메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 567, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 323-336

Representation of facial muscles in human motor cortex

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AMPLITUDE MODULATION; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EVOKED MUSCLE RESPONSE; EYELID REFLEX; FACE MUSCLE; FACILITATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LATENT PERIOD; MALE; MOTOR CORTEX; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; NORMAL HUMAN; ORBICULARIS OCULI MUSCLE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REST; SCALP; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; VOLUNTEER; ARM MUSCLE; BLINKING; CORTICAL INHIBITION; HAND; INTRACORTICAL FACILITATION; LONG INTERVAL INTRACORTICAL INHIBITION; NERVE CELL NETWORK; NERVOUS SYSTEM PARAMETERS; PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX; SHORT INTERVAL INTRACORTICAL INHIBITION; TRIANGULARIS MUSCLE;

EID: 23844445431     PISSN: 00223751     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2005.088542     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (70)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0023761096 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human brain: Responses in muscles supplied by cranial nerves
    • Benecke R, Meyer BU, Schonle P & Conrad B (1988). Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human brain: responses in muscles supplied by cranial nerves. Exp Brain Res 71, 623-632.
    • (1988) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.71 , pp. 623-632
    • Benecke, R.1    Meyer, B.U.2    Schonle, P.3    Conrad, B.4
  • 4
    • 0026785550 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic brain stimulation: The silent period after the motor evoked potential
    • Cantello R, Gianelli M, Civardi C & Mutani R (1992). Magnetic brain stimulation: the silent period after the motor evoked potential. Neurology 42, 1951-1959.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1951-1959
    • Cantello, R.1    Gianelli, M.2    Civardi, C.3    Mutani, R.4
  • 5
    • 0034569394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies of human motor physiology with transcranial magnetic stimulation
    • Chen R (2000). Studies of human motor physiology with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Muscle Nerve Suppl 9, S26-S32.
    • (2000) Muscle Nerve Suppl. , vol.9
    • Chen, R.1
  • 6
    • 0032869111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of the silent period following transcranial magnetic stimulation. Evidence from epidural recordings
    • Chen R, Lozano AM & Ashby P (1999). Mechanism of the silent period following transcranial magnetic stimulation. Evidence from epidural recordings. Exp Brain Res 128, 539-542.
    • (1999) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.128 , pp. 539-542
    • Chen, R.1    Lozano, A.M.2    Ashby, P.3
  • 8
    • 0030691109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired inhibition in writer's cramp during voluntary muscle activation
    • Chen R, Wassermann EM, Canos M & Hallett M (1997). Impaired inhibition in writer's cramp during voluntary muscle activation. Neurology 49, 1054-1059.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.49 , pp. 1054-1059
    • Chen, R.1    Wassermann, E.M.2    Canos, M.3    Hallett, M.4
  • 10
    • 0025115510 scopus 로고
    • Corticobulbar projections to upper and lower facial motoneurons. A study by magnetic transcranial stimulation in man
    • Cruccu G, Berardelli A, Inghilleri M & Manfredi M (1990a). Corticobulbar projections to upper and lower facial motoneurons. A study by magnetic transcranial stimulation in man. Neurosci Lett 117, 68-73.
    • (1990) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.117 , pp. 68-73
    • Cruccu, G.1    Berardelli, A.2    Inghilleri, M.3    Manfredi, M.4
  • 12
    • 0030950944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical mechanisms mediating the inhibitory period after magnetic stimulation of the facial motor area
    • Cruccu G, Inghilleri M, Berardelli A, Romaniello A & Manfredi M (1997). Cortical mechanisms mediating the inhibitory period after magnetic stimulation of the facial motor area. Muscle Nerve 20, 418-424.
    • (1997) Muscle Nerve , vol.20 , pp. 418-424
    • Cruccu, G.1    Inghilleri, M.2    Berardelli, A.3    Romaniello, A.4    Manfredi, M.5
  • 13
    • 0018355283 scopus 로고
    • Facial afferent fibers in the blink reflex of man
    • Csecsei G (1979). Facial afferent fibers in the blink reflex of man. Brain Res 161, 347-350.
    • (1979) Brain Res. , vol.161 , pp. 347-350
    • Csecsei, G.1
  • 17
    • 0033078007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neurophysiological approach to brainstem reflexes. Blink reflex
    • Esteban A (1999). A neurophysiological approach to brainstem reflexes. Blink reflex. Neurophysiol Clin 29, 7-38.
    • (1999) Neurophysiol. Clin. , vol.29 , pp. 7-38
    • Esteban, A.1
  • 18
    • 13144294050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncrossed cortico-muscular projections in humans are abundant to facial muscles of the upper and lower face, but may differ between sexes
    • Fischer U, Hess CW & Rosler KM (2005). Uncrossed cortico-muscular projections in humans are abundant to facial muscles of the upper and lower face, but may differ between sexes. J Neurol 252, 21-26.
    • (2005) J. Neurol. , vol.252 , pp. 21-26
    • Fischer, U.1    Hess, C.W.2    Rosler, K.M.3
  • 19
    • 0026069859 scopus 로고
    • Spinal motor neuron excitability during the silent period after cortical stimulation
    • Fuhr P, Agostino R & Hallett M (1991). Spinal motor neuron excitability during the silent period after cortical stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 81, 257-262.
    • (1991) Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.81 , pp. 257-262
    • Fuhr, P.1    Agostino, R.2    Hallett, M.3
  • 20
    • 0035216205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor evoked potentials from masseter muscle induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the pyramidal tract: The importance of coil orientation
    • Guggisberg AG, Dubach P, Hess CW, Wuthrich C & Mathis J (2001). Motor evoked potentials from masseter muscle induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the pyramidal tract: the importance of coil orientation. Clin Neurophysiol 112, 2312-2319.
    • (2001) Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.112 , pp. 2312-2319
    • Guggisberg, A.G.1    Dubach, P.2    Hess, C.W.3    Wuthrich, C.4    Mathis, J.5
  • 21
    • 0034644207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain
    • Hallett M (2000). Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain. Nature 406, 147-150.
    • (2000) Nature , vol.406 , pp. 147-150
    • Hallett, M.1
  • 23
    • 0026793559 scopus 로고
    • Localization of emotional and volitional facial paresis
    • Hopf HC, Muller-Forell W & Hopf NJ (1992). Localization of emotional and volitional facial paresis. Neurology 42, 1918-1923.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1918-1923
    • Hopf, H.C.1    Muller-Forell, W.2    Hopf, N.J.3
  • 24
    • 0037112547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-interval paired-pulse inhibition and facilitation of human motor cortex: The dimension of stimulus intensity
    • Ilic TV, Meintzschel F, Cleff U, Ruge D, Kessler KR & Ziemann U (2002). Short-interval paired-pulse inhibition and facilitation of human motor cortex: the dimension of stimulus intensity. J Physiol 545, 153-167.
    • (2002) J. Physiol. , vol.545 , pp. 153-167
    • Ilic, T.V.1    Meintzschel, F.2    Cleff, U.3    Ruge, D.4    Kessler, K.R.5    Ziemann, U.6
  • 25
    • 0027177859 scopus 로고
    • Silent period evoked by transcranial stimulation of the human cortex and cervicomedullary junction
    • Inghilleri M, Berardelli A, Cruccu G & Manfredi M (1993a). Silent period evoked by transcranial stimulation of the human cortex and cervicomedullary junction. J Physiol 466, 521-534.
    • (1993) J. Physiol. , vol.466 , pp. 521-534
    • Inghilleri, M.1    Berardelli, A.2    Cruccu, G.3    Manfredi, M.4
  • 26
    • 0027177859 scopus 로고
    • Silent period evoked by transcranial stimulation of the human cortex and cervicomedullary junction
    • Inghilleri M, Berardelli A, Cruccu G & Manfredi M (1993b). Silent period evoked by transcranial stimulation of the human cortex and cervicomedullary junction. J Physiol 466, 521-534.
    • (1993) J. Physiol. , vol.466 , pp. 521-534
    • Inghilleri, M.1    Berardelli, A.2    Cruccu, G.3    Manfredi, M.4
  • 27
  • 28
    • 0023185153 scopus 로고
    • Organization of the facial nucleus and corticofacial projection in the monkey: A reconsideration of the upper motor neuron facial palsy
    • Jenny AB & Saper CB (1987). Organization of the facial nucleus and corticofacial projection in the monkey: a reconsideration of the upper motor neuron facial palsy. Neurology 37, 930-939.
    • (1987) Neurology , vol.37 , pp. 930-939
    • Jenny, A.B.1    Saper, C.B.2
  • 30
    • 0041349380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology
    • Kobayashi M & Pascual-Leone A (2003). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology. Lancet Neurol 2, 145-156.
    • (2003) Lancet Neurol. , vol.2 , pp. 145-156
    • Kobayashi, M.1    Pascual-Leone, A.2
  • 31
    • 0034893476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracortical inhibition and facilitation in human facial motor area: Difference between upper and lower facial area
    • Kobayashi M, Theoret H, Mottaghy FM, Gangitano M & Pascual-Leone A (2001). Intracortical inhibition and facilitation in human facial motor area: difference between upper and lower facial area. Clin Neurophysiol 112, 1604-1611.
    • (2001) Clin. Neurophysiol. , vol.112 , pp. 1604-1611
    • Kobayashi, M.1    Theoret, H.2    Mottaghy, F.M.3    Gangitano, M.4    Pascual-Leone, A.5
  • 33
    • 0023757864 scopus 로고
    • Facial mannerisms and tics
    • Lees AJ (1988). Facial mannerisms and tics. Adv Neurol 49, 255-261.
    • (1988) Adv. Neurol. , vol.49 , pp. 255-261
    • Lees, A.J.1
  • 34
    • 0031949752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of direct connection of corticobulbar fibers to orofacial muscles in man: Electromyographic study of individual motor unit responses
    • Liscic RM, Zidar J & Mihelin M (1998). Evidence of direct connection of corticobulbar fibers to orofacial muscles in man: electromyographic study of individual motor unit responses. Muscle Nerve 21, 561-566.
    • (1998) Muscle Nerve , vol.21 , pp. 561-566
    • Liscic, R.M.1    Zidar, J.2    Mihelin, M.3
  • 35
    • 0017658052 scopus 로고
    • Muscle spindles in nonhuman primate extrinsic auricular muscles
    • Lovell M, Sutton D & Lindeman RC (1977). Muscle spindles in nonhuman primate extrinsic auricular muscles. Anat Rec 189, 519-523.
    • (1977) Anat. Rec. , vol.189 , pp. 519-523
    • Lovell, M.1    Sutton, D.2    Lindeman, R.C.3
  • 36
    • 0036942435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromyographical differentiation between the acoustic blink and startle reflex. Implications for studies investigating startle behavior
    • Meincke U, Morth D, Voss T & Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E (2002). Electromyographical differentiation between the acoustic blink and startle reflex. Implications for studies investigating startle behavior. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 252, 141-145.
    • (2002) Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. , vol.252 , pp. 141-145
    • Meincke, U.1    Morth, D.2    Voss, T.3    Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E.4
  • 37
    • 0024605032 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of unilateral facial weakness: Magnetic stimulation of the proximal facial nerve and of the face-associated motor cortex
    • Meyer BU, Britton TC & Benecke R (1989). Investigation of unilateral facial weakness: magnetic stimulation of the proximal facial nerve and of the face-associated motor cortex. J Neurol 236, 102-107.
    • (1989) J. Neurol. , vol.236 , pp. 102-107
    • Meyer, B.U.1    Britton, T.C.2    Benecke, R.3
  • 38
    • 0027996273 scopus 로고
    • Functional organisation of corticonuclear pathways to motoneurones of lower facial muscles in man
    • Meyer BU, Werhahn K, Rothwell JC, Roericht S & Fauth C (1994). Functional organisation of corticonuclear pathways to motoneurones of lower facial muscles in man. Exp Brain Res 101, 465-472.
    • (1994) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.101 , pp. 465-472
    • Meyer, B.U.1    Werhahn, K.2    Rothwell, J.C.3    Roericht, S.4    Fauth, C.5
  • 39
    • 0006717172 scopus 로고
    • On the dissociation of voluntary and emotional innervation in facial nerve paresis of central origin
    • Monrad-Krohn GH (1924). On the dissociation of voluntary and emotional innervation in facial nerve paresis of central origin. Brain 47, 22-35.
    • (1924) Brain , vol.47 , pp. 22-35
    • Monrad-Krohn, G.H.1
  • 40
    • 0035186954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical innervation of the facial nucleus in the non-human primate: A new interpretation of the effects of stroke and related subtotal brain trauma on the muscles of facial expression
    • Morecraft RJ, Louie JL, Herrick JL & Stilwell-Morecraft KS (2001). Cortical innervation of the facial nucleus in the non-human primate: a new interpretation of the effects of stroke and related subtotal brain trauma on the muscles of facial expression. Brain 124, 176-208.
    • (2001) Brain , vol.124 , pp. 176-208
    • Morecraft, R.J.1    Louie, J.L.2    Herrick, J.L.3    Stilwell-Morecraft, K.S.4
  • 41
    • 0031039755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracortical facilitation and inhibition after transcranial magnetic stimulation in conscious humans
    • Nakamura H, Kitagawa H, Kawaguchi Y & Tsuji H (1997). Intracortical facilitation and inhibition after transcranial magnetic stimulation in conscious humans. J Physiol 498, 817-823.
    • (1997) J. Physiol. , vol.498 , pp. 817-823
    • Nakamura, H.1    Kitagawa, H.2    Kawaguchi, Y.3    Tsuji, H.4
  • 43
    • 0029126891 scopus 로고
    • The effect of voluntary contraction on cortico-cortical inhibition in human motor cortex
    • Ridding MC, Taylor JL & Rothwell JC (1995). The effect of voluntary contraction on cortico-cortical inhibition in human motor cortex. J Physiol 487, 541-548.
    • (1995) J. Physiol. , vol.487 , pp. 541-548
    • Ridding, M.C.1    Taylor, J.L.2    Rothwell, J.C.3
  • 44
    • 17144457677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial cortical magnetic stimulation of lower-lip mimetic muscles: Effect of coil position on motor evoked potentials
    • Rodel R, Laskawi R & Markus H (1999). Transcranial cortical magnetic stimulation of lower-lip mimetic muscles: effect of coil position on motor evoked potentials. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 61, 119-125.
    • (1999) ORL J. Otorhinolaryngol. Relat. Spec. , vol.61 , pp. 119-125
    • Rodel, R.1    Laskawi, R.2    Markus, H.3
  • 45
    • 0035109159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical transcranial magnetic stimulation of the frontalis muscle: Characteristic features and details on motor-evoked potentials of the forehead
    • Rodel R, Laskawi R, Markus H & Wenke K (2001). Cortical transcranial magnetic stimulation of the frontalis muscle: characteristic features and details on motor-evoked potentials of the forehead. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 63, 66-71.
    • (2001) ORL J. Otorhinolaryngol. Relat. Spec. , vol.63 , pp. 66-71
    • Rodel, R.1    Laskawi, R.2    Markus, H.3    Wenke, K.4
  • 46
    • 0027267686 scopus 로고
    • On the origin of the postexcitatory inhibition seen after transcranial magnetic brain stimulation in awake human subjects
    • Roick H, von Giesen HJ & Benecke R (1993). On the origin of the postexcitatory inhibition seen after transcranial magnetic brain stimulation in awake human subjects. Exp Brain Res 94, 489-498.
    • (1993) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.94 , pp. 489-498
    • Roick, H.1    von Giesen, H.J.2    Benecke, R.3
  • 47
    • 0041665220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two phases of short-interval intracortical inhibition
    • Roshan L, Paradiso GO & Chen R (2003). Two phases of short-interval intracortical inhibition. Exp Brain Res 151, 330-337.
    • (2003) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.151 , pp. 330-337
    • Roshan, L.1    Paradiso, G.O.2    Chen, R.3
  • 49
    • 0018887109 scopus 로고
    • A silent period in orbicularis oculi muscles of humans
    • Sanes JN & Ison JR (1980). A silent period in orbicularis oculi muscles of humans. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 43, 504-509.
    • (1980) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 504-509
    • Sanes, J.N.1    Ison, J.R.2
  • 50
    • 0035862183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between two different inhibitory systems in the human motor cortex
    • Sanger TD, Garg RR & Chen R (2001). Interactions between two different inhibitory systems in the human motor cortex. J Physiol 530, 307-317.
    • (2001) J. Physiol. , vol.530 , pp. 307-317
    • Sanger, T.D.1    Garg, R.R.2    Chen, R.3
  • 51
    • 0031902317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusions induced a marked increase of the transcranially evoked silent period in a patient with generalized dystonia
    • Siebner HR, Dressnandt J, Auer C & Conrad B (1998). Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusions induced a marked increase of the transcranially evoked silent period in a patient with generalized dystonia. Muscle Nerve 21, 1209-1212.
    • (1998) Muscle Nerve , vol.21 , pp. 1209-1212
    • Siebner, H.R.1    Dressnandt, J.2    Auer, C.3    Conrad, B.4
  • 53
    • 0019996619 scopus 로고
    • Blink reflexes elicited by electrical, acoustic and visual stimuli. I. Normal values and possible anatomical pathways
    • Tackmann W, Ettlin T & Barth R (1982). Blink reflexes elicited by electrical, acoustic and visual stimuli. I. Normal values and possible anatomical pathways. Eur Neurol 21, 210-216.
    • (1982) Eur. Neurol. , vol.21 , pp. 210-216
    • Tackmann, W.1    Ettlin, T.2    Barth, R.3
  • 54
    • 84912998343 scopus 로고
    • The localisation of isolated cranial nerve lesions
    • ed. Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW & Biemond A, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam
    • Taverner D (1969). The localisation of isolated cranial nerve lesions. In Localization in Clinical Neurology, ed. Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW & Biemond A, pp. 52-85. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam.
    • (1969) Localization in Clinical Neurology , pp. 52-85
    • Taverner, D.1
  • 55
    • 0029010926 scopus 로고
    • Volitional type of facial palsy associated with pontine ischaemia
    • Topper R, Kosinski C & Mull M (1995). Volitional type of facial palsy associated with pontine ischaemia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 58, 732-734.
    • (1995) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.58 , pp. 732-734
    • Topper, R.1    Kosinski, C.2    Mull, M.3
  • 58
    • 0344381399 scopus 로고
    • Zahl und Anordung der Muskelspindeln in den oberen Zungenbein-muskeln, im M. trapezius and M. latissimus dorsi
    • Voss H (1956). Zahl und Anordung der Muskelspindeln in den oberen Zungenbein-muskeln, im M. trapezius and M. latissimus dorsi. Anat Anz 103, 443-446.
    • (1956) Anat. Anz. , vol.103 , pp. 443-446
    • Voss, H.1
  • 59
    • 0029926726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses to paired transcranial magnetic stimuli in resting, active, and recently activated muscles
    • Wassermann EM, Samii A, Mercuri B, Ikoma K, Oddo D, Grill SE & Hallett M (1996). Responses to paired transcranial magnetic stimuli in resting, active, and recently activated muscles. Exp Brain Res 109, 158-163.
    • (1996) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.109 , pp. 158-163
    • Wassermann, E.M.1    Samii, A.2    Mercuri, B.3    Ikoma, K.4    Oddo, D.5    Grill, S.E.6    Hallett, M.7
  • 60
    • 0028884051 scopus 로고
    • The silent period induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in muscles supplied by cranial nerves: Normal data and changes in patients
    • Werhahn KJ, Classen J & Benecke R (1995). The silent period induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in muscles supplied by cranial nerves: normal data and changes in patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 59, 586-596.
    • (1995) J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 586-596
    • Werhahn, K.J.1    Classen, J.2    Benecke, R.3
  • 61
    • 0033152605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects on motorcortical inhibition induced by blockade of GABA uptake in humans
    • Werhahn KJ, Kunesch E, Noachtar S, Benecke R & Classen J (1999). Differential effects on motorcortical inhibition induced by blockade of GABA uptake in humans. J Physiol 517, 591-597.
    • (1999) J. Physiol. , vol.517 , pp. 591-597
    • Werhahn, K.J.1    Kunesch, E.2    Noachtar, S.3    Benecke, R.4    Classen, J.5
  • 62
    • 0017346489 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological evidence for a facio-facial reflex in the facial muscles in man
    • Willer JC & Lamour Y (1977). Electrophysiological evidence for a facio-facial reflex in the facial muscles in man. Brain Res 119, 459-464.
    • (1977) Brain Res. , vol.119 , pp. 459-464
    • Willer, J.C.1    Lamour, Y.2
  • 63
    • 0031774373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dextromethorphan decreases the excitability of the human motor cortex
    • Ziemann U, Chen R, Cohen LG & Hallett M (1998). Dextromethorphan decreases the excitability of the human motor cortex. Neurology 51, 1320-1324.
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 1320-1324
    • Ziemann, U.1    Chen, R.2    Cohen, L.G.3    Hallett, M.4
  • 64
    • 0029787246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of antiepileptic drugs on motor cortex excitability in humans: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study
    • Ziemann U, Lonnecker S, Steinhoff BJ & Paulus W (1996a). Effects of antiepileptic drugs on motor cortex excitability in humans: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Ann Neurol 40, 367-378.
    • (1996) Ann. Neurol. , vol.40 , pp. 367-378
    • Ziemann, U.1    Lonnecker, S.2    Steinhoff, B.J.3    Paulus, W.4
  • 65
    • 0030000616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of lorazepam on the motor cortical excitability in man
    • Ziemann U, Lonnecker S, Steinhoff BJ & Paulus W (1996b). The effect of lorazepam on the motor cortical excitability in man. Exp Brain Res 109, 127-135.
    • (1996) Exp. Brain Res. , vol.109 , pp. 127-135
    • Ziemann, U.1    Lonnecker, S.2    Steinhoff, B.J.3    Paulus, W.4
  • 66
    • 0029910570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between intracortical inhibition and facilitation in human motor cortex
    • Ziemann U, Rothwell JC & Ridding MC (1996c). Interaction between intracortical inhibition and facilitation in human motor cortex. J Physiol 496, 873-881.
    • (1996) J. Physiol. , vol.496 , pp. 873-881
    • Ziemann, U.1    Rothwell, J.C.2    Ridding, M.C.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.