Thyroid sonography as an effective tool to discriminate between euthyroid sick and hypothyroid dogs

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 491-498

  Reese, Sven ^a,b   Breyer, Ulrike ^a   Deeg, Cornelia ^a   Kraft, Wilfried ^a   Kaspers, Bernd ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH   (Germany)

^b Institute of Veterinary Pathology   (Germany)

Author keywords

Canine hypothyroidism; Euthyroid sick syndrome; Thyroglobulin autoantibodies; Thyroiditis; Ultrasound

Indexed keywords

PROTIRELIN; THYROXINE;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; BLOOD; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOG; DOG DISEASE; ECHOGRAPHY; EUTHYROID SICK SYNDROME; FEMALE; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MALE; REPRODUCIBILITY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THYROID GLAND;

ANIMALS; DOG DISEASES; DOGS; EUTHYROID SICK SYNDROMES; FEMALE; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MALE; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THYROID GLAND; THYROTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE; THYROXINE;

CANIS FAMILIARIS;

EID: 23644456978     PISSN: 08916640     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1892/0891-6640(2005)19[491:TSAAET]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Scarlett JM. Epidemiology of thyroid diseases of dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1994;24:477-486.
2. Nelson RW, Couto CG. Small Animal Internal Medicine, 3rd ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby Int; 2003:691-710.
3. Panciera DL. Is it possible to diagnose canine hypothyroidism? J Small Anim Pract 1999;40:152-157.
4. Jaggy A, Oliver JE, Ferguson DC, et al. Neurological manifestations of hypothyroidism: A retrospective study of 29 dogs. J Vet Intern Med 1994;8:328-336.
5. Panciera DL. Conditions associated with canine hypothyroidism. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2001;31:935-950.
6. Boretti FS, Breyer-Haube I, Kaspers B, Reusch CE. Klinische, häematologische, biochemische und endokrinologische Aspekte bei 32 Hunden mit Hypothyreose. "Clinical, haematological, biochemical and endocrinological aspects of canine hypothyroidism in Switzerland." Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 2003;145:149-159.
7. Kemppainen RJ, Behrend EN. Diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2001;31:951-962.
8. Panciera DL, Ritchey JW, Ward DL. Endotoxin-induced nonthyroidal illness in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2003;64:229-234.
9. Daminet S, Ferguson DC. Influence of drugs on thyroid function in dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2003;17:463-472.
10. Gulikers KP, Panciera DL. Influence of various medications on canine thyroid function. Comp Contin Educ Pract Vet 2002;24:511-523.
11. Gosselin SJ, Capen CC, Martin SL. Histologic and ultrastructural evaluation of thyroid lesions associated with hypothyroidism in dogs. Vet Pathol 1981;18:299-309.
12. Graham PA, Nachreiner RF, Refsal KR, et al. Lymphocytic thyroiditis. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2001;31:915-933.
13. Khati N, Adamson T, Johnson KS, Hill MC. Ultrasound of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Ultrasound Q 2003;19:162-176.
14. Lee HK, Hur MH, Ahn SM. Diagnosis of occult thyroid carcinoma by ultrasonography. Yonsei Med J 2003;44:1040-1044.
15. Kouvaraki MA, Shapiro SE, Fornage BD, et al. Role of preoperative ultrasonography in the surgical management of patients with thyroid cancer. Surgery 2003;134:946-954.
16. Pederson OM, Aardal NP, Larssen TB, et al. The value of ultrasonography in predicting autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyroid 2000;10:251-259.
17. Lai SM, Chang TC, Chang CC, et al. Sonographic presentation in autoimmune thyroiditis. J Formos Med Assoc 1990;89:1057-1062.
18. Vitti P, Lampis M, Piga M, et al. Diagnostic usefulness of thyroid ultrasonography in atrophic thyroiditis. J Clin Ultrasound 1994;22:375-379.
19. Marcocci C, Vitti P, Cetani F, et al. Thyroid ultrasonography helps to identify patients with diffuse lymphocytic thyroiditis who are prone to develop hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1991;71:209-213.
20. Schiemann U, Gellner R, Riemann B, et al. Standardized grey scale ultrasonography in Graves' disease: Correlation to autoimmune activity. Eur J Endocrinol 1999;141:332-336.
21. Ying M, Phil M, Brook F, et al. The value of thyroid parenchymal echogenicity as an indicator of pathology using the sternomastoid muscle for comparison. Ultrasound Med Biol 1998;24:1097-1105.
22. Hayashi N, Tamaki N, Konishi J, et al. Sonography of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Clin Ultrasound 1986;14:123-126.
23. Rieu M, Portos C, Lissak B, et al. Relationship of antibodies to thyrotropin receptors and to thyroid ultrasonographic volume in euthyroid and hypothyroid patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1996;81:641-645.
24. Nordmeyer JP, Shafeh TA, Heckmann C. Thyroid sonography in autoimmune thyroiditis. A prospective study on 123 patients. Acta Endocrinol 1990;122:391-395.
25. Wisner ER, Mattoon JS, Nyland TG, Baker TW. Normal ultrasonographic anatomy of the canine neck. Vet Radiol 1991;32:185-190.
26. Peterson ME, Melian C, Nichols R. Measurement of serum total thyroxine, triiodthyronine, free thyroxine, and thyrotropin concentrations for diagnosis of hypothyroidism in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1396-1402.
27. Dixon RM, Mooney CT. Evaluation of serum free thyroxine and thyrotropin concentrations in the diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism. J Small Anim Pract 1999;40:72-78.
28. Dixon RM, Mooney CT. Canine serum autoantibodies in health, hypothyroidism, and non-thyroidal illness. Res Vet Sci 1999;66:243-246.
29. Ramsey IK, Evans H, Herrtage ME. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and total thyroxine concentrations in euthyroid, sick euthyroid and hypothyroid dogs. J Small Anim Pract 1997;38:540-545.
30. Scott-Moncrieff JCR, Nelson RW. Change in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration in response to administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone to healthy dogs, hypothyroid dogs, and euthyroid dogs with concurrent disease. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1998;10:1435-1438.
31. Kraft W, Burckhardt A. Untersuchungen zum Thyreotropin-Releasing-Hormon- (TRH) Test beim Hund. "Investigations into the thyrotropin-releasing- hormone (TRH) test in the dog." Tierarztl Prax 1994;22:159-164.
32. Chanoine JP, Toppet V, Lagasse R, et al. Determination of thyroid volume by ultrasound from the neonatal period to late adolescence. Eur J Pediatr 1991;150;395-399.
33. - scintigraphy. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1994;35:53-58.
34. Reese S. Schilddrüsensonographie bei Hund und Katze - Eine angewandt anatomische Studie. "Ultrasonographic Examination of the Feline and Canine Thyroid Gland - An Applied Anatomical Study." Munich: University of Munich; 2002. Thesis (Habilitationsschrift).
35. Ferguson D, Graham P, Kintzer P, et al. Thyroid function tests in the dog: SCE consensus refined and defined. Proc 21st Amer Coll Vet Intern Med Forum, Charlotte, NC, June 4-7, 2003.
36. Wisner ER, Mattoon JS, Nyland TG. Neck. In: Nyland JS, Mattoon JS, ed. Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2002:285-304.
37. Nelson M, Wickus GG, Caplan RH, Beguin EA. Thyroid gland size in pregnancy. An ultrasound and clinical study. J Reprod Med 1987;32:888-890.
38. Rendl J, Juhran N, Reiners Chr. Thyroid volumes and urinary iodine in German school children. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2001;109:8-12.
39. Gönci J, Szabolcs I, Magyar E. Ultrasound volumetry of the thyroid. Aktuelle Radiol 1993;3:283-285.
40. Nyland TG, Mattoon JS, Herrgesell EJ, Wisner ER. Adrenal glands. In: Nyland JS, Mattoon JS, ed. Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound, 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2002;196-206.
41. Blickstein I, Goldman R. The relation between different system gain settings and the accuracy of densitometric assessment of echogenicity. J Ultrasound Med 1994;13:675-678.
42. Schiemann U, Avenhaus W, Konturek JW, et al. Relationship of clinical features and laboratory parameters to thyroid echogenicity measured by standardized grey scale ultrasonography in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Med Sci Monit 2003;9:13-17.
43. Conaway DH, Padgett GA, Bunton TE, et al. Clinical and histological features of primary progressive, familial thyroiditis in a colony of borzoi dogs. Vet Pathol 1985;22:439-446.
44. Saleh A, Santen R, Malms J, et al. B-Mode-Sonographie und moderne dopplersonographische Methoden bei Krankheiten der Schilddrüse und Nebenschilddrüsen. "B-Mode sonography and modern dopplersonographic methods in diseases of the thyroid and parathyroid glands." Radiologe 1998;38:344-354.
45. Beale K, Halliwell RE, Chen CL. Prevalence of antithyroglobulin antibodies detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of canine serum. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990;196:745-748.
46. Thacker EL, Refsal KR, Bull RW. Prevalence of autoantibodies to thyroglobulin, thyroxine, or triiodthyronine and relationship of autoantibodies and serum concentrations of iodothyronines in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1992;53:449-453.
47. Vollset I, Larsen HJ. Occurrence of autoantibodies against thyroglobulin in Norwegian dogs. Acta Vet Scand 1987;28:65-71.
48. Lammerer SH. Validierung eines Chemilumineszenzenzymimmunoassays und Elektrochemilumineszenzimmunoassays für die Hormone tT4, fT4, tT3, fT3, Kortisol, Insulin und Digoxin beim Hund. Munich, Germany: University of Munich; 2003. Thesis.
49. Ruschig S, Kraft W. Determination of canine thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSH) in blood serum of dogs and its reaction to the TRH-stimulation test. Tierarztl Prax 1996;24:479-483.
50. Deeg C, Kaspers A, Hartmann K, et al. Canine Hypothyreose: Nachweis von Autoantikörpern gegen Thyreoglobulin. "Hypothyroidism in dogs: Detecting autoantibody to thyroglobulin." Tierarztl Prax 1997;25:170-173.
51. Haube U. Thyreoglobulinspezifische Autoantikörper beim Hund. Nachweis und Prävalenz. "Thyroglobulin autoantibodies in the dog. Detection and prevalence." Munich, Germany: University of Munich; 1999. Thesis.