Prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors in a rural black population of South Africa

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 347-354

  Alberts, Marianne ^a   Urdal, Petter ^b   Steyn, Krisela ^c   Stensvold, Inger ^d   Tverdal, Aage ^e   Nel, Johanna H ^f   Steyn, Nelia P ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO   (South Africa)

^b ULLEVÅL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Norway)

^c SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL   (South Africa)

^d Helsetilsynet i Oslo og Akershus   (Norway)

^e NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Norway)

^f STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

chronic diseases; cross sectional studies; diabetes mellitus; ethnicity; hyperlipidaemia; hypertension; obesity; risk factors; rural population; tobacco

Indexed keywords

HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

ADULT; AGED; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MALE; NEGRO; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RURAL POPULATION; SOUTH AFRICA; TOBACCO; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE;

ADULT; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; AGE FACTORS; AGED; ALANINE TRANSAMINASE; ALCOHOL DRINKING; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY WEIGHT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; RURAL POPULATION; SEX FACTORS; SMOKING; SOUTH AFRICA;

EID: 23944492882     PISSN: 20474873     EISSN: 20474881     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000174792.24188.8e     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. World Health Organization. Consultation on indicators and strategies for iron deficiency and anaemia programmes. Report of the WHO/UNICEF/UNU. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1994.
2. Yach D, Hawkes C, Gould CL, Hofman KJ. The global burden of chronic diseases: overcoming impediments to prevention and control. JAMA 2004; 291: 2616–2622.
3. Beaglehole R. Global cardiovascular disease prevention: time to get serious. Lancet 2001; 358: 661–663.
4. Oelofse A, Jooste PL, Steyn K, Badenhorst CJ, Lombard C, Bourne L, Fourie J. The lipid and lipoprotein profile of the urban black South Africa population of the Cape Peninsula — the BRISK study. S Afr Med J 1996; 86: 162–166.
5. Seftel HC, Johnson S, Muller EA. Distribution and biosocial correlations of blood pressure levels in Johannesburg blacks. S Afr Med J 1980; 57: 313–320.
6. Steyn K, Jooste PL, Bourne L, Fourie J, Badenhorst CJ, Bourne DE, et al. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in the black population of the Cape Peninsula. The BRISK study. S Afr Med J 1991; 79: 480–485. Erratum in: S Afr Med J 1996; 86: 572.
7. Zimmet P. Globalization, coca-colonization and the chronic disease epidemic: can the Doomsday scenario be averted? J Intern Med 2000; 247: 301–310.
8. Health Promotion Action Group. Dikgale demographic study: Phase 1. Sovenga: University of the North; 1995.
9. Alberts M, Burger S, Tollman SM. The Dikgale field site [Letter]. S Afr Med J 1999; 89: 851–852.
10. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation on Obesity. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1998.
11. Seidel JC, Oosterlee A, Deurenberg P, Haurvast JGAJ, Ruis JHJ. Abdominal fat depots measured with computed tomography. Eur J Clin Nutr 1988; 42: 805–815.
12. Lemieix S, Prud'homme D, Bouchard C, Tremblay A, Depres J-P. A single threshold value of waist girth identifies normal weight and overweight subjects with excess visceral adipose tissue. Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 64: 685–693.
13. Hypertension Society of Southern Africa, endorsed by the Medical Association of South Africa and the Medical Research Council. Guidelines for the management of hypertension at primary health care level. S Afr Med J 1995; 85: 1321–1325.
14. Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 1183–1197.
15. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972; 18: 499–502.
16. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of The Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001; 285: 2486–2497.
17. Whitfield JB, Hensley WJ, Bryden D, Gallagher H. Some laboratory correlates of drinking habits. Ann Clin Biochem 1978; 15: 297–303.
18. Tietz NW (editor): Clinical guide to laboratory tests, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, USA: Saunders; 1990.
19. Anderson KM, Odell PM, Wilson PWF, Kannel WB. Cardiovascular disease risk profiles. Am Heart J 1991; 121: 293–298.
20. Doll R, Smith PG. Comparison between registries: age-standardized rates. In: Waterhouse J, Muir C, Shanmugaratnam K, Powell J (editors): Cancer incidence in five continents, Vol. IV. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 1982. pp. 671–674.
21. Mollentze WF, Moore AJ, Steyn AF, Joubert G, Steyn K, Oosthuizen GM, Weich DJ. Coronary heart disease risk factors in a rural and urban Orange Free State black population. S Afr Med J 1995; 85: 90–96.
22. Joffe BI, Seftel HC. Diabetes mellitus in the black communities of southern Africa. J Intern Med 1994; 235: 137–142.
23. Omar MA, Seedat MA, Motala AA, Dyer RB, Becker P. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in a group of urban South African blacks. S Afr Med J 1993; 83: 641–643.
24. Levitt NS, Unwin NC, Bradshaw D, Kitange HM, Mbanya J-CN, Mollentze WF, et al. Application of the new ADA criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes to population studies in sub-Saharan Africa. American Diabetes Association. Diabet Med 2000; 17: 381–385.
25. Levitt NS, Katzenellenbogen JM, Bradshaw D, Hoffman MN, Bonnici F. The prevalence and identification of risk factors for NIDDM in urban Africans in Cape Town, South Africa. Diabetes Care 1993; 16: 601–607.
26. Steyn K, Bradshaw D, Norman R, Laubscher R, Saloojee Y. Tobacco use in South Africans during 1998: the first demographic and health survey. J Cardiovasc Risk 2002; 9: 161–170. Erratum in: J Cardiovasc Risk 2002; 9: inside back cover.
27. Steyn K, Gaziano TA, Bradshaw D, Laubscher R, Fourie J, and the South African Demographic and Health Coordinating Team. Hypertension in South African adults: results from the Demographic and Health Survey, 1998. J Hypertens 2001; 19: 1717–1725.
28. Donahue RP, Abbott RD, Bloom E, Reed DM, Yano K. Central obesity and coronary heart disease in men. Lancet 1987; 1: 821–824.
29. Despres JP. The insulin resistance—dyslipidemic syndrome of visceral obesity: effect on patients' risk. Obes Res 1998; 6 (Suppl. 1): 8S–17S.
30. Larsson B, Svardsudd K, Welin L, Wilhelmsen L, Bjorntorp P, Tibblin G. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity, and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in 1913. BMJ 1984; 288: 1401–1404.
31. Steyn NP, Burger S, Monyeki KD, Alberts M, Nthangeni G. Seasonal variation in dietary intake of the adult population of Dikgale. S Afr J Clin Nutr 2001; 14: 140–145.