Pelvic organ prolapse

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 106, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 615-634

  Weber, Anne M ^a   Richter, Holly E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BISACODYL; ENEMA; ESTRADIOL; ESTROGEN; LAXATIVE; MACROGOL;

ADJUVANT THERAPY; AGING; BLADDER FUNCTION; COLPOCLEISIS; COLPOPEXY; COLPOSCOPY; COLPOSUSPENSION; CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT; CONTINUING EDUCATION; DEFECOGRAPHY; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; DISEASE SEVERITY; ENTEROCELE; ESTROGEN THERAPY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; GYNECOLOGIC SURGERY; HUMAN; HYSTERECTOMY; LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE; PELVIS FLOOR; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; STRESS INCONTINENCE; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TREATMENT INDICATION; URINE INCONTINENCE; UTERUS PROLAPSE; VAGINA ATROPHY; VAGINA PESSARY;

EID: 23944485920     PISSN: 00297844     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000175832.13266.bb     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. U.S. Census Bureau. U.S. interim projections by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin. Available at: http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/usinterimproj. Retrieved June 28, 2005.
2. Luber KM, Boero S, Choe JY. The demographics of pelvic floor disorders: current observations and future projections. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:1496-1503.
3. Olsen AL, Smith VJ, Bergstrom JO, Colling JC, Clark AL. Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89:501-6.
4. Boyles SH, Weber AM, Meyn L. Procedures for pelvic organ prolapse in the United States, 1979-1997. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:108-15.
5. Subak LL, Waetjen LE, van den Eeden, S, Thom DH, Vittinghoff E, Brown JS. Cost of pelvic organ prolapse surgery in the United States. Obstet Gynecol 2001;98:646-51.
6. Swift SE. The distribution of pelvic organ support in a population of female subjects seen for routine gynecologic health care. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:277-85.
7. Hendrix SL, Clark A, Nygaard I, Aragaki A, Barnabei V, McTiernan A. Pelvic organ prolapse in the Women's Health Initiative: gravity and gravidity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186:1160-6.
8. Handa VL, Garrett E, Hendrix S, et al. Progression and remission of pelvic organ prolapse: a longitudinal study of menopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:27-32.
9. Bump RC, Norton PA. Epidemiology and natural history of pelvic floor dysfunction. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 1998;25:723-46.
10. Mant J, Painter R, Vessey M. Epidemiology of genital prolapse: observations from the Oxford Family Planning Association Study. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;104:579-85.
11. Ellerkmann RM, Cundiff GW, Melick CF, Nihira MA, Leffler K, Bent AE. Correlation of symptoms with location and severity of pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:1332-8.
12. Heit M, Culligan P, Rosenquist C, Shott S. Is pelvic organ prolapse a cause of pelvic or low back pain? Obstet Gynecol 2002;99:23-8.
13. Bump RC, Fand JA, Hurt WG. The mechanism of urinary continence in women with severe uterovaginal prolapse: results of barrier studies. Obstet Gynecol 1988;72:291-5.
14. Romanzi LJ, Chaikin DC, Blaivas JG. The effect of genital prolapse on voiding. J Urol 1999;161:581-6.
15. Handa VL, Harvey L, Cundiff GW, Siddique SA, Kjerulff KH. Sexual function among women with urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191:751-6.
16. Weber AM, Walters MD, Piedmonte MR. Sexual function and vaginal anatomy in women before and after surgery for pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1610-5.
17. Bump RC, Mattiasson A, Bo K, Brubaker LP, DeLancey JO, Klarskov P, et al. The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:10-7.
18. Silva WA, Kleeman S, Segal J, Pauls R, Woods SE, Karram MM. Effects of a full bladder and patient positioning on pelvic organ prolapse assessment. Obstet Gynecol 2004;104:37-41.
19. Whiteside JL, Barber MD, Paraiso MF, Hugney CM, Walters MD. Clinical evaluation of anterior vaginal wall support defects: interexaminer and intraexaminer reliability. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191:100-4.
20. Brink CA, Wells TJ, Sampselle CM, Taillie ER, Mayer R. A digital test for pelvic muscle strength in women with urinary incontinence. Nurs Res 1994;43:352-6.
21. Hodroff MA, Stolpen AH, Denson MA, Bolinger L, Kreder KJ. Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the female pelvis: the relationship with the pelvic organ prolapse quantification staging system. J Urol 2002;167:1353-5.
22. Kelvin FM, Maglinte DDT, Hale DS, Benson JT. Female pelvic organ prolapse: a comparison of triphasic dynamic MR imaging and triphasic fluoroscopic cystocolpoproctography. AJR 2000;174:81-8.
23. Hagen S, Stark D, Maher C, Adams E. Conservative management of pelvic organ prolapse in women (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2004. Oxford: Update Software.
24. Adams E, Thomson A, Maher C, Hagen S. Mechanical devices for pelvic organ prolapse in women (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2004. Oxford: Update Software.
25. Maher C, Baessler K, Glazener CMA, Adams EJ, Hagen S. Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse in women (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2004. Oxford: Update Software.
26. Mouritsen L, Larsen JP. Symptoms, bother and POPQ in women referred with pelvic organ prolapse. Intl Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2003;14:122-7.
27. Burrows LJ, Meyn LA, Walters MD, Weber AM. Pelvic symptoms in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 2004;104:982-8.
28. Heit M, Rosenquist C, Culligan P, Graham C, Murphy M, Shott S. Predicting treatment choice for patients with pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 2003;101:1279-84.
29. Mimura T, Roy AJ, Storrie JB, Kamm MA. Treatment of impaired defecation associated with rectocele by behavioral retraining (biofeedback). Dis Colon Rectum 2000;43:1267-72.
30. Thakar R, Stanton S. Management of genital prolapse. BMJ 2004;324:1258-62.
31. Bo K. Pelvic floor muscle training is effective in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence, but how does it work. Int Urogyn J 2004;15:76-84.
32. Harvey MA. Pelvic floor exercises during and after pregnancy: a systematic review of their role in preventing pelvic floor dysfunction. J Obstet Gynaecol Canada 2003;25:487-498.
33. Hay-Smith EJ, Bo K, Berghmans LC, Hendriks HJ, deBie RA, van Waalwijk van Doom ES. Pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2001. Oxford: Update Software.
34. Pott-Grinstein E, Newcomer JR. Gynecologists' patterns of prescribing pessaries. J Reprod Med 2001;46:205-8.
35. Cundiff GW, Weidner AC, Visco AG, Bump RC, Addison WA. A survey of pessary use by members of the American Urogynecologic Society. Obstet Gynecol 2000;95:931-5.
36. Clemons JL, Aguilar VC, Tillinghast TA, Jackson ND, Myers DL. Risk factors associated with an unsuccessful pessary fitting trial in women with pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:345-50.
37. Clemons JL, Aguilar VC, Tillinghast TA, Jackson ND, Myers DL. Patient satisfaction and changes in prolapse and urinary symptoms in women who were fitted successfully with a pessary for pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:1025-9.
38. Brincat C, Kenton K, FitzGerald MP, Brubaker L. Sexual activity predicts continued pessary use. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191:198-200.
39. Sulak PJ, Kuehl TJ, Shull BJ. Vaginal pessaries and their use in pelvic relaxation. J Reprod Med 1993;38:919-23.
40. Walters MD, Iannetta LT. Combination of pessary and periurethral collagen injections for nonsurgical treatment of uterovaginal prolapse and genuine stress urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 1997;90:691-2.
41. Handa VL, Jones M. Do pessaries prevent the progression of pelvic organ prolapse? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2002;13:349-52.
42. Sze EH, Karram MM. Transvaginal repair of vault prolapse: a review. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89:466-75.
43. Carey MP, Dwyer PL. Genital prolapse: vaginal versus abdominal route of repair. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2001;13: 499-505.
44. Brubaker L, Bump R, Jacquetin B, Schuessler B, Weidner A, Zimmern P, Milani R. Pelvic organ prolapse. In: Abrams P, Cardozo L, Khoury S, Wein A, editors. Incontinence. 2nd International Consultation on Incontinence. 2nd ed. Plymouth (UK): Plymouth Distributors; 2002. p. 243-265.
45. Weber AM. New approaches to surgery for urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse from the laparoscopic perspective. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2003;46:44-60.
46. Walter AJ, Morse AN, Hammer RA, Hentz JG, Magrina JF, Cornella JL. Laparoscopic versus open Burch retropubic urethropexy: comparison of morbidity and costs when performed with concurrent vaginal prolapse repairs [published erratum appears in Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:274]. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;186:723-8.
47. DeLancey JO. Anatomic aspects of vaginal eversion after hysterectomy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166:1717-24.
48. Weber AM, Walters MD. Anterior vaginal prolapse: review of anatomy and techniques of surgical repair. Obstet Gynecol 1997;89:311-8.
49. Weber AM, Walters MD, Piedmonte MR, Ballard LA. Anterior colporrhaphy: a randomized trial of three surgical techniques. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;185:1299-1306.
50. Sand PK, Koduri A, Lobel RW, Winkler HA, Tomezsko J, Culligan PJ, et al. Prospective randomized trial of polyglactin 910 mesh to prevent recurrence of cystoceles and rectoceles. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:1357-64.
51. Richardson AC, Lyon JB, Williams NL. A new look at pelvic relaxation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1976;126:568-73.
52. Shull BL, Benn SJ, Kuehl TJ. Surgical management of prolapse of the anterior vaginal segment: An analysis of support defects, operative morbidity, and anatomic outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;171:1429-39.
53. Paraiso MF, Weber AM, Walters MD, Ballard LA, Piedmonte MR, Skibinski C. Anatomic and functional outcome after posterior colporrhaphy. J Pelv Surg 2001;7:335-9.
54. Cundiff GW, Fenner D. Evaluation and treatment of women with rectocele: focus on associated defecatory and sexual dysfunction [published erratum appears in Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:222]. Obstet Gynecol 2004;104:1403-21.
55. Richardson AC. The anatomic defects in rectocele and enterocele. J Pelv Surg 1995;1:214-21.
56. Cundiff GW, Weidner AC, Visco AG, Addison, WA, Bump RC. An anatomic and functional assessment of the discrete defect rectocele repair. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179: 1451-7.
57. Singh K, Cortes E, Reid WM. Evaluation of the fascial technique for surgical repair of isolated posterior vaginal wall prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 2003;101:320-4.
58. Abramov Y, Gandhi S, Goldberg RP, Botros SM, Kwon C, Sand PK. Site-specific rectocele repair compared with standard posterior colporrhaphy. Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:314-8.
59. Nichols DH, Randalls CL. Vaginal surgery. 3rd ed. Baltimore (MD): Williams and Wilkins; 1989. p. 313-27.
60. Shull BL, Capen CV, Riggs MW, Kuehl TJ. Preoperative and postoperative analysis of site-specific pelvic support defects in 81 women treated with sacrospinous ligament suspension and pelvic reconstruction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166: 1764-71.
61. Smilen SW, Saini J, Wallach SJ, Porges RF. The risk of cystocele after sacrospinous ligament fixation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;179:1465-72.
62. Inmon WB. Pelvic relaxation and repair including prolapse of the vagina following vaginal hysterectomy. South Med J 1963;56:577-2.
63. Meeks GR, Washburne JF, McGehee RP, Wiser WL. Repair of vaginal vault prolapse by suspension of the vagina to the iliococcygeus (prespinous) fascia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 171:1444-54.
64. Shull BL, Capen CV, Riggs MW, Kuehl TJ. Bilateral attachment of the vaginal cuff to iliococcygeus fascia: An effective method of cuff suspension. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;168: 1669-77.
65. Maher CF, Murray CJ, Carey MP, Dwyer PL, Ugoni AM. Iliococcygeus or sacrospinous fixation for vaginal vault prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 2001;98:40-4.
66. McCall ML. Posterior culdeplasty: surgical correction of enterocele during vaginal hysterectomy: a preliminary report. Obstet Gynecol 1957;10:595-602.
67. Shull BL, Bachofen C, Coates KW, Kuehl TJ. A transvaginal approach to repair of apical and other associated sites of pelvic organ prolapse with uterosacral ligaments. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183:1365-73.
68. Barber MD, Visco AG, Weidner AC, Amundsen CL, Bump RC. Bilateral uterosacral ligament vaginal vault suspension with site specific endopelvic fascia defect repair for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;183: 1402-11.
69. Addison WA, Bump RC, Cundiff GW, Harris RL. Sacral colpopexy is the preferred treatment for vaginal vault prolapse. J Gynecol Tech 1996;2:69-74.
70. Nygaard IE, McCreery R, Brubaker L, Connolly AM, Cundiff G, Weber AM, et alfor the Pelvic Floor Disorders Network. Abdominal sacrocolpopexy: a comprehensive review. Obstet Gynecol 2004;104:805-23.
71. Cundiff GW, Harris RL, Coates K, Low VH, Bump RC, Addison WA. Abdominal sacral colpoperineopexy: a new approach for correction of posterior compartment defects and perineal descent associated with vaginal vault prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997;177:1345-55.
72. Visco AG, Weidner AC, Barber MD, Myers ER, Cundiff GW, Bump RC, et al. Vaginal mesh erosion after abdominal sacral colpopexy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:297-302.
73. Paraiso MF, Walters MD, Rackley RR, Melek S, Hugney C. Laparoscopic and abdominal sacral colpopexies: a comparative cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;192:1752-8.
74. Benson JT, Lucente V, McClellan E. Vaginal versus abdominal reconstructive surgery for the treatment of pelvic support defects: a prospective randomized study with long-term outcome evaluation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:1418-32.
75. Lo TS, Wang AC. Abdominal colposacropexy and sacrospinous ligament suspension for severe uterovaginal prolapse: a comparison. J Gynecol Surgery 1998;14:59-64.
76. Roovers JP, van der Vaart CH, van der Bom, JG, van Leeuwen, JHS, Scholten PC, Heintz APM. A randomized controlled trial comparing abdominal and vaginal prolapse surgery: effects for urogenital function. BJOG 2004;111:50-6.
77. Maher CF, Qatawneh AM, Dwyer PL, Carey MP, Cornish A, Schluter PJ. Abdominal sacral colpopexy or vaginal sacrospinous colpopexy for vaginal vault prolapse: a prospective randomized study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:20-6.
78. Whiteside JL, Weber AM, Meyn L, Walters MD. Risk factors for prolapse recurrence after vaginal repair. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;191:1533-8.
79. von Pechmann WS, Mutone M, Fyffe J, Hale DS. Total colpocleisis with high levator plication for the treatment of advanced pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 189:121-6.
80. Hoffman MS, Cardosi RJ, Lockhart J, Hall DC, Murphy SJ. Vaginectomy with pelvic herniorrhaphy for prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:364-71.
81. FitzGerald MP, Brubaker L. Colpocleisis and urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:1241-4.
82. Bergman A, Koonings PP, Ballard CA. Predicting postoperative urinary incontinence in women undergoing operation for genitourinary prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;158: 1171-5.
83. Borstad E, Rud T. The risk of developing urinary stress incontinence after vaginal repair in continent women: a clinical and urodynamic follow-up study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1989;68:545-9.
84. Karram MM. What is the optimal anti-incontinence procedure in women with advanced prolapse and "potential" stress incontinence? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 1999; 10:1-2.
85. Groutz A, Gold R, Pauzner D, Lessing JB, Gordon D. Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) for the treatment of occult stress urinary incontinence in women undergoing prolapse repair: A prospective study of 100 consecutive cases. Neurourol Urodyn 2004;23:632-5.
86. Liang CC, Chang YL, Chang SD, Lo TS, Soong YK. Pessary test to predict postoperative urinary incontinence in women undergoing hysterectomy for prolapse. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 104:795-800.
87. Meschia M, Pifarotti P, Spennacchio M, Buonaguidi A, Gattei U, Somigliana E. A randomized comparison of tension-free vaginal tape and endopelvic fascia plication in women with genital prolapse and occult stress urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004;190:009-13.
88. Brubaker L, Cundiff G, Fine P, Nygaard I, Richter H, Visco A, et al. A randomized trial of colpopexy and urinary reduction efforts (CARE): design and methods. Control Clin Trials 2003;24:629-42.
89. Birch C, Fynes MM. The role of synthetic and biological prostheses in reconstructive pelvic floor surgery. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2002;14:527-35.
90. Cosson M, Debodinance P, Boukerrou M, Chauvet MP, Lobry P, Crepin G, et al. Mechanical properties of synthetic implants used in the repair of prolapse and urinary incontinence in women: which is the ideal material? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2003;14:169-78.
91. Walters MD. The use and misuse of prosthetic materials in reconstructive pelvic surgery: does the evidence support our surgical practice? Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 2003;14:365-6.