Sympathetically maintained pain and dystonia blocked by systemic but not regional intravenous phentolamine

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation

Volumn 18, Issue 1-2, 2005, Pages 1-4

  Rocco, Angelo G ^a,b   Raymond, Stephen A ^b,c  

^a HARVARD VANGUARD MEDICAL ASSOCIATES   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c PHT Corporation   (United States)

Author keywords

CRPS; Dystonia; Neuropathy; Pain; Sympathetically maintained pain

Indexed keywords

BACLOFEN; BUPIVACAINE; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT; MIDAZOLAM; MORPHINE; OPIATE; PHENTOLAMINE;

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; ADULT; ALLODYNIA; ANALGESIA; ARTICLE; BURN; CASE REPORT; COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME TYPE I; DRUG EFFICACY; DYSTONIA; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HYPERALGESIA; LEG CRAMP; LUMBAR SYMPATHECTOMY; LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS; NERVE CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPINAL GANGLION; SYMPATHETIC BLOCKING;

EID: 23844486686     PISSN: 10538127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/BMR-2005-181-201     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. S. Arner, Intravenous phentolamine test: Diagnostic and prognostic use in reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Pain 46 (1991), 17-22.
2. R. Baron, H. Blumberg and W. Janig, Clinical characteristics of patients with complex regional pain syndrome in Germany with special emphasis on vasomotor function, in: Reflex Sympathetic Dystropy: A Reappraisal, Progress in Pain Research and Management (Vol. 6.), W. Janig and M. Stanton-Hicks, eds, IASP Press, Seattle, 1996, pp. 25-48.
3. K.P. Bhatia, M.H. Bhatt and C.D. Marsden, The causalgia-dystonia syndrome, Brain 116 (1993), 843-851.
4. J. Bonica, Causalgia and other reflex sympathetic dystrophies, in: The Management of Pain, J.Bonica, ed., Lea&Febinger, Philadelphia, 1990, pp. 220-243.
5. K.C. Bradley, Observations on the surgical anatomy of the thoraco-lumbar sympathetic system, Aust N Z J Surg 20 (1951), 272-277.
6. J.N. Campbell, S.N. Raja, R.A. Meyer et al., Myelinated afferents signal the hyperalgesia associated with nerve injury, Pain 32 (1988), 89-94.
7. J.N. Campbell, R.A. Meyer and S.N. Raja, Is nociceptor activation by alpha-1 adrenoreceptors the culprit in sympathetically maintained pain?, Am Pain Soc J 1 (1992), 3-11.
8. G. Deuschl, H, Blumberg and C.H. Lucking, Tremor in reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Arch Neurol 48 (1991), 1247-1252.
9. M. Devor, Nerve pathophysiology and mechanisms of pain in causalgia, Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 7 (1983), 371-384.
10. M. Devor, W. Janig and M. Michaelis, Modulation of activity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons by sympathetic activation in nerve-injured rats, Journal of Neurophysiology 71 (1994), 38-47.
11. M. Devor and Z. Seltzer, Pathophysiology of damaged nerves in relation to chronic pain, in: Textbook of Pain, (4th edition), P.D. Wall and R. Melzack, eds, Churchill Livingstone, London, 1999, pp. 129-164.
12. J. Doupe, C.H. Cullen and G.Q. Chance, Post traumatic pain and the causalgic syndrome, J Neurol Neurosurg 7 (1944), 33-48.
13. P.D. Drummond, Mechanism of complex regional pain syndrome: No longer excessive sympathetic outflow?, Lancet 358 (2001), 168-170.
14. E. Edwards, Operative anatomy of the lumbar sympathetic chain, Angiology 2 (1951), 184-198.
15. J.G. Hannington-Kiff, Intravenous regional sympathetic block with guanethidine, Lancet 1 (1974), 1019-1020.
16. R.N. Harden, R. Baron and W. Janig, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, IASP Press, Seattle, 2001, p. 338.
17. E. McLachlan, W. Janig, M. Devor et al., Peripheral nerve injury triggers noradrenergic sprouting within dorsal root ganglia, Nature, 363 (1993), 543-546.
18. M. Michaelis, X.-G. Liu and W. Janig, Axotomized and intact muscle afferents but no skin afferents develop ongoing discharges of dorsal root ganglion origin following peripheral nerve lesion, J Neurosci 20 (2000), 2742-2748.
19. S.N. Raja, R.-D. Treede, K. Davis et al., Systemic alpha-adrenergic blockade with phentolamine: A diagnostic test for sympathetically maintained pain, Anesthesiology 74 (1991), 691-698.
20. A.G. Rocco, A.F. Kaul, R.M. Reisman et al., A comparison of regional intravenous quanethidine and reserpine in reflex sympathetic dystrophy: A controlled randomized, double-blind crossover study, Clin J Pain 5 (1989), 205-209.
21. A.G. Rocco, Radiofrequency lumbar sympatholysis: The evolution of a technique for managing sympathetically maintained pain, Regional Anesthesia 20 (1995), 3-12.
22. A.G. Rocco, D. Palombi and D. Raeke, Anatomy of the lumbar sympathetic chain, Regional Anesthesia 20 (1995), 13-19.
23. J. Sato and E. Perl, Adrenergic excitation of cutaneous pain receptors induced by peripheral nerve injury, Science 251 (1991), 1608-1610.
24. R.J. Schwartzman and J. Kerrigan, The movement disorder of reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Neurology 40 (1990), 57-61.
25. V. Shinder, R. Govrin-Lippmann, S. Cohen et al., Structural basis of sympathetic-sensory coupling in rat and human dorsal root ganglia following peripheral nerve injury, J Neurocytol 28 (1999), 743-761.
26. E. Torebjork, L.K. Wahren, G. Wallin et al., Noradrenaline-evoked pain in neuralgia, Pain 63 (1995), 11-20.