Surface characteristics of spacecraft components affect the aggregation of microorganisms and may lead to different survival rates of bacteria on Mars landers

Astrobiology

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 545-559

  Schuerger, Andrew C ^a   Richards, Jeffrey T ^b   Hintze, Paul E ^c   Kern, Roger G ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

^b DYNAMAC CORPORATION   (United States)

^c KENNEDY SPACE CENTER   (United States)

^d CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Astrobiology; Mars; Planetary protection; Spacecraft materials

Indexed keywords

GRAPHITE; METAL; SILICON DIOXIDE;

ARTICLE; ASTRONOMY; BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACTERIAL SPORE; BACTERIUM ADHERENCE; BIOLOGY; CYTOLOGY; HYDROPHOBICITY; MICROCLIMATE; PHYSIOLOGY; RADIATION EXPOSURE; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SPACE FLIGHT; SURFACE PROPERTY; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACTERIAL ADHESION; EXOBIOLOGY; EXTRATERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT; GRAPHITE; HYDROPHOBICITY; MARS; METALS; MICROSCOPY, ELECTRON, SCANNING; QUARTZ; SPACE SIMULATION; SPACECRAFT; SPORES, BACTERIAL; SURFACE PROPERTIES; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS;

BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BACTERIUM SUBTILIS;

EID: 24344436713     PISSN: 15311074     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/ast.2005.5.545     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Adamson, A.W. (1990) Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 5th ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. 379-420.
2. Appelbaum, J. and Flood, D.J. (1990) Solar radiation on Mars. Solar Energy 45, 353-363.
3. Barengoltz, J.B. (1997) Microbiological cleanliness of the Mars Pathfinder spacecraft. In Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Technical Meeting Contamination Control, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Rolling Meadows, IL, pp. 242-248.
4. Cockell, C.S., Catling, D.C., Davis, W.L., Snook, K., Kepner, R.L., Lee, P., and McKay, C.P. (2000) The ultraviolet environment of Mars: Biological implications past, present, and future. Icarus 146, 343-359.
5. Dillon, R.T., Gavin, W.R., Roark, A.L., and Trauth, C.A. (1973) Estimating the number of terrestrial organisms on the Moon. Space Life Sci. 4, 180-199.
6. Foster, T.L., Winans, L., Casey, R.C., and Kirschner, L.E. (1978) Response of terrestrial microorganisms to a simulated Martian environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35, 730-737.
7. Fulton, J.D. (1960) Survival of terrestrial microorganisms under simulated martian conditions. In Physics & Medicine of the Atmosphere and Space, edited by O.O. Benson and H. Strughold, Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 606-613.
8. Green, R.H., Taylor, D.M., Gustan, E.A., Fraser, S.J., and Olson, R.L. (1971) Survival of microorganisms in a simulated Martian environment. Space Life Sci. 3, 12-24.
9. Hagen, C.A., Hawrylewicz, E.J., and Ehrlich, R. (1964) Survival of microorganisms in a simulated Martian environment: I. Bacillus subtilis var. globigii. Appl. Microbiol. 12, 215-218.
10. Hagen, C.A., Hawrylewicz, E.J., and Ehrlich, R. (1967) Survival of microorganisms in a simulated Martian environment: II. Moisture and oxygen requirements for germination of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores. Appl. Microbiol. 15, 285-291.
11. Hagen, C.A., Godfrey, J.F., and Green, R.H. (1971) The effect of temperature on the survival of microorganisms in a deep space vacuum. Space Life Sci. 3, 108-117.
12. Hawrylewicz, E.J., Hagen, C.A., and Ehrlich, R. (1964) Response of microorganisms to a simulated Martian environment. Life Sci. Space Res. 3, 64-73.
13. Imshenetsky, A.A., Abyzov, S.S., Voronov, G.T., Kuzjurina, L.A., Lysenko, S.V., Sotnikov, G.G., and Fedorova, R.I. (1967) Exobiology and the effect of physical factors on microorganisms. Life Sci. Space Res. 5, 250-260.
14. Imshenetsky, A.A., Kouzyurina, L.A., and Jakshina, V.M. (1973) On the multiplication of xerophilic microorganisms under simulated Martian conditions. Life Sci. Space Res. 11, 63-66.
15. Koch, A.L. (1994) Growth measurement. In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, edited by P. Gehardt, ASM Press, Washington, DC, pp. 248-277.
16. Koike, J., Hori, T., Katahira, Y., Koike, K.A., Tanaka, K.L., Kobayashi, K., and Kawasaki, Y. (1996) Fundamental studies concerning planetary quarantine in space. Adv. Space Res. 18, 339-344.
17. Kuhn, W.R. and Atreya, S.K. (1979) Solar radiation incident on the Martian surface. J. Mol. Evol. 14, 57-64.
18. La Duc, M.T., Nicholson, W., Kern, R., and Venkateswaran, K. (2003) Microbial characterization of the Mars Odyssey spacecraft and its encapsulation facility. Environ. Microbiol. 5, 977-985.
19. La Duc, M.T., Kern, R., and Venkateswaran, K. (2004) Microbial monitoring of spacecraft and associated environments. Microb. Ecol. 47, 150-158.
20. Mancinelli, R.L. and Klovstad, M. (2000) Martian soil and UV radiation: Microbial viability assessment on spacecraft surfaces. Planet. Space Sci. 48, 1093-1097.
21. Packer, E., Scher, S., and Sagan, C. (1963) Biological contamination of Mars II. Cold and aridity as constraints on the survival of terrestrial microorganisms in simulated Martian environments. Icarus 2, 293-316.
22. Patel, M.R., Zarnecki, J.C., and Calling, D.C. (2002) Ultraviolet radiation on the surface of Mars and the Beagle 2 UV sensor. Planet. Space Sci. 50, 915-927.
23. Puleo, J.R., Oxborrow, G.S., Fields, N.D., Herring, C.M., and Smith, L.S. (1973) Microbiological profiles of four Apollo spacecraft. Appl. Microbiol. 26, 838-845.
24. Puleo, J.R., Fields, N.D., Bergstrom, S.L., Oxborrow, G.S., Stabekis, P.D., and Koukol, R.C. (1977) Microbiological profiles of the Viking spacecraft. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33, 379-384.
25. Roberts, T.L. and Wayne, E.S. (1962) Studies with a Simulated Martian Environment: Bacterial Survival and Soil Moisture Content, Publication AD291217, School of Aerospace Medicine, Brooks AFB, TX
26. Scher, S., Packer, E., and Sagan, C. (1964) Biological contamination of Mars: I. Survival of terrestrial microorganisms in simulated martian environments. Life Sci. Space Res. 2, 352-356.
27. Schuerger, A.C. (2004) Microbial ecology of the surface exploration of Mars with human-operated vehicles. In Martian Expedition Planning, edited by C.S. Cockell, AAS Publication 03-322, Univelt Publishers, Escondido, CA., pp. 363-386.
28. Schuerger, A.C. and Kern, R.G. (2004) Hydrophobic surfaces of spacecraft components enhance the aggregation of microorganisms and may lead to higher survival rates of bacteria on Mars. In 35th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference Abstracts, LPI Contribution No. 1139, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX
29. Schuerger, A.C., Mancinelli, R.L., Kern, R.G., Rothschild, L.J., and McKay, C.P. (2003) Survival of endospores of Bacillus subtilis on spacecraft surfaces under simulated Martian environments: Implications for the forward contamination of Mars. Icarus 165, 253-276.
30. Schuerger, A.C., Richards, J.T., Newcombe, D.A., and Venkateswaran, K.J. (2004) Survival of seven Bacillus spp. under simulated Mars UV irradiation suggests minimum forward contamination around landing sites [abstract]. Int. J. Astrobiol. Suppl. 1, 77.
31. Venkateswaran, K., Satomi, M., Chung, S., Kern, R., Koukol, R., Basic, C., and White, D. (2001) Molecular microbial diversity of a spacecraft assembly facility. System. Appl. Microbiol. 24, 311-320.
32. Venkateswaran, K., Hattori, N., La Duc, M.T., and Kern, R. (2003) ATP as a biomarker of viable microoganisms in clean-room facilities. J. Microbiol. Methods 52, 367-377.
33. Young, R.S., Deal, P.H., Bell, J.F. III, and Allen, J.L. (1964) Bacteria under simulated Martian conditions. Life Sci. Space Res. 2, 105-111.