1321 1325
14. K.R. Butt, J. Fredrickson, and R.M. Morris The life cycle of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris in laboratory culture Eur. J. Soil Biol. 30 1994 49 54
15. K.R. Butt, J. Fredrickson, and R.M. Morris An earthworm cultivation and soil inoculation technique for land restoration Ecol. Eng. 4 1995 1 9
16. S.M.F. Cook, and D.R. Linden Effect of feed type and placement on earthworm (Aporrectodea tuberculata) burrowing and soil turnover Biol. Fertil. Soils 21 1996 201 206
17. P.R. Dalby, G.H. Baker, and S.E. Smith "Filter paper method" to remove soil form earthworm intestines and to standardise the water content of earthworm tissue Soil Biol. Biochem. 28 1996 685 687
18. O. Daniel Leaf-litter consumption and assimilation by juveniles of Lumbricus terrestris L. (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) under different environmental conditions Biol. Fertil. Soils 12 1991 202 208
19. O. Daniel, L. Kohli, and M. Bieri Weight gain and weight loss of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris at different temperatures and body weights Soil Biol. Biochem. 28 1996 1235 1240
20. P. Daugbjerg Temperature and moisture preference of three earthworm species. (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) Pedobiologia 32 1988 57 64
21. B.M. Doube, O. Schmidt, K. Killham, and R. Correll Influence of mineral soil on the palatability of organic matter for Lumbricid earthworms: a simple food preference study Soil Biol. Biochem. 29 1997 569 575
22. C.A. Edwards Breakdown of animal, vegetable and industrial organic wastes by earthworms C.A. Edwards E.F. Neuhauser Earthworms in Waste and Environmental Management 1988 SPB Academic Publishing The Hague, The Netherlands 21 32
23. C. Elvira, J. Domínguez, and S. Mato The growth of Lumbricus rubellus and Dendrobaena rubida in cow manure mixed cultures with Eisenia Andrei Appl. Soil Ecol. 5 1996 97 103
24. A.C. Evans, and W.J.Mc.L. Guild Studies on the relationships between earthworms & soil fertility. IV On the life-cycles of some British Lumbricidae Ann. Appl. Biol. 35 1948 471 484
25. P.M. Fraser, M.H. Beare, R.C. Butler, T. Harrison-Kirk, and J.E. Piercy Interactions between earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa), plants and crop residues for restoring properties of a degraded arable soil Pedobiologia 47 2003 870 876
26. M.H. Garvín, D. Trigo, P. Hernández, M.P. Ruiz, and D.J. Díaz Cosín Interactions of Hormogaster elisae (Oligochaeta, Hormogastridae) with other earthworm species from Reduena (Madrid, Spain) Appl. Soil Ecol. 20 2 2002 163 169
27. G.E. Gates Contributions to North American earthworms No. 3. Toward a revision of the earthworm family Lumbricidae IV. The trapezoides species group Bull. Tall Timbers Res. Stn. 12 1972 1 146
28. M. Holmstrup Physiology of cold hardiness in cocoons of five earthworm taxa (Lumbricidae: Oligochaeta) J. Comp. Physiol. B 164 1994 222 228
29. M. Holmstrup Cocoon production of Aporrectodea longa Ude and Aporrectodea rosea Savigny (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) in a Danish grass field Soil Biol. Biochem. 31 1999 957 964
30. M. Holmstrup, I.K. Østergaard, A. Nielsin, and B.T. Hansen The relationship between temperature and cocoon incubation time for some lumbricid earthworm species Pedobiologia 35 1991 179 184
31. J. Homa, M. Niklinska, and B. Plytycz Effect of heavy metals on coelomocytes of the earthworm Allolobophora chlorotica Pedobiologia 47 2003 640 645
32. D. Jégou, S. Schrader, H. Diestel, and D. Cluzeau Morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of burrow walls formed by earthworms Appl. Soil Ecol. 17 2001 165 174
33. K.S. Jensen, and M. Holmstrup Estimation of earthworm cocoon development time and its use in studies of in situ reproduction rates Appl. Soil Ecol. 7 1997 73 82
34. J. Kostecka, and K.R. Butt Ecology of the earthworm Allolobophora carpathica in field and laboratory studies Eur. J. Soil Biol. 37 2001 255 258
35. C.J. Langdon, T.G. Piearce, A.A. Meharg, and K.T. Semple Inherited resistance to arsenate toxicity in two populations of Lumbricus rubellus Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22 2003 2344 2348
36. M. Langmaack, S. Schrader, U. Rapp-Bernhardt, and K. Kotzke Soil structure rehabilitation of arable soil degraded by compaction Geoderma 105 2002 141 152
37. K.E. Lee Earthworms: Their Ecology and Relationships with Soils and Land Use 1985 Academic Press Sydney
38. A. Lofs-Holmin Reproduction and growth of common arable land and pasture species of earthworm (Lumbricidae) in laboratory cultures Swed. J. Agric. Res. 13 1983 31 37
39. Lofs-Holmin, A., 1985. Vermiculture: present knowledge of the art of earthworm farming - a summary of recent literature. Report 20, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Ecology and Environment, Uppsala.
40. C.N. Lowe, and K.R. Butt Interspecific Interactions between earthworms: potential applications in soil amelioration Pedobiologia 43 1999 808 817
41. C.N. Lowe, and K.R. Butt Growth of hatchling earthworms in the presence of adults: Interactions in Laboratory Culture Biol. Fertil. Soils 35 2002 204 209
42. C.N. Lowe, and K.R. Butt Influence of organic matter position on earthworm production and behaviour: a laboratory-based approach with applications for soil restoration Eur. J. Soil Biol. 38 2002 173 176
43. C.N. Lowe, and K.R. Butt Influence of food particle size on inter- and intra-specific interactions of Allolobophora chlorotica (Savigny) and Lumbricus terrestris (L.) Pedobiologia 47 2003 574 577
44. Y.Y. Mosleh, S. Paris-Palacios, M. Couderchet, and G. Vernet Acute and sublethal effects of two insecticides on earthworms (Lumbricus terrrestris L.) under laboratory conditions Environ. Toxicol. 18 2003 1 8
45. V. Nuutinen, and K.R. Butt The mating behaviour of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) J. Zool. Lond. 242 1997 783 798
46. V. Nuutinen, J. Tyni-Juslin, I. Vänninen, and A. Vainio The effects of four entomopathogenic fungi and an entomoparasitic nematode on the hatching of earthworm (Aporrectodea caliginosa) cocoons in laboratory J. Invert. Pathol. 38 1991 147 149
47. OECD Guidelines for the testing of chemicals. No. 207 Earthworm acute toxicity tests 1984 OECD Paris, France
48. J.E. Satchell Lumbricidae A. Burges F. Raw Soil Biology 1967 Academic Press London 259 322
49. M.J. Shipitalo, R. Protz, and A.D. Tomlin Effect of diet on the feeding and casting activity of Lumbricus terrestris and L. rubellus in laboratory culture Soil Biol. Biochem. 20 1988 233 237
50. R.W. Sims, and B.M. Gerard Synopses of the British Fauna (31) - Earthworms 1999 Linnean Society London and the Estuarine and Brackish Water Sciences Association
51. D.J. Spurgeon, and S.P. Hopkin Life-history patterns in reference and metal-exposed earthworm populations Ecotoxicology 8 1999 133 141
52. D.J. Spurgeon, J.M. Weeks, and C.A.M. van Gestel A summary of eleven years progress in earthworm ecotoxicology Pedobiologia 47 2003 588 606
53. D.J. Spurgeon, C. Svendsen, P. Kille, A.J. Morgan, and J.M. Weeks Responses of earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) to copper and cadmium as determined by measurement of juvenile traits in a specifically designed test system Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 57 2004 54 64
54. T.S. Svendsen, C. Sommer, P. Holter, and J. Grønvold Survival and growth of Lumbricus terrestris (Lumbricidae) fed on cattle dung from cattle given sustained-release boluses of ivermectin or fenbendazole Eur. J. Soil Biol. 38 2002 319 322
55. A.D. Tomlin The earthworm bait market in North America J.E. Satchell Earthworm Ecology: From Darwin to Vermiculture 1983 Chapman & Hall London 331 338
56. J.V. Valle, R.P. Moro, M.H. Garvín, D. Trigo, and D.J. Díaz Cosín Growth in the laboratory of Hormogaster elisae (Oligochaeta Hormogastridae) Appl. Soil Ecol. 9 1-3 1998 111 114
57. H.K. West, A.J. Morgan, D.W. Bowker, M.S. Davies, and R.J. Herbert Evidence of interpopulation differences in life history parameters of adult and F1 generation Lumbricus rubellus Pedobiologia 47 2003 535 541
58. L.A. Wever, T.J. Lysyk, and M.J. Clapperton The influence of soil moisture and temperature on the survival, aestivation, growth and development of juvenile Aporrectodea tuberculata (Eisen) (Lumbricidae) Pedobiologia 45 2001 121 133
59. J.K. Whalen, and R.W. Parmalee Growth of Aporrectodea tuberculata (Eisen) and Lumbricus terrrestris L. under laboratory and field conditions Pedobiologia 43 1999 1 10