Promoting transparency in Angola

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 16, Issue 3, 2005, Pages 155-169

  McMillan, John ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 23744472180     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.2005.0050     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. The $1 billion estimate, based on unpublished calculations by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), is discussed in Global Witness, "Time for Transparency: Coming Clean on Oil, Mining, and Gas Revenues" (Washington, D.C.: Global Witness Publishing Inc., 2004), 36;
2. and Human Rights Watch, "Some Transparency, No Accountability," 2004, available at www.hrw.org.
3. The Marques quote is from Tim Butcher, "Corruption Replaces War as a Way of Life in Angola," National Post (Canada), 30 July 2002, A12.
4. See U.S. Department of State, "Angola: Country Report on Human Rights Practices 2002," March 2003.
5. The "rich list" is from "Wealth Has Changed Its Color: Our Millionaires," Angolense (Luanda), 13 January 2003.
6. Jeffrey D. Sachs and Andrew M. Warner, "Natural Resource Abundance and Economic Growth," National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1995.
7. Terry Lynn Karl, The Paradox of Plenty (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997);
8. Michael Ross, "Does Oil Hinder Democracy?" World Politics 53 (April 2001): 325-61;
9. Paul Collier and Anke Hoeffler, "Greed and Grievance in Civil War," World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 2001;
10. James Fearon, "Primary Commodities Exports and Civil Wars," Journal of Conflict Resolution (forthcoming, 2005).
11. Erwin H. Bulte, Richard Damania, Robert T. Deacon, "Resource Abundance, Poverty and Development," unpubl. ms., University of California-Santa Barbara, 2003;
12. Jonathan Isham et al., "The Varieties of Resource Experience," unpubl. ms., Middlebury College, 2003;
13. Xavier Sala-i-Martin and Arvind Subramanian, "Addressing the Natural Resource Curse," NBER, 2003.
14. Adam Przeworski et al., Democracy and Development (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 137.
15. Tony Hodges, Angola: From Afro-Stalinism to Petro-Diamond Capitalism (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001);
16. and the World Bank, "GNI Per Capita," available at www.worldbank.org/data/databytopic/GNIPC.pdf.
17. Quotes on Savimbi are from Nicholas Kristof, "The Angola Mirror," New York Times, 5 March 2002.
18. On the fight for control of government, see Tony Hodges, Angola;
19. Philippe Le Billon, "Angola's Political Economy of War," African Affairs 100 (January 2001): 55-80;
20. and Assis Malaquias, "Making War and Lots of Money," Review of African Political Economy 90 (December 2001): 521-36.
21. Lydia Polgreen, "Angolans Come Home to 'Negative Peace,'" New York Times, 30 July 2003, A1.
22. The quote from the Angolan government is from "Poverty Reduction Strategy Foresees Growth and New Jobs," 24 September 2002, available at www.reliefweb.int.
23. The Manuel Vincente quote is from Bruce Stanley, "Crude Interest," Washington Times, 4 September 2002.
24. On using the royalty rate to promote bidding competition, see R. Preston McAfee and John McMillan, "Bidding for Contracts," Rand Journal of Economics 17 (Autumn 1986): 326-38.
25. The Radio Ecclesia quote is from Declan Walsh, "Angolan Government Accused of Siphoning Off Oil Money," Boston Globe, 8 September 2002, A16.
26. Henri E. Cauvin, "IMF Skewers Corruption in Angola," New York Times, 30 November 2002, A6.
27. Vicente: Phillip van Niekerk and Laura Peterson, "Greasing the Skids of Corruption," Center for Public Integrity's International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, 4 November 2002, 5.
28. The Jersey bank story is from Phillip van Niekerk and Laura Peterson, "Greasing the Skids of Corruption."
29. The Dos Santos and Jaime bank accounts are reported in Ken Silverstein, "Gusher to a Few, Trickle to the Rest," Los Angeles Times, 13 May 2004, A1.
30. The quotes on the Elf case are from Paul Webster, "Elf Spent $60m a Year on Bribes, Investigators Told," Guardian (London), 12 July 2000;
31. Thijs Berman, "The Scapegoat Speaks," Radio Netherlands, 1 April 2003;
32. Peter Gumbel, "Gushing Greenbacks," Time Europe, 5 May 2003;
33. and Hugh Schofield, "Elf Trial Reveals Moral Vacuum," BBC News, 24 April 2003.
34. On Halliburton, see "Nigerian President Orders Probe into Corruption Allegations Against Halliburton," Associated Press Worldstream, 18 June 2003;
35. and "Halliburton Firm Bribed Nigeria," The Age (Melbourne), 10 May 2003.
36. On the U.S. Senate Equatorial Guinea investigation, see Kathleen Day, "Riggs Investigation Prompts Inquiry into 3 Oil Firms," Washington Post, 5 August 2004, E1.
37. Nicholas Shaxson, "Soros Aims to Stop Graft in Energy Projects," Financial Times (London), 12 June 2002.
38. Global Witness, "Time for Transparency";
39. and Human Rights Watch, "Some Transparency, No Accountability: The Use of Oil Revenue in Angola and Its Impact on Human Rights," January 2004.
40. The Hayman quote is from Carola Hoyos and John Reed, "Angola Forced to Come Clean," Financial Times, 2 October 2003.
41. World Bank, "World Bank Group Board Agrees on Way Forward on Extractive Industries Review," press release of 5 August 2004.
42. Speech by John Browne, delivered at the Global Business and Global Poverty Conference, Stanford University, 19 May 2004, available at www.bp.com.
43. Sources of quotes are as follows. O'Reilly: Carola Hoyos, "Oil Chief Calls for Action on Trade Barriers," Financial Times, 11 September 2003;
44. Saunders, Norman, and Westgard: Phillip van Niekerk and Laura Peterson, "Greasing the Skids of Corruption," 10-11.
45. Raymond: David Buchan and Sheila McNulty, "Interview: Lee Raymond, ExxonMobil," Financial Times, 12 March 2002.
46. Paul De Grauwe and Filip Camerman, "How Big Are the Big Multinational Companies?" unpubl. ms., University of Leuven, 2002.
47. On the incident, see Terry Macalister, "'Ethical' BP linked to Angola Claims," Guardian, 27 February 2002;
48. "Making Oil Transparent," New York Times, 6 July 2003, D8;
49. Global Witness, "Time for Transparency";
50. and Human Rights Watch, "Some Transparency, No Accountability." BP's policy on transparency in Angola is outlined at www.bp.com.
51. Quoted by Steve Kibble and Alex Vines, "Angola: New Hopes for Civil Society?" Review of African Political Economy 90 (December 2001): 537-47.
52. Angola Press News Agency, "President Denies 'Angolense' Report," 22 January 2003.
53. On civil society, see Steve Kibble and Alex Vine, "Angola: New Hopes for Civil Society?"
54. On the state-secrecy law, see U.S. Department of State, "Angola: Country Report 2002."
55. On the announcement of oil revenues, see "Angola Set to Disclose Payments from Big Oil," New York Times, 13 May 2004;
56. and KPMG, "Assessment of Angolan Petroleum Sector," March 2004, available at www.angola.org.
57. On the moves toward democracy, see Angola Peace Monitor, "Election timetable proposed," 14 September 2004, available at www.actsa.org.
58. On the IMF and World Bank assessments, see Comtex News Network, 13 November 2004;
59. and www.irinnews.org, accessed 19 November 2004.
60. "The Shameless Rich and Voiceless Poor," Economist, 22 January 2004.
61. Daron Acemoglu et al., "Kleptocracy and Divide-and-Rule," Journal of the European Economic Association 2 (April-May 2004): 162-92.
62. Trevor A. Manuel, speech delivered at the Global Business and Global Poverty Conference, Stanford University, 19 May 2004.
63. "Feasting on the Bones of Angola's Poor," New Zealand Herald (Aukland), 22 February 2003.