China's eurasian experiment

Survival

Volumn 46, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 109-121

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EID: 24144497207     PISSN: 00396338     EISSN: 14682699     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/survival/46.2.109     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Halford John Mackinder, Democratic Ideals and Reality, (London: Constable and Company, 1919).
2. See Oswyn Murray, Early Greece, Sussex, 1980; Moses Finley, The Use and Abuse of History, London, 1980
3. Ancient History: Evidence and Models, London, 1986
4. P. Culham and L. Edmunds (eds), Classics: A Discipline and Profession in Crisis, New York and London, 1989.
5. See also Charles Freeman's brilliant summary of the recent scholarship on this issue in Egypt, Greece and Rome, Chapter 1, Oxford, 1996.
6. Robert Skidelsky made a trenchant argument, pointing out that the concept of 'democracy' was responsible for mass murders as well in the twentieth century. See Skidelsky, 'The Killing Fields', New Statesman, 17 November 2003, pp. 18-22.
7. Oswald Spengler captured the gist of this concept in his book, The Decline of the West (New York: Knopf, 1934).
8. For an analysis of the EU's Common Strategy towards Russia, see Heinig Timmermann,'Euro-Russian Partnership', European Foreign Policy Review, October 2000.
9. For the first analysis on the significance of the EU Common Strategy towards Russia in China, see Lanxin Xiang,The EU-Russian. Relations After the Cold War, journal of Russian Studies (in Chinese), vol.1, 2000, Shanghai, pp. 1-15.
10. For all EU statements on China, see http://europa.eu.int/comm/ extemaLrelations/china/intro/doc.htm, in particular: 'A Maturing Partnership: Shared interest and challenges in EU-China relations, COM (03) 533, Brussels, 10 September 2003; Country Strategy Paper 2002-2006, 1 March 2002;
11. 'EU Strategy towards China: Implementation of the 1998 Communication and Future Steps for a more effective EU Policy', COM (2001) 265, Brussels, 15 May 2001
12. 'Building a Comprehensive Partnership with China', COM (1998) 181 final, Brussels, 25 March 1998.
13. According to Romano Prodi, the President of the EU Commission, the EU is China's third trade partner and second largest investor: 'EU exports to China rose in 2003 by around 40% compared with 2002. The EU now provides China with 16% of its total imports and we are gaining market share. European investment in China has also increased dramatically, and actual investment by European companies is now only marginally lower than that of US companies'. See Speech by Romano Prodi, China- Europe Business School, 15 April, 2004, Shanghai. http://europa.eu.int/comm/ extemal-relations/china/intro/speech04-178.htm.
14. While the EU did not adopt a Common Strategy approach, as this author would have hoped, its recent joint statement on China is a significant step. For an earlier analysis on this subject, see Lanxin Xiang, 'China and the EU: A Common Strategy for China?', The International Spectator, November 2001, Rome.
15. For the EU joint statement, see 'A Maturing Partnership: Shared interest and challenges in EU-China relations, COM (03) 533, Brussels, 10 September 2003, http://europa.eu.int/comrn/extemal-relations/china/intro/ doc.htm.
16. For China's response, see 'China's EU Policy', 13 October 2003, Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs website, www.fmprc.gov.cn.
17. For an interesting discussion, see Christopher Patten, 'How Not to Spread Democracy?, Foreign Policy, September/October 2003.
18. These two doctrines were largely responsible for the Chinese Communist Party's victory over the Nationalists (the Kuomingtang) before 1949.
19. For an earlier analysis, see Lanxin Xiang,'Washington's Misguided China Policy', Survival, vol. 43, no.3, August 2001, pp.7-23.
20. The Strategic Asia Program at The National Bureau of Asian Research is a major ongoing research initiative that draws together top Asia studies specialists and international relations experts to assess the changing strategic environment in the Asia Pacific. For its most recent annual report, see Strategic Asia 2003-2004, Fragility and Crisis (Seattle, WA: National Bureau of Asian Research, 2004).
21. A recent such exercise is done by Bruce Gilley in his book, China's Democratic Future - How will it happen and when it will lead, (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004).
22. For a fascinating study of Chinese language and political thought, see David Hall and Roger Ames, Democracy of the Dead, Dewey, Confucius and the hopefor democracy in China, (Chicago: Open Court, 1999).
23. For an earlier analysis, see Lanxin Xiang,'Washington's Misguided China Policy'.
24. Hu Jintao, speech at the French National Assembly, text in People's Daily, 27 January 2004.
25. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Culture and Value, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980) p. 3.