The HTLV-1 Rex protein induces nuclear accumulation of unspliced viral RNA by avoiding intron excision and degradation

Virology

Volumn 218, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 316-325

  Grüne, Monika ^a   Koch, Claudia ^a   Grassmann, Ralph ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ERLANGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

REX PROTEIN; VIRUS RNA;

ARTICLE; CELL NUCLEUS; FIBROBLAST; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN T CELL LEUKEMIA VIRUS 1; INTRON; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RNA ANALYSIS; RNA SPLICING; RNA TRANSPORT; T LYMPHOCYTE;

EID: 2342668567     PISSN: 00426822     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/viro.1996.0200     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Alt, M., and Grassmann, R (1993). Resistance of human fibroblasts to c-fos mediated transformation. Oncogene 8, 1421-1427.
2. Bogerd, H., and Greene, W. C. (1993). Dominant negative mutants of human T-cell leukemia virus type I Rex and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev fail to multimerize in vivo. J. Virol. 67, 2496-2502.
3. Bogerd, H. P., Huckaby, G. L, Ahmed, Y. F., Hanly, S. M., and Greene, W. C. (1991). The type I human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) Rex trans-activator binds directly to the HTLV-I Rex and the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus Rev RNA response elements. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 5704-5708.
4. Bogerd, H. P., Tiley, L. S., and Cullen, B. R (1992). Specific binding of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I Rex protein to a short RNA sequence located within the Rex-response element. J. Virol. 66, 7572-7575.
5. Bogerd, H. P., Fridell, R A., Madore, S., and Cullen, B. R (1995). Identification of a novel cellular co-factor for the Rev/Rex class of retroviral regulatory proteins. Cell 82, 485-494.
6. Burgess, S. M., and Guthrie, C. (1993). A mechanism to enhance mRNA splicing fidelity: The RNA-dependent ATPase Prp 16 governs usage of a discard pathway for aberrant lariat intermediates. Cell 73, 1377-1391.
7. Cann, A. J., Rosenblatt, J. D., Wachsman, W., Shah, N. P., and Chen, I. S. (1985). Identification of the gene responsible for human T-cell leukaemia virus transcriptional regulation. Nature 318, 571-574.
8. Chang, D. D., and Sharp, P. A. (1989). Regulation by HIV Rev depends upon recognition of splice sites. Cell 59, 789-795.
9. Chomczynski, P., and Sacchi, N. (1987). Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Bochem. 162, 156-159.
10. Ciminale, V, Pavlakis, G. N., Derse, D., Cunningham, C. P., and Felber, B. K. (1992). Complex splicing in the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) family of retroviruses: Novel mRNAs and proteins produced by HTLV type I. J. Virol. 66, 1737-1745.
11. Cullen, B. R (1986). Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus occurs via a bimodal mechanism. Cell 46, 973-982.
12. Cullen, B. R (1987). Use of eukaryotic expression technology in the functional analysis of cloned genes. Methods Enzymol. 152, 684-704.
13. Cullen, B. R (1992). Mechanism of action of regulatory proteins encoded by complex retroviruses. Microbiol. Rev. 56, 375-394.
14. Dokhelar, M. C., Pickford, H., Sodroski, J, and Haseltine, W. A. (1989). HTLV-I p27rex regulates gag and env protein expression. J Acquired Immune Defic. Syndr. 2, 431 -440.
15. Felber, B. K., Hadzopoulou Cladaras, M., Cladaras, C., Copeland, T., and Pavlakis, G. N. (1989). Rev protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 affects the stability and transport of the viral mRNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 1495-1499.
16. Fischer, U., Huber, J, Boelens, C., Mattaj, W., and Lührmann, R (1995). The HIV-1 rev activation domain is a nuclear export signal that accesses an export pathway used by specific cellular RNAs. Cell 82, 475-483.
17. Gessain, A., Barin, F., Vernant, J. C., Gout, O., Maurs, L, Calender, A., and de The, G. (1985). Antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type-I in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis. Lancet 2, 407-410.
18. Gough, N. M. (1988). Rapid and quantitative preparation of cytoplasmic RNA from small numbers of cells. Anal. Bochem. 173, 93-95.
19. Grassmann, R., Dengler, C., Muller Reckenstein, I., Fleckenstein, B., McGuire, K., Dokhelar, M. C., Sodroski, J G., and Haseltine, W. A. (1989). Transformation to continuous growth of primary human T lymphocytes by human T-cell leukemia virus type I X-region genes transduced by a Herpesvirus saimiri vector. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 3351-3355.
20. Grassmann, R, Berchtold, S., Aepinus, C., Ballaun, C., Böhnlein, E, and Reckenstein, B. (1991). In vitro binding of human T-cell leukemia virus rex proteins to the rex-response element of viral transcripts. J Virol. 65, 3721-3727.
21. Grassmann, R, Berchtold, S., Radant, I., Alt, M., Fleckenstein, B., Sodroski, J G., Haseltine, W. A., and Ramstedt, U. (1992). Role of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 X region proteins in immortalization of primary human lymphocytes in culture. J. Virol. 66, 4570-4575.
22. Grassmann, R, Fleckenstein, B., and Desosiers, R C. (1994). Viral transformation of human T-lymphocytes. Adv. Cancer Res. 63, 211-243.
23. Gröne, M., Hoffmann, E, Berchtold, S., Cullen, B. R, and Grassmann, R (1994). Asingle stem-loop structure within the HTLV-1 Rex response element is sufficient to mediate Rex activity in vivo. Virology 204, 144-152.
24. Hammarskjold, M. L., Heimer, J, Hammarskjold, B., Sangwan, I., Albert, L., and Rekosh, D. (1989). Regulation of human immunodeficiency virus env expression by the rev gene product. J. Virol. 63, 1959-1966.
25. Hammarskjold, M. L, Li, H., Rekosh, D., and Prasad, S. (1994). Human immunodeficiency virus env expression becomes Rev-independent if the env region is not defined as an intron. J. Virol. 68, 951-958.
26. Hammes, S. R, and Greene, W. C. (1993). Multiple arginine residues within the basic domain of HTLV-I Rex are required for specific RNA binding and function. Virology 193, 41 -49.
27. Hanly, S. M., Rimsky, L. T., Malim, M. H., Kim, J H., Hauber, J, Duc Dodon, M., Le, S. Y, Maizel, J V., Cullen, B. R, and Greene, W. C. (1989). Comparative analysis of the HTLV-I Rex and HIV-1 Rev transregulatory proteins and their RNA response elements. Genes Dev. 3, 1534-1544.
28. Hidaka, M., Inoue, J, Yoshida, M., and Seiki, M. (1988). Post-transcriptional regulator (rex) of HTLV-1 initiates expression of viral structural proteins but suppresses expression of regulatory proteins. EMBO J. 7, 519-523.
29. Hinuma, Y., Nagata, K., Hanaoka, M., Nakai, M., Matsumoto, T., Kinoshita, K. I., Shirakawa, S., and Miyoshi, I. (1981). Adult T-cell leukemia: Antigen in an ATL cell line and detection of antibodies to the antigen in human sera. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 6476-6480.
30. Hope, T. J, Bond, B. L, McDonald, D., Klein, N. P., and Parslow, T. G. (1991). Effector domains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev and human T-cell leukemia virus type I Rex are functionally interchangeable and share an essential peptide motif. J. Virol. 65, 6001-6007.
31. Inoue, J, Yoshida, M., and Seiki, M. (1987). Transcriptional (p40x) and post-transcriptional (p27x-III) regulators are required for the expression and replication of human T-cell leukemia virus type I genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 3653-3657.
32. Inoue, J, Itoh, M., Akizawa, T., Toyoshima, H., and Yoshida, M. (1991). HTLV-1 Rex protein accumulates unspliced RNA in the nucleus as well as in cytoplasm. Oncogene 6, 1753-1757.
33. Kiyokawa, T., Seiki, M., Iwashita, S., Imagawa, K., Shimizu, F., and Yoshida, M. (1985). p27x-lll and p21x-lll, proteins encoded by the pX sequence of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 8359-8363.
34. Koralnik, I. J, Gessain, A, Klotman, M. E, Lo Monico, A., Berneman, Z N., and Franchini, G. (1992). Protein isoforms encoded by the pX region of human T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 8813-8817.
35. Luo, Y., Yu, H., and Peterlin, B. M. (1994). Cellular protein modulates effects of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev. J Virol. 68, 3850-3856.
36. Malim, M. H., and Cullen, B. R (1993). Rev and the fate of pre-mRNA in the nucleus: Implications for the regulation of RNA processing in eukaryotes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13, 6180-6189.
37. Osame, M., Usuku, K, Izumo, S., Ijichi, N., Amitani, H., Igata, A, Matsumoto, M., and Tara, M. (1986). HTLV-I associated myelopathy, a new clinical entity. Lancet 1, 1031-1032. [Letter]
38. Poiesz, B. J, Ruscetti, F. W., Gazdar, A. F., Bunn, P. A, Minna, J D., and GaIIo, R C. (1980). Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 7415-7419.
39. Popovic, M., Lange Wantzin, G., Sarin, P. S., Mann, D., and Gallo, R C. (1983). Transformation of human umbilical cord blood T-cells by human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 5402-5406.
40. Ruhl, M., Himmelspach, M., Bahr, G. M., Hammerschmid, F., Jaksche, H., Wolff, B., Aschauer, H., Farrington, G., Probst, H., Bevec, D., and Hauber, J (1993). Eukaryotic initiation factor 5a is a cellular target of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 rev activation domain mediating trans-activation. J Cell Biol. 123(6), 1309-1320.
41. Seiki, M., Hikikoshi, A., Taniguchi, T., and Yoshida, M. (1985). Expression of the pX gene of HTLV-I: General splicing mechanism in the HTLV family. Science 228, 1532-1534.
42. Seiki, M., Inoue, J, Hidaka, M., and Yoshida, M. (1988). Two cis-acting elements responsible for posttranscriptional trans-regulation of gene expression of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 7124-7128.
43. Sodroski, J G., Rosen, C. A., and Haseltine, W. A. (1984). Trans-acting transcriptional activation of the long terminal repeat of human T lymphotropic viruses in infected cells. Science 225, 381-385.
44. Stutz, F., Neville, M., and Rosbash, M. (1995). Identification of a novel nuclear pore-associated protein as a functional target of the HIV-1 rev protein in yeast. Cell 82, 495-506.
45. Toyoshima, H., Itoh, M., Inoue, J, Seiki, M., Takaku, F., and Yoshida, M. (1990). Secondary structure of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 rex-responsive element is essential for rex regulation of RNA processing and transport of unspliced RNAs. J. Virol. 64, 2825-2832.
46. Weichselbraun, I., Berger, J, Dobrovnik, M., Bogerd, H., Grassmann, R, Greene, W. C., Hauber, J, and Böhnlein, E. (1992a). Dominant-negative mutants are clustered in a domain of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I Rex protein: Implications for trans dominance. J Virol. 66, 4540-4545.
47. Weichselbraun, I., Farrington, G. K., Rusche, J R, Böhnlein, E., and Hauber, J (1992b). Definition of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev and human T-cell leukemia virus type I Rex protein activation domain by functional exchange. J. Virol. 66, 2583-2587.
48. Yamamoto, N., Okada, M., Koyanagi, Y, Kannagi, M., and Hinuma, Y. (1982). Transformation of human leukocytes by cocultivation with an adult T-cell leukemia virus producer cell line. Science 217, 737-739.
49. Yoshida, M., Miyoshi, I., and Hinuma, Y (1982). Isolation and characterization of retrovirus from cell lines of human adult T-cell leukemia and its implication in the disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 2031-2035.