Canadian-U.S. environmental cooperation: Climate change networks and regional action

American Review of Canadian Studies

Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 353-378

  Selin, Henrik ^a   Vandeveer, Stacy D ^b  

^a BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; REGIONALISM; TRANSBOUNDARY COOPERATION;

CANADA; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; WESTERN HEMISPHERE; WORLD;

EID: 23844441528     PISSN: 02722011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02722010509481376     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Research for this chapter has been supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Department of Political Science, University of New Hampshire, and Boston University. Valuable assistance was provided by John Shea at the New England Governors' Conference and we thank the many individuals in the United States and Canada who consented to interviews for this research. Helpful comments were also given by Debora VanNijnatten and other participants at a conference on the State of Canada-U.S. Relationship at the The Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington D.C., November, 2004. An earlier version of this text will be published in Philippe Le Prestre and Peter Stoett (eds.) Continental Ecopolitics. Aldershot, U.K.: Ashgate (forthcoming).
2. VanNijnatten, Debora L. 2003. "Analyzing the Canada-U.S. Environmental Relationship: A Multi-faceted Approach" American Review of Canadian Studies 33, no. 1 (Spring 2003): 93-120.
3. See, for example, Barry Rabe (2004) Statehouse and Greenhouse: The Emerging Politics of American Climate Change Policy. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press;
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5. The Committee on the Environment and the Northeast International Committee on Energy of the Conference of the New England Governors and the Eastern Canadian Premiers. Climate Change Action Plan 2001, August 2001.
6. Climate Change Action Plan 2001.
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8. and Raimo Vayrynen (2003) '"Regionalism' Old and New," International Studies Review 5, no. 1, pp. 25-52.
9. Mittelman, James. 2000. The Globalization Syndrome: Transformation and Resistance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Väyrynen, "'Regionalism' Old and New," pp. 25-51.
10. Väyrynen, "'Regionalism' Old and New," pp. 25-51.
11. Mittelman, The Globalization Syndrome, pp. 111-112.
12. VanDeveer, Stacy D. 2004. "Ordering Environments: Regions in European International Environmental Cooperation" in Sheila Jasanoff and Marybeth Long Martello, eds., Earthly Politics: Local and Global In Environmental Governance. Cambridge: MIT Press.
13. See, e.g.,Tanja A. Börzel (1998) "Organizing Babylon: On the Different Conceptions of Policy Networks." Public Administration 76, pp. 253-73.
14. Sabatier, Paul, and Hank Jenkins-Smith, eds. 1993. Policy Change and Learning An Advocacy Coalition Approach. Boulder: Westview.
15. Keck, Margaret, and Kathryn Sikkink. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders. Ithaca: Cornell University Press
16. Florini, Ann M., ed. 2000. The Third Force: The Rise of Transnational Civil Society. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
17. Rabe, Statehouse and Greenhouse;
18. Betsill, Michele. 2001. "Mitigating Climate Change in U.S. Cities: Opportunities and Obstacles," Local Environment 4, no. 4, pp. 393-406;
19. Bulkeley, Harriet, and Betsill, Michele. 2003. Cities for Climate Change: Urban Sustainability and Global Environmental Governance. London: Routledge.
20. Selin, Henrik, and Stacy D. VanDeveer, "Canadian-U.S. Cooperation: Regional Climate Change Action in the Northeast" In LePreste and Stoett, Continental Ecopolitics.
21. Hamel, Sonia. 2003. "Climate Change Action Plan: 2003 Update." Presentation given at the 28th Annual Meeting of the New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers, Groton, Connecticut, September 9, 2003.
22. Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (2004) Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the New England and Eastern Canadian Region, 1990-2000. Boston, MA, April.
23. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the New England and Eastern Canadian Region.
24. The Conference of the New England Governors and the Eastern Canadian Premiers. 2001. Climate Change New Directions for the Northeast: Background Paper. A Workshop of the Conference of the New England Governors and the Eastern Canadian Premiers, March 29-30, 2001, Fredericton, New Brunswick..
25. Willems, Stephane, and Kevin Baumert. 2003. "Institutional Capacity and Climate Actions." Paris: OECD. COM/ENV/EPOC/IEA/SLT(2003)5.
26. For more on the New England Governors' Conference, see http:// www.negc.org.
27. For more on the Eastern Canadian Premiers Secretariat, see http:// www.capcpma.ca/
28. Interviews with NEG-ECP participants, March-November, 2003.
29. Climate Change New Directions for the Northeast.
30. Climate Change Action Plan 2001.
31. The Cities for Climate Protection campaign is sponsored by the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives. See http:// www.iclei.org
32. Moomaw, William R. 1992. "Regional Boundaries and Global Climate Change: Northeast North America" in Jurgen Schmandt and Judith Clarkson (eds.) The Regions and Global Warming: Impacts & Response Strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.275-289.
33. Rabe, Statehouse and Greenhouse.
34. Climate Change New Directions for the Northeast; Climate Change Action Plan 2001.
35. In the United States, the National Assessment Synthesis Team of the U.S. Global Change Research Program presented a national report on potential consequences of climate change in 2000. A national Canadian climate change plan was released in late 2002. This plan was followed by a report on Canada's changing climate in November 2003.
36. Once such example is the "New England Regional Assessment" published in 2001 and coordinated by the University of New Hampshire's Climate Change Research Center. Information on the project and the report are available at http://www.necci.sr.unh.edu/reports.html.
37. For more on Ouranos, see http://www.ouranos.ca.
38. For more on NESCAUM, see http://www.nescaum.org.
39. Karen Litfin. 1994. Ozone Discourses. New York. Columbia University Press.
40. Climate Change New Directions for the Northeast; Climate Change Action Plan 2001; Sonia Hamel interview.
41. VanDeveer, "Ordering Environments."
42. Climate Change New Directions for the Northeast, p. 14.
43. National Assessment Synthesis Team, U.S. Global Change Research Program. 2000. Climate Change Impacts on the United States: The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change, pp. 40-41. The report is available at http://www.gcrio.org/NationalAssessment/.
44. Milligan, Susan. 2002. "Study Predicts City Flood Threat Due to Warming" Boston Globe. February 15.
45. Climate Change New Directions for the Northeast, pp. 12-28.
46. Selin and VanDeveer, "Canadian-U.S. Cooperation."
47. Interviews with NEG-ECP participants, March-November, 2003.
48. For information about the New England Climate coalition and the organizations many publications and press releases, see http:// www.newenglandclimate.org/
49. See http://www.newenglandclimate.org. See also Global Warming and New England; Interviews with NEG-ECP participants, March-November, 2003.
50. See also Global Warming and New England; Interviews with NEG-ECP participants, March-November, 2003.
51. See Rabe, Statehouse and Greenhouse, pp. 77-83.
52. Hamel, "Climate Change Action Plan: 2003 Update."
53. Cities developing climate change action plans include Somerville, MA; Cambridge,MA; and Newton, MA.
54. See, for example, UNH Office of Sustainability. 2004. "1990-2003 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory" posted at http:// www.sustainableunh.edu.
55. For other examples, see Clean Air-Cool Planet website at http:// www.Cleanair-coolplanet.org
56. Conference of NEG-ECP. "College and University Climate Change Symposium," University of New Hampshire, June 18, 2004.
57. See, for example, David Cohen and Timothy P. Murray, State Must Protect Our Climate Now, op-ed, Boston Globe, September 1, 2003.
58. See, for example, Andrew Aulisi, Jennifer Layke, and Samantha Putt del Pino. 2004. "A Climate of Innovation: Northeast Business Action to Reduce Greenhouse Gases," Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute.
59. See also case studies listed on the web site of Clean Air-Cool Planet: http://www.cleanair-coolplanet.org/solutions/viewall.php.
60. One example is Northeast Utilities Systems, a Fortune 500 energy company, that operates across New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Connecticut: http://www.nu.com/default.asp
61. Interviews with NEG-ECP participants, March-November, 2003.
62. Reisman, John, Governors and Greens Au Groton, Tech Central Station, 5 September, 2003. The text is available at http:// www.techcentralstation.com.
63. See also http://www.maineinstitute.com.
64. "Global Warming and New England"; and New England Climate Coalition, 2004 Report Card on Climate Change Action. June 2004.
65. and New England Climate Coalition, 2004 Report Card on Climate Change Action. June 2004.
66. Interviews with NEG-ECP participants, March-November, 2003.
67. Hamel, "Climate Change Action Plan: 2003 Update."
68. For details, see http://www.rggi.org
69. Aulisis, Andrew, Alexander Farrell, Jonathan Pershing and Stacy VanDeveer, "Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading in U.S. States: Observations and Lessons from OTC NOx Budget Program." White Paper, Resources for the Future, 2005.
70. See also http://www.rggi.org
71. Daley, Beth. 2004. "Wind Farms find unlikely foe in environmentalists" Boston Globe. August 1, 2004: A1 and B5.
72. New England Climate Coalition. 2005. "Getting on Track: New England's Rising Global Warming Emissions and How to Reverse the Trend" Boston: New England Climate Coalition.
73. MASSPIRG Education Fund. 2003. Cars and Global Warming: Policy Options to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Massachusetts Cars and Light Trucks, p. 15.
74. Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (2004) Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the New England and Eastern Canadian Region, 1990-2000. Boston, April 2004.
75. MASSPIRG Education Fund, Cars and Global Warming, p.12.
76. Austin, Ian. 2005. "Carmakers in Canada to Cut Emissions" New York Times. March 24. " Canadian Auto Industry Agrees to Limit Greenhouse Gases" Environmental New Service, April 6, 2005
77. " Canadian Auto Industry Agrees to Limit Greenhouse Gases" Environmental New Service, April 6, 2005
78. Report to the New England Governors and the Eastern Canadian Premiers .
79. See, for example, the Tremaine Foundation at http:// www.tremainefoundation.org.
80. Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the New England and Eastern Canadian Region, 1990-2000; and 2004 Report Card on Climate Change Action.
81. and 2004 Report Card on Climate Change Action.
82. Conference of NEG-ECP. "College and University Climate Change Symposium," University of New Hampshire, June 18, 2004.
83. 2004 Report Card on Climate Change Action; and "Global Warming and New England."
84. and "Global Warming and New England."
85. State of Vermont. 2003. Climate Action Plan for State Government Buildings and Operations.
86. Moomaw, "Regional Boundaries and Global Climate Change," p. 276.
87. Such discussions are held, for example, in Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts.
88. Rabe, Barry. 2004. "Beyond Kyoto: Designing Policies to Reduce Greenhouse gases in Multi-level Governance Systems." Unpublished manuscript.
89. On ICLEI, see http://www.iclei.org.
90. See also Betsill, Mitigating Climate Change in U.S. Cities, pp. 393-406;
91. Bulkeley, Harriet, and Michele Betsill. 2003. Cities for Climate Change: Urban Sustainability and Global Environmental Governance. London: Routledge.
92. Similarly, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Maine have filed suit against the decision by the Bush Administration and the U.S. EPA in an attempt to overhaul the new source review process and requirements. Further, the New England Governors and the Eastern Canadian Premiers adopted a joint resolution at their 2003 meeting in which they expressed great concern with the EPA decision, and urged the United States government to fulfill the 1990 Clean Air Agreement between Canada and the U.S., which they believe to be in danger as a result of the EPA decision.
93. Authors' notes at the 2003 Annual Meeting of the New England Governors and Eastern Canadian Premiers, Groton, CT.
94. Rabe, Statehouse and Greenhouse.
95. Aulisis, Farrell, Pershing, and VanDeveer, "Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading in U.S. States."
96. For a review of the influence of norms and ideas, see Kate O'Neill, Jorg Balsiger, and Stacy D. VanDeveer (2004), "Actors, Norms and Impact: Recent International Cooperation Theory and the Influence of the Agent Structure Debate." Annual Review of Political Science 7, pp. 149-75.
97. See also VanNijnatten, "Analyzing the Canada-U.S. Environmental Relationship."