Indigenous knowledge and the desertification debate: Problematising expert knowledge in North Africa

Geoforum

Volumn 36, Issue 4, 2005, Pages 509-524

  Davis, Diana K ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

Desertification; Indigenous knowledge; Morocco; North Africa; Pastoralism; Range ecology

Indexed keywords

DESERTIFICATION; INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE; PASTORALISM; RANGELAND;

AFRICA; EASTERN HEMISPHERE; MOROCCO; NORTH AFRICA; WORLD;

EID: 23644455263     PISSN: 00167185     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2004.08.003     Document Type: Article

References (122)

1. B. Abbas A.A. Al-Qarawi A. Hawas The ethnoveterinary knowledge and practice of traditional healers in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia Journal of Arid Environments 50 3 2002 367-379
2. A. Agrawal Indigenous and scientific knowledge: Some critical comments Indigenous Knowledge and Development Monitor 3 3 1995 3-6
3. Anon., 2002. La menace de la désertification. Le Matin du Sahara et du Maghreb, 9 February 2002, Available from: http://www.lematin.ma/rech/result_article.asp?ida=5860&id=soc.
4. K.A. Batanouny Plants in the deserts of the Middle East in: J.L. Cloudsley-Thompson ed. Adaptations of Desert Organisms 2001 Springer-Verlag Berlin
5. A. Bebbington Movements, modernizations, and markets: Indigenous organizations and agrarian strategies in Ecuador in: R. Peet M. Watts Eds. Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development, Social Movements 1996 Routledge London
6. R.H. Behnke I. Scoones C. Kerven Range Ecology at Disequilibrium: New Modes of Natural Variability and Pastoral Adaptation in African Savannas 1993 Overseas Development Institute London
7. A. Benabid Flore et écosystèmes du Maroc: évaluation et préservation de la biodiversité 2000 Éditions Ibis Press Paris
8. A. Bencherifa Is sedentarization of pastoral nomads causing desertification? the case of the Beni Guil of eastern in: Morocco W. Swearingen A. Bencherifa (Eds.), The North African Environment at Risk 1996 Westview Press Boulder
9. A. Bencherifa D. Johnson Environment, population pressure and resource use strategies in the Middle Atlas mountains of Morocco in: A. Bencherifa (Ed.), Montagnes et haut-pays de l'Afrique: Utilisation et conservation des ressources 1993 Université Mohammed V Rabat
10. A. Bencherifa D.L. Johnson Adaptation and intensification in the pastoral systems of Morocco in: J.G. Galaty D.L. Johnson (Eds.) The World of Pastoralism: Herding Systems in Comparative Perspective 1990 Guilford Press New York
11. Bendaanoun, M., 1994 La désertification phénomène planetaire cas du maroc. In: MAMVA (Ed.), Lutte Contre la Désertification. Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la mise en valeur Agricole (MAMVA), Ouarzazate.
12. M.A. Blumler Successional pattern and landscape sensitivity in the Mediterranean and Near East in: D.S.G. Thomas R.J. Allison (Eds.), Landscape Sensitivity 1993 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Chichester
13. M.A. Blumler Biogeography of land-use Impacts in the Near East in: K. Zimmerer K. Young (Eds.), Nature's Geography: New Lessons for Conservation in Developing Countries 1998 The University of Wisconsin Press Madison
14. A. Bourbouze Gestion de la mobilité et résistance des organisations pastorales deséleveurs du haut Atlas Marocain face aux transformations du contexte pastoral maghrébin in: M. Niamir-Fuller ed. Managing Mobility: The Legitimization of Transhumance 1999 Intermediate Technology Publications in association with the UN FAO London
15. S.M. Bouzid V.P. Papanastis Effects of seeding rate and fertilizer on establishment and growth of Atriplex halimus and Medicago arborea Journal of Arid Environments 33 1996 109-115
16. J. Briggs M. Badri A. Mekki Indigenous knowledges and vegetation use among bedouin in the Eastern Desert of Egypt Applied Geography 19 1999 87-103
17. D.D. Briske S.D. Fuhlendorf F.E. Smeins Vegetation dynamics on rangelands: A critique of the current paradigms Journal of Applied Ecology 40 2003 601
18. D. Brokensha D. Warren O. Werner Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Development 1980 University Press of America Lanham
19. K. Cashman Systems of knowledge as systems of domination: The limitations of established meaning Agriculture and Human Values 8 1&2 1991 49-58
20. D. Chatty Pastoral tribes in the Middle East and wildlife conservation schemes: The endangered species? Nomadic Peoples 5 2 2001 104-122
21. M.B. Coughenour J.E. Ellis D.M. Swift D.L. Coppock K. Galvin J.T. McCabe T.C. Hart Energy extraction and use in a nomadic pastoral ecosystem Science 230 1985 619-625
22. R. Cowling Challenges to the 'new' range ecology TREE 15 8 2000 303-304
23. M.J. Crawley Herbivory: The dynamics of animal-plant interactions in: D.J. Anderson (Ed.), Studies in Ecology vol. 10 1983 University of California Press Berkeley
24. E.M. Darfaoui Evolution of pastoral systems in the Moroccan pre-Sahara in: J. Powell W. Laramie (Eds.), International Rangeland Development Symposium Proceedings 1995 Department of Rangeland Ecology and Watershed Management University of Wyoming
25. D.K. Davis K. Quraishi D. Sherman A. Sollod C. Stem Ethnoveterinary medicine in Afghanistan: An overview of indigenous animal health care among Pashtun Koochi nomads Journal of Arid Environments 31 4 1995 483-500
26. D.K. Davis Desert "wastes" of the Maghreb: Desertification narratives in French Colonial environmental history of North Africa Cultural Geographies 11 4 2004 359-387
27. C. de Haan An overview of the World Bank's involvement in pastoral development Pastoral Development Network Paper #36b 1994 Overseas Development Institute London
28. B. Dell A. Hopkins B. (Ed.), Lamont Resilience in Mediterannean-type Ecosystems 1986 Dr W. Junk Publishers Dordrecht
29. J. Despois R. Raynal Géographie de l'Afrique du Nord-Ouest 1967 Payot Paris
30. B.R. DeWalt Using indigenous knowledge to improve agriculture and natural resource management Human Organization 53 2 1994 123-131
31. O. Draz Revival of the Hema system of range reserves as a basis for the Syrian range development programme in: D. Hyder (Ed.), Proceedings of the First International Rangelands Congress 1978 Society for Range Management Denver
32. Duret, C., 1953. Nomadisme et administration au Sahara Occidental: CHEAM, unpublished report.
33. A. El Gharbaoui Amélioration des terrains de parcours Hommes, Terre et Eaux 16 59 1985 59-64
34. K. El Harizi Morocco case study: blending old with new institutions - an innovative approach to sustainable range land development and management in a traditional society 1998 World Bank Washington, DC Available from
35. J.E. Ellis Climate variability and complex ecosystem dynamics: implications for pastoral development I. Scoones (Ed.), Living With Uncertainty: New Directions in Pastoral Development in Africa 1995 Intermediate Technology Publications London
36. J.E. Ellis D.M. Swift Stability of African pastoral ecosystems: alternate paradigms and implications for development Journal of Range Management 41 1988 450-459
37. A. Escobar Encountering Development 1995 Princeton University Press Princeton
38. M. Fernandez-Gimenez The role of Mongolian nomadic pastoralists' ecological knowledge in rangeland management Ecological Applications 10 5 2000 1318-1326
39. M.E. Figueroa A..J. Davy Response of Mediterranean grassland species to changing rainfall Journal of Ecology 79 4 1991 925-941
40. W. Goldschmidt The failure of pastoral development projects in Africa in: J. Galaty D. Aranson P. Salzman A. Chouinard eds. The Future of Nomadic Peoples 1981 International Development Research Center Ottowa
41. D. Gow D. Burzlaff W. Duggan R. Martin The Range Management Improvement Project in Morocco: An Evaluation 1985 Development Alternatives, Inc. Washington, D.C
42. L.C. Gray P. Morant Reconciling indigenous knowledge with scientific assessment of soil fertility changes in southwestern Burkina Faso Geoderma 111 3-4 2003 425-437
43. P. Haase F. Pugnaire L.D. Incoll Seed production and dispersal in the semi-arid tussock grass Stipa tenacissima L. during masting Journal of Arid Environments 31 1 1995 55-65
44. A. Habib Lutte contre l-ensablement des palmeraies dans le sud Marocain 1982 FAO/UNDP Rome
45. M. Hammoudou Exploitation des terres à pâturages dans la moyenne vallée du Dra 1994 PROLUDRA Ouarzazate
46. G. Hardin The tragedy of the commons Science 162 1968 1243-1248
47. D.M. Hart The Ait 'Atta of Southern Morocco: Daily Life and Recent History 1984 Middle East & North African Studies Press, Ltd Cambridge
48. L. Huntsinger Grazing in a California silvopastoral system: Effects of defoliation season, intensity, and frequency on Deerbrush Ceanothus integerrimus Hook & Arn. Agroforestry Systems 34 1996 67-82
49. Idriss, M., 1991. Système d'élevage et comportement alimentaire du dromedaire dans la province de Ouarzazate. Ingénieur d'État, Agronomie, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat.
50. H. Ilahiane The Berber agdal institution: Indigenous range management in the Atlas mountains Ethnology 38 1 1999 21-46
51. A.W. Illius T.G. O'Connor On the relevance of nonequilibrium concepts to arid and semiarid grazing systems Ecological Applications 9 3 1999 798-813
52. D.L. Johnson Development trends and environmental deterioration in the agropastoral systems of the Central Atlas, Morocco in: W.D. Swearingen A. Bencherifa eds. The North African Environment at Risk 1996 Westview Boulder
53. M.T.B. Korachi Aperçu général sur la lutte contre la désertification au Maroc Hommes, Terre & Eaux: Revue Marocaine des Sciencs Agronomiques et Vétérinaires 25 99 1995 27-35
54. Lahraoui, L., 1981 Caractéristiques des types de pâturages sur le versant nord de Sarhro, transect Boumalne-Iknioun. Mémoire de troisième cycle, École Nationale d'Agriculture, Meknès, Morocco.
55. H. Le Houérou Restoration and rehabilitation of arid and semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems in North Africa and West Asia: A review Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitatio 14 1 2000 3-14
56. Royaume du. Maroc Annuaire statistique du Maroc 1995 Direction de la Statistique Rabat
57. Royaume du. Maroc Rapport sur l'état de l'environnement du Maroc 2001 Secrétariat d'Etat Chargéde l'Environnement Rabat
58. Royaume du. Maroc Deuxième rapport national sur la mise en oeuvre de la convention des Nations Unies sur la lutte contre la désertification dans les pays gravement touchés par la sécheresse et/ou la désertification, en particulier en Afrique 2002 Royaume du Maroc Rabat
59. M.L. Martello A paradox of virtue?: 'other' knowledges and environment-development politics Global Environmental Politics 1 3 2001 114-141
60. J. Martin H. Jover L. Le Coz G. Maurer D. Noin Géographie du Maroc 1967 Hatier Paris
61. J.T. McCabe Turkana pastoralism: A case against the tragedy of the commons Human Ecology 18 1 1990 1-103
62. McCay B.J. Acheson J.A. (Eds.), The Question of the Commons: The Culture and Ecology of Communal Resources 1987 The University Of Arizona Press Tucson
63. D. Milchunas W. Lauenroth Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments Ecological Applications 63 4 1993 327-366
64. B. Msika Projet de développement de l'élevage et des Parcours de l'Oriental 1997 FIDA and Royaume du Maroc Rome
65. M. Niamir-Fuller The resilience of pastoral herding in Sahelian Africa in: F. Berkes C. Folke (Eds.), Linking Social and Ecological Systems: Management Practices and Social Mechanisms 1998 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
66. M. Niamir-Fuller Managing Mobility in African Rangelands: The Legitimization of Transhumance 1999 Intermediate Technology Publications in association with the UN FAO London
67. S.E. Nicholson K. Jeeyoung J. Hoopingarner Atlas of African Rainfall and its Interannual Variability 1988 Department of Meteorology, Florida State University Tallahassee
68. S.E. Nicholson C.J. Tucker M.B. Ba Desertification, drought, and surface vegetation: An example from the west African Sahel Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 79 5 1998 815-829
69. G. Oba N. Stenseth W. Lusigi New perspectives on sustainable grazing management in arid zones of sub-Saharan Africa BioScience 50 1 2000 35-51
70. ORMVAO 1983a. É Élevage du chameau: Situation actualle et perspective de dévelopment. ORMVA, Quarzazate
71. ORMVAO, 1983b. A ́valuation des phánomènes de désertification dans la province de Ouarzazate. Ouarzazate: Office Régional de Mise en Valeur Agricole, Ouarzazate (ORMVAO).
72. ORMVAO, 1984 Études générales et voies d'amélioration des parcours du bassin versant de Ouarzazate. Ouarzazate: ORMVAO, Service de l'Élevage.
73. ORMVAO, 1986. Les parcours dans la province de Ouarzazate: Situation et programme d'amélioration. Ouarzazate, Royaume du Maroc, Ministére de l'Agriculture et de la Réforme Agraire.
74. ORMVAO, 1990. Strategie de développement des terrains de parcours dans la zone d'action de l'ORMVA de Ouarzazate. Ouarzazate, ORMVAO.
75. ORMVAO, 1991. Les actions de l'ORMVA de Ouarzazate dans le domaine de l'amélioration pastorale. Ouarzazate, ORMVA.
76. ORMVAO, 1992 Projet de développement pastoral des terrains de parcours de Ouarzazate. Ouarzazate, ORMVAO.
77. ORMVAO, 1993. Projet pilote de mise en valeur des terrains de parcours de la région de Ouarzazate. Ouarzazate, Royaume du Maroc, Ministére de l'Agriculture et de la Réforme Agraire.
78. ORMVAO, 1994 Projet de lutte contre la désertification dans la vallée du Draa. Ouarzazate, ORMVAO.
79. Ouaskioud, D., 1999 Contribution à l'Étude de la dynamique de la végétation steppique après une mise en defens de longue durée: Cas de la station d'amelioration pastorale Anbad Boumalne Dades (Ouarzazate). Mémoire de troisième cycle, Agronomie, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat.
80. Ouchtou M. 1994 L'élevage camelin dans la zone d'action de l'ORMVA de Ouarzazate. In: Benhalima, H. (Eds.), Man and Dromedary in Africa. Agadir: Royaume du Maroc, Publications de la Faculte des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines.
81. Outabiht, H., Ighazran, M., Khana, A., 1990. Degradation du patrimoine foncier des régions semi-arides et les mesures de sauvegarde. Université Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines, Fès.
82. A. Perevolotsky N. Seligman Role of grazing in Mediterranean rangeland ecosystems BioScience 48 12 1998 1007-1017
83. J.P. Pratt F. Le Gall C. De Hann Investing in pastoralism: Sustainable natural resource use in arid Africa and the Middle East, Word Bank Technical Paper No. 365 1997 The World Bank Washington, DC.
84. PROLUDRA, 1995. Formation sur la gestion des ressources naturelles pour la lutte contre la désertification. Ouarzazate, ORMVAO/GTZ.
85. PROLUDRA, 1997. Atelier d'information sur la désertification et sur les activités du Proludra. Zagora, PROLUDRA.
86. PROLUDRA, 1998 Atelier d'élaboration du thème de la désertification. Zagora, PROLUDRA.
87. J.F. Reynolds D.M. Stafford Smith (Eds.), Global Desertification 2002 Dahlem University Press Berlin
88. P. Richards Indigenous Agricultural Revolution: Ecology and Food Production in West Africa 1985 Hutchinson London
89. P. Robbins Fixed categories in a portable landscape: The causes and consequences of land-cover categorization Environment and Planning A 33 2001 161-179
90. E. Roe L. Huntsinger K. Labnow High reliability pastoralism Journal of Arid Environments 39 1998 39-55
91. E.W. Said Representations of the Intellectual 1996 Vintage Books New York
92. D. Saltz H. Schmidt Assessing grazing impacts by remote sensing in hyper-arid environments Journal of Range Management 52 5 1999 500-507
93. S. Sanford Management of Pastoral Development in the Third World 1983 John Wiley & Sons Chichester
94. N. Schareika Environmental knowledge and pastoral migration among the Wodaabe of South-Eastern Niger Nomadic Peoples 5 1 2001 65-88
95. A. Schoenenberger Utilisation de la végétation naturelle dans la vallée du Dra: Lutte contre la désertification par une améleration sylvo-pastorale 1994 PROLUDRA/ORMVA Zagora
96. I. Scoones Living with Uncertainty: New Directions in Pastoral Development in Africa 1995 Intermediate Technology Publications London
97. I. Scoones Range management science and policy: Pasture, polemics and pasture in southern Africa in: M. Leach R. Mearns (Eds.), The Lie of the Land: Challenging Received Wisdom on the African Environment 1996 The International African Institute London
98. S.J. Song R.M. M'Gonigle Science, power, and system dynamics: The political economy of conservation biology Conservation Biology 15 4 2001 980-989
99. Steinmann, S.H., 2001. Gender, pastoralism and intensification: Changing patterns of resource management in eastern Morocco. Dissertation, Geography, Clark University, Worcester.
100. S. Sullivan R. Rohde On non-equilibrium in arid and semi-arid grazing systems Journal of Biogeography 29 2002 1596-1618
101. W. Swearingen Drought hazard in Morocco The Geographical Review 82 4 1992 401-412
102. W. Swearingen Northwest Africa in: M. Glantz ed. Drought Follows the Plow: Cultivating Marginal Areas 1994 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
103. W. Swearingen A. Bencherifa The North African Environment at Risk 1996 Westview Press Boulder
104. J. Swift Desertification: Narratives, winners and losers in: M. Leach R. Mearns eds. The Lie of the Land: Challenging Received Wisdom on the African Environment 1996 The International African Institute London
105. M. Thiault Essai d'Analyse de la Situation des Parcours de Fezouata 1994 PROLUDRA/ORMVAO Ouarzazate
106. D.A. Thomas V.R. Squires W. Buddee J. Turner Rangeland regeneration in the steppic regions of the Mediterranean basin in: P.L. Joss ed. Rangelands: A Resource Under Siege 1986 Cambridge University Press Cambridge
107. D.S.G. Thomas Science and the desertification debate Journal of Arid Environments 37 1997 599-608
108. D.S.G. Thomas N. Middleton Desertification: Exploding the Myth 1994 John Wiley & Sons Ltd West Sussex
109. J. Thompson I. Scoones Challenging the populist perspective: Rural people's knowledge, agricultural research, and extension practice Agriculture and Human Values 11 2 & 3 1994 58-76
110. C.N. Tsiouvaras B. Noitsakis V.P. Papanastasis Clipping Intensity Improves Growth Rate of Kermes Oak Twigs Forest Ecology and Management 15 1986 229-237
111. Turner, M., 1992. Life on the margin: FulBe herding practices and the relationship between economy and ecology in the inland Niger delta of Mali. Dissertation, Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley.
112. M.D. Turner Methodological reflections on the use of remote sensing and geographic information science in human ecological research Human Ecology 31 2 2003 255-279
113. M.D. Turner P. Hiernaux The use of herder's accounts to map livestock activities across agropastoral landscapes of semi-arid Africa Landscape Ecology 17 5 2002 367-385
114. UNDP, 2003. Human development report 2003. Oxford University Press, New York.
115. USAID, MARA, Utah State University, 1986. Final report: Activities, findings and conclusions of the range management improvement project 608-0145, Morocco. Logan, Utah: Range Science Department, Utah State University.
116. D. Vaxelaire La grande encyclopédie du Maroc 1987 GEI Rabat
117. T. Waibel A. Bourhili A. Miguil M. Hammoudou Étude des aménagements sylvo-pastoraux 1993 PROLUDRA/ORMVAO Ouarzazate
118. A. Warren Changing understandings of african pastoralism and the nature of environmental paradigms Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 20 2 1995 193-203
119. M.J. Watts Contested communities, malignant markets, and gilded governance: Justice, resource extraction, and conservation in the tropics in: C. Zerner (Ed.), People, Plants and Justice: The Politics of Nature Conservation 2000 Columbia University Press New York
120. J.C. Westoby B. Walker I. Noy-Meir Opportunistic management of rangelands not at equilibrium Journal of Range Management 42 1989 266-274
121. World Bank, 1995. Kingdom of Morocco: Water Sector Review. World Bank, Washington, DC.
122. A. Zainabi Vers une disparition rapide du nomadisme au Sahara Marocain (1): Le cas du Dra moyen Urbama 20 1989 49-61