Estimating the public health burden attributable to air pollution: An illustration using the development of an alternative air quality index

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health - Part A

Volumn 68, Issue 13-14, 2005, Pages 1275-1288

  Stieb, David M ^a   Doiron, Marc Smith ^a   Blagden, Philip ^b   Burnett, Richard T ^a  

^a Environmental Health Center   (Canada)

^b ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; NITROGEN DIOXIDE;

AIR POLLUTANT; AIR POLLUTION; AIR QUALITY; ARTICLE; HEALTH ECONOMICS; HUMAN; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; RISK ASSESSMENT; TIME; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; QUALITY OF LIFE; RISK; STANDARD; STATISTICS;

PUFFINUS AURICULARIS;

AIR POLLUTANTS; AIR POLLUTION; COMMUNICATION; HUMANS; PUBLIC HEALTH; QUALITY OF LIFE; RISK;

EID: 23644462440     PISSN: 15287394     EISSN: 10872620     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15287390590936120     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Abbey, D. E., Nishino, N., McDonnell, W. F., Burchette, R. J., Knutsen, S. F., Beeson, W. L., and Yang, J. E. 1999. Long-term inhalable particles and other air pollutants related to mortality in nonsmokers. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care 159:373-382.
2. Air Quality Index Marketing Working Group. 2002. Interim report. Ottawa, Canada: Environment Canada and Health Canada.
3. Air Quality Index Monitoring and Data Analysis Working Group. 2002. Interim report. Ottawa, Canada: Environment Canada.
4. Bailar, J. C. III. 1997. The promise and problems of meta-analysis. N. Engl. J. Med. 337:559-561.
5. Bates, D. V. 1992. Health indices of the adverse effects of air pollution: the question of coherence. Environ. Res. 59:336-349.
6. Bates, D. V. 2002. A half century later: Recollections of the London fog. Environ. Health Perspect. 110:A735.
7. Blair, A., Burg, J., Foran, J., Gibb, H., Greenland, S., Morris, R., Raabe, G., Savitz, D., Teta, J., Wartenberg, D., Wong, O., and Zimmerman, R. 1995. Guidelines for application of meta-analysis in environmental epidemiology. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 22:189-197.
8. Burnett, R. T., Cakmak, S., and Brook, J. R. 1998. The effect of the urban ambient air pollution mix on daily mortality rates in 11 Canadian cities. Can. J. Public Health 89:152-156.
9. Burnett, R. T., Smith-Doiron, M., Stieb, D., Cakmak, S., and Brook, J. R. 1999. Effects of particulate and gaseous air pollution on cardiorespiratory hospitalizations. Arch. Environ. Health 54:130-139.
10. Burnett, R. T., Brook, J., Dann, T., Delocla, C., Philips, O., Cakmak, S., Vincent, R., Goldberg, M. S., and Krewski, D. 2000. Association between particulate and gas-phase components of urban air pollution and daily mortality in eight Canadian cities, Inhal. Toxicol. 12:15-39.
11. Burnett, R. T., Cakmak, S., Bartlett, S., Stieb, D. M., Jessiman, B. J., Raizenne M., Blagden, P., Brook, J. R., Samson, P., and Dann, T. 2005. Measuring progress in the management of ambient air quality: The case for population health. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 68:1289-1300.
12. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. 2003. Particulate matter and ground-level ozone-Standard/ status. www.ccme.ca/initiatives/ standards.html?category_id = 59
13. Clancy, L., Goodman, P., Sinclair, H., and Dockery, D. W. 2002. Effect of air-pollution control on death rates in Dublin, Ireland: an intervention study. Lancet 360:1210-1214.
14. Coyle, D., Stieb, D., Burnett, R. T., De Civita, P., Chen, Y., Krewski, D., and Thun, M. 2003. Impact of particulate air pollution on quality adjusted life expectancy in Canada, J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A 66:1847-1864.
15. de Hollander, A. E. M., Melse, J. M., Lebret, E., and Kramers, P. G. N. 1999. An aggregate public health indicator to represent the impact of multiple environmental exposures. Epidemiology 10:606-617.
16. DerSimonian, R., and Levine, R. J. 1999. Resolving discrepancies between a meta-analysis and a subsequent large controlled trial. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 282:664-670.
17. Dickersin K., and Berlin, J. A. 1992. Meta-analysis: State-of-the- science. Epidemiol. Rev. 14:154-176.
18. Dockery, D. W., Pope, C. A. III, Xu, X., Spengler, J. D., Ware, J. H., Fay, M. E., Ferris, B. G., and Speizer, F. E. 1993. An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N. Engl. I. Med. 329:753-1759.
19. Dominici, F. 2002. Recent NMMAPS updates resulting from discoveries about generalized additive model software. www.biostat.jhsph.edu/biostat/research/ nmmaps_faq.htm. Accessed July 3, 2002.
20. Dominici, F., Samet, J. M., and Zeger, S. L. 2000. Combining evidence on air pollution and daily mortality from the twenty largest US cities: A hierarchical modeling strategy (with discussion). R. Stat. Soc. 163:263-302.
21. Environment Canada. 1996. Guideline for the index of the quality of the air. Report EPS 1/AP/3. Ottawa, Canada: Ministry of Public Works and Government Services Canada.
22. European Centre for Environment and Health. 2000. Quantification of the health effects of exposure to air pollution. Bilthoven, the Netherlands: World Health Organization.
23. Freeman, A. M. III. 1993. The measurement of environmental and resource values: Theory and methods. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future.
24. Gilbertson, M., and Brophy, J. 2001. Community health profile of Windsor, Ontario, Canada: Anatomy of a Great Lakes area of concern. Environ. Health Perspect. 109:827-843.
25. Gold, M. R., Stephenson, D., and Fryback, D. G. 2002. HALYs and QALYs and DALYs, Oh my: Similarities and differences in summary measures of population health. Annu. Rev. Public Health 23:115-134.
26. Health and Environmental Impact Assessment Panel. 1997. Report on sulphur in gasoline and diesel fuels. Ottawa, Canada: Joint Industry/ Government Study.
27. Hewings, J. 2001. Air quality indices: A review. Toronto: Pollution Probe.
28. loannidis, J. P. A., Cappelleri, J. C., and Lau, J. 1998. Issues in comparisons between meta-analyses and large trials, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 279:1089-1093.
29. Künzli, N., Kaiser, R., Medina, S., Studnicka, M., Chanel, O., Filliger, P., Herry, M., Horak, F., Jr., Puybonnieux-Texier, V., Quenel, P., Schneider, J., Seethaler, R., Vergnaud, J. C., and Sommer, H. 2000. Public-health impact of outdoor and traffic-related air pollution: A European assessment. Lancet 356: 795-801
30. Lindstrom, M. J., and Bates, D. M. 1990. Nonlinear mixed effects models for repeated measures data. Biometrics 46:673-687.
31. Maynard, R. L., and Coster, S. M. 1999. Informing the public about air pollution. In Air pollution and health, eds. J. Samet, K. Koren, and R. Maynard, pp. 1019-1033. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
32. Mitchell, R. C., and Carson, R. T. 1989. Using surveys to value public goods: The contingent valuation method. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future.
33. Morgan, M. G., and Henrion, M. 1990. Uncertainty: A guide to dealing with uncertainty in quantitative risk and policy analysis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
34. Mott, J. A., Wolfe, M. I., Alverson, C. J., Macdonald, S. C., Bailey, C. R., Ball, L. B., Moorman, J. E., Somers, J. H., Mannino, D. M., and Redd, S. C. 2002. National vehicle emissions policies and practices and declining US carbon monoxide-related mortality. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 288:988-995.
35. Murray, C. J. L., and Lopez, A. D. 1999. On the comparable quantification of health risks: Lessons from the Global Burden of Disease study. Epidemiology 10:594-605.
36. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1994. Natural resource damage assessments; proposed rules. Fed. Reg. 59:1062-1191.
37. Ontario Ministry of the Environment - Air Resources Branch 1991. A guide to the Ontario Air Quality Index system. Toronto, Canada: Queen's Printer for Ontario.
38. Pope, C. A. III, Thun, M. J., Namboodiri, M. M., Dockery, D. W., Evans, J. S., Speizer, F. E., and Heath, C. W. 1995. Particulate air pollution as a predictor of mortality in a prospective study of U.S. adults. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care 151:669-674.
39. Rabl, A. 2003. Interpretation of air pollution mortality: Number of deaths or years of life lost? J. Air Waste Manage. 53:41-50.
40. Ramsay, T., Burnett, R. T., and Krewski, D. 2003. Underestimation of standard errors in generalized additive models linking mortality to ambient particulate matter. Epidemiology 14:19-23.
41. Stieb, D. M., Paola, J., and Newman, K. 1996. Do smog advisories work? Results of an evaluation of the Canadian smog advisory program. Can. J. Public Health 87:166-169.
42. Stieb, D. M., Judek, S., and Burnett, R. T. 2002. Meta-analysis of time-series studies of air pollution and mortality: Effects of gases and particles and the influence of cause of death, age, and season. J. Air Waste Manage. 52:470-484.
43. Stieb, D. M., Burnett, R. T., Smith-Doiron, M., Chen, Y., Goldberg, M., Cakmak, S., Dales, R. E., Dann, T., and Brook, J. R. 2003. Air Pollution, mortality and cardiorespiratory hospital admissions in 11 Canadian cities, 1998-2000: Application to a reformulated air quality index. Report to the Management Committee for the Air Quality Index. June 13.
44. Stroup, D. F., Berlin, J. A., Morton, S. C., Olkin, I., Williamson, G. D., Rennie, D., Moher, D., Becker, B. J., Sipe, T. A., and Thacker, S. B. 2000. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: A proposal for reporting. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 283:2008-2012.
45. Toronto Public Health. 2001a. Toronto Air Quality Index Health Links Analysis . Toronto: City of Toronto.
46. Toronto Public Health. 2001b. Condition Critical: Fixing Our Smog Warning System. Toronto: City of Toronto.
47. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1997. The benefits and costs of the Clean Air Act, 1970 to 1990. EPA 410-R-97-002. Washington, DC: U.S. EPA.
48. Vose, D. 2000. Risk analysis: A quantitative guide. Chichester, UK: John Wiley and Sons.