Distribution of Cryptosporidium genotypes in storm event water samples from three watersheds in New York

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 71, Issue 8, 2005, Pages 4446-4454

  Jiang, Jianlin ^a   Alderisio, Kerri A ^b   Xiao, Lihua ^a  

^a NATL CENTER FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES   (United States)

^b NEW YORK CITY DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; HEALTH CARE; MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION; RNA; WATERSHEDS;

CRYPTOSPORIDIUM OOCYSTS; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA); MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES; POLYMORPHISM;

GENES;

RUNOFF; SMALL SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL RNA; STORM WATER;

MICROBIOLOGY;

ANALYTIC METHOD; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM DETECTION; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS; DEER; GENOTYPE; MICROSCOPY; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; OOCYST; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; UNITED STATES; WATER ANALYSIS; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER SAMPLING; WATERSHED;

ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; DNA, PROTOZOAN; DNA, RIBOSOMAL; FRESH WATER; GENOTYPE; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; NEW YORK; PHYLOGENY; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POLYMORPHISM, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH; RNA, RIBOSOMAL; VARIATION (GENETICS);

ANIMALIA; CERVIDAE; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS; ONDATRA;

EID: 23744471630     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.71.8.4446-4454.2005     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Deng, M. Q., and D. O. Cliver. 1999. Improved immunofluorescence assay for detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium from asymptomatic adult cervine animals. Parasitol. Res. 85:733-736.
2. Faubert, G. M., and Y. Litvinsky. 2000. Natural transmission of Cryptosporidium parvum between dams and calves on a dairy farm. J. Parasitol. 86: 495-500.
3. Fayer, R., J. M. Trout, E. J. Lewis, M. Santin, L. Zhou, A. A. Lal, and L. Xiao. 2003. Contamination of Atlantic coast commercial shellfish with Cryptosporidium. Parasitol. Res. 89:141-145.
4. Fox, K. R., and D. A. Lytle. 1996. Milwaukee's crypto outbreak: investigation and recommendations. J. Am. Water Assoc. 88:87-94.
5. Graczyk, T. K., M. R. Cranfield, and R. Fayer. 1996. Evaluation of commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and immunofluorescent antibody (FA) test kits for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts of species other than Cryptosporidium parvum. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 54:274-279.
6. Hallier-Soulier, S., and E. Guillot. 2000. Detection of Cryptosporidia and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in environmental water samples by immunomagnetic separation-polymerase chain reaction. J. Appl. Microbiol. 89:5-10.
7. Hansen, J. S., and J. E. Ongerth. 1991. Effects of time and watershed characteristics on the concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts in river water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:2790-2795.
8. Johnson, D. W., N. J. Pieniazek, D. W. Griffin, L. Misener, and J. B. Rose. 1995. Development of a PCR protocol for sensitive detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water samples. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:3849-3855.
9. Kistemann, T., T. Classen, C. Koch, F. Dangendorf, R. Fischeder, J. Gebel, V. Vacata, and M. Exner. 2002. Microbial load of drinking water reservoir tributaries during extreme rainfall and runoff. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:2188-2197.
10. Kostrzynska, M., M. Sankey, E. Haack, C. Power, J. E. Aldom, A. H. Chagla, S. Unger, G. Palmateer, H. Lee, J. T. Trevors, and S. A. De Grandis. 1999. Three sample preparation protocols for polymerase chain reaction based detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in environmental samples. J. Microbiol. Methods 35:65-71.
11. LeChevallier, M. W., W. D. Norton, J. E. Siegel, and M. Abbaszadegan. 1995. Evaluation of the immunofluorescence procedure for detection of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61: 690-697.
12. Loge, F. J., D. E. Thompson, and D. R. Call. 2002. PCR detection of specific pathogens in water: a risk-based analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:2754-2759.
13. Lowery, C. J., J. E. Moore, B. C. Millar, K. A. McCorry, J. Xu, P. J. Rooney, and J. S. Dooley. 2001. Occurrence and molecular genotyping of Cryptosporidium spp. in surface waters in Northern Ireland. J. Appl. Microbiol. 91: 774-779.
14. Lowery, C. J., P. Nugent, J. E. Moore, B. C. Millar, X. Xiru, and J. S. Dooley. 2001. PCR-IMS detection and molecular typing of Cryptosporidium parvum recovered from a recreational river source and an associated mussel (Mytilus edulis) bed in Northern Ireland. Epidemiol. Infect. 127:545-553.
15. Meinhardt, P. L., D. P. Casemore, and K. B. Miller. 1996. Epidemiologic aspects of human cryptosporidiosis and the role of waterborne transmission. Epidemiol. Rev. 18:118-136.
16. Moore, A. G., G. Vesey, A. Champion, P. Scandizzo, D. Deere, D. Veal, and K. L. Williams. 1998. Viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts exposed to chlorine or other oxidising conditions may lack identifying epitopes. Int. J. Parasitol. 28:1205-1212.
17. Morgan-Ryan, U. M., A. Fall, L. A. Ward, N. Hijjawi, I. Sulaiman, R. Fayer, R. C. Thompson, M. Olson, A. Lal, and L. Xiao. 2002. Cryptosporidium hominis n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Ctyptosporidiidae) from Homo sapiens. J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. 49:433-440.
18. O'Donoghue, P. J. 1995. Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis in man and animals. Int. J. Parasitol. 25:139-195.
19. Ong, C. S., D. L. Eisler, A. Alikhani, V. W. Fung, J. Tomblin, W. R. Bowie, and J. L. Isaac-Renton. 2002. Novel Cryptosporidium genotypes in sporadic cryptosporidiosis cases: first report of human infections with a cervine genotype. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8:263-268.
20. One, K., H. Tsuji, S. K. Rai, A. Yamamoto, K. Masuda, T. Endo, H. Hotta, T. Kawamura, and S. Uga. 2001. Contamination of river water by Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in western Japan. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 3832-3836.
21. Perz, J. F., and S. M. Le Blancq. 2001. Cryptosporidium parvum infection involving novel genotypes in wildlife from lower New York State. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1154-1162.
22. Rose, J. B., D. E. Huffman, and A. Gennaccaro. 2002. Risk and control of waterborne cryptosporidiosis. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 26:113-123.
23. Ryan, U., A. O'Hara, and L. Xiao. 2004. Molecular and biological characterization of a Cryptosporidium molnari-like isolate from a guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Appl. Environ. Microbiol 70:3761-3765.
24. Scorza, A. V., M. M. Brewer, and M. R. Lappin. 2003. Polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. in cat feces. J. Parasitol. 89:423-426.
25. Smith, H. V., and J. B. Rose. 1998. Waterborne cryptosporidiosis: current status. Parasitol. Today 14:14-22.
26. Sturdee, A. P., R. M. Chalmers, and S. A. Bull. 1999. Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in wild mammals of mainland Britain. Vet. Parasitol. 80:273-280.
27. Sulaiman, I. M., L. Xiao, C. Yang, L. Escalante, A. Moore, C. B. Beard, M. J. Arrowood, and A. A. Lal. 1998. Differentiating human from animal isolates of Cryptosporidium parvum. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 4:681-685.
28. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2001. Method 1623: Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water by IFA/IMS/FA. EPA 821-R-01-025. Office of Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C.
29. Wade, S. E., H. O. Mohammed, and S. L. Schaaf. 2000. Prevalence of Giardia sp. Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium andersoni (syn. C. muris) [correction of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium muris (C. andersoni)] in 109 dairy herds in five counties of southeastern New York. Vet. Parasitol. 93:1-11.
30. Webster, J. P., and D. W. Macdonald. 1995. Parasites of wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) on UK farms. Parasitology 111:247-255.
31. Xiao, L., K. Alderisio, J. Limor, M. Royer, and A. A. Lal. 2000. Identification of species and sources of Cryptosporidium oocysts in storm waters with a small-subunit rRNA-based diagnostic and genotyping tool. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:5492-5498.
32. Xiao, L., C. Bern, J. Limor, I. Sulaiman, J. Roberts, W. Checkley, L. Cabrera, R. H. Gilman, and A. A. Lal. 2001. Identification of 5 types of Cryptosporidium parasites in children in Lima, Peru. J. Infect. Dis. 183:492-497.
33. Xiao, L., L. Escalante, C. Yang, I. Sulaiman, A. A. Escalante, R. J. Montali, R. Fayer, and A. A. Lal. 1999. Phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium parasites based on the small-subunit rRNA gene locus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:1578-1583.
34. Xiao, L., R. Fayer, U. M. Ryan, and S. J. Upton. 2004. Cryptosporidium taxonomy: recent advances and implications for public health. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 17:72-97.
35. Xiao, L., U. M. Morgan, J. Limor, A. Escalante, M. Arrowood, W. Shulaw, R. C. Thompson, R. Fayer, and A. A. Lal. 1999. Genetic diversity within Cryptosporidium parvum and related Cryptosporidium species. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:3386-3391.
36. Xiao, L., A. Singh, J. Limor, T. K. Graczyk, S. Gradus, and A. Lal. 2001. Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium oocysts in samples of raw surface water and wastewater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1097-1101.
37. Xiao, L., I. M. Sulaiman, U. M. Ryan, L. Zhou, E. R. Atwill, M. L. Tischler, X. Zhang, R. Fayer, and A. A. Lal. 2002. Host adaptation and host-parasite co-evolution in Cryptosporidium: implications for taxonomy and public health. Int. J. Parasitol. 32:1773-1785.
38. Yu, J. R., S. P. O'Hara, J. L. Lin, M. E. Dailey, and G. Cain. 2002. A common oocyst surface antigen of Cryptosporidium recognized by monoclonal antibodies. Parasitol. Res. 88:412-420.