The Nile valley of Egypt: A major active graben that magnifies seismic waves

Pure and Applied Geophysics

Volumn 161, Issue 5-6, 2004, Pages 983-1002

  El Sayed, A ^a,b   Vaccari, F ^a,c   Panza, G F ^a,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TRIESTE   (Italy)

^b MANSOURA UNIVERSITY   (Egypt)

^c ISTITUTO NAZIONALE DI GEOFISICA E VULCANOLOGIA   (Italy)

^d ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS   (Italy)

Author keywords

And Nile delta; Egypt; Nile valley; Seismicity

Indexed keywords

AMPLIFICATION; EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE; GRABEN; HISTORIC BUILDING; SEISMICITY; SITE EFFECT;

AFRICA; NILE VALLEY;

EID: 2342656888     PISSN: 00334553     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00024-003-2504-z     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. ABO-ELENEAN, K. (1993), Seismotectonics of the Mediterranean region north of Egypt and Libya. M. Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University.
2. AKI, K. (1987), Strong motion seismology. In Strong Motion Seismology, NATO ASI Series, Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences (eds. Erdik, M. Ö. and Toksöz, M. N.) (D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht 1987), 204, pp. 3-39.
3. AMBRASEYS, N. N., MELVILLE, C. P., and ADAM, R. D., The Seismicity of Egypt, Arabia and the Red Sea A Historical Review (Cambridge University Press, UK, 1994).
4. AMBRASEYS, N. N. and ADAMS, R. D. (1998), The Rhodes Earthquake of 26 June, 1926, J Seismo 2, 267-292.
5. AMBRASEYS, N. N., and SIMPSON, K. A. (1996), Prediction of Vertical Response Spectra in Europe, Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 25, 401-412.
6. AMBRASEYS, N. N. and DOUGLAS, J. (2000), Reappraisal of the Effect of Vertical Ground Motions on Response, ESEE Report No. 00-4, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Civil Engineering Department, London, 66 pp.
7. ANTONOPOULOS, J. (1980). Data from Investigation on Seismic Sea Waves Events in the Eastern Mediterranean from 1000 to 1500 A.D. Part 3, Annali di Geofisica 33, 179-198.
8. BARAZANGI, M., FIELDING, E. J., ISACKS, B., and SEBER, D. (1996), Geophysical and geological data bases and CTBT monitoring: A case study of the Middle East. In Monitoring a Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (eds. E. S. Husebye and A. M. Dainty) (Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1996) pp. 197-224.
9. BEADNELL, H. J. L. (1901), Some Recent Geological Discoveries in the Nile Valley and Libyan Desert. (an English translation of paper communicated to the inter. Geol. Congr. Paris, 1900). Stephen Austin and Son, London, 24 pp.
10. DU, Z. J., MICHELINI, A., and PANZA, G. F. (1998), EurID: A Regionalized 3-D Seismological Model of Europe, Phys. of Earth and Planet. Int., 105: 31-62.
11. EGYPTIAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY (1983), Geological Map of Greater Cairo Area 1:100,000.
12. ELGAMAL, A. W., AMER, M., ADALIER, K., and ABDUL-FADL, A. (1993), Engineering Aspect of the October 12, 1992 Egyptian Earthquake. Technical report NCEER 91-7000B. National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research, State University of New at Buffalo, USA.
13. EL-GAMILI, M. (1982), A Geophysical Interpretation of a Part of the Nile Valley, Egypt Based on Gravity Data, J. Geol. Special Vol. Part 2, 101-120.
14. EL-SAYED, A. (1996), Seismic Hazard of Egypt. Ph.D. Thesis, Seismological Department Uppsala University, Sweden.
15. EL-SAYED, A., ARVIDSSON, R., and KULHANEK, O. (1999), The 1992 Cairo Earthquake - A Case Study of Small Destructive Event, J. Seismol. 2, 1-10.
16. EL-SAYED, A., ROMANELLI, F., and PANZA, G. (2000), Recent Seismicity and Realistic Waveforms Modeling to Reduce the Ambiguities about the 1303 Seismic Activity in Egypt, Tectonophysics 328, 341-357.
17. FÄH, D. (1992), A Hybrid Technique for the Estimation of Strong Ground Motion in Sedimentary Basins, Dissertation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich.
18. FÄH, D., SUHADOLC, P., and PANZA, G. F. (1990), A New Method for the Realistic Estimation of Seismic Ground Motion in Megacities: The Case of Rome, Earthquake Spectra 9, 643-668
19. FÄH, D., IODICE, C., SUHADOLC, P., and PANZA, G. F. (1993), Estimation of Strong Ground Motion in Laterally. Heterogneous Media: Modal summation-Finite Differences, Proceedings of the 9th European Conference of Earthquake Engineering, Sept. 11-16, 1990, Moscow 4A, 100-109.
20. FÄH, D., SUHADOLC, P., MUELLER, St., and PAN7A, G. F (1994), A hybrid Method for the Estimation of Ground Motion in Sedimentary Basins: Quantitative Modeling for Mexico City, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 84, 383-399.
21. FAULKNER, R. O., The ancient Egyptian Pyramids Texts (Oxford, UK, 1969).
22. FLORSCH, N., FÄH, D., SUHADOLC, P., and PANZA, G. F. (1991), Complete Synthetic Seismograms for High-frequency Multimodal SH Waves, Pure Appl. Geophys. 136, 529-560.
23. GUSEV, A. A. (1983), Descriptive Statistical Model of Earthquake Source Radiation and its Application to an Estimation of Short-period Strong Motion, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc. 74, 787-808.
24. th ann, meeting, 253-274.
25. HSU, K. J., RYAN, W. B. F., and CITA, M. B. (1973), Late Miocene Desiccation of the Mediterranean, Nature 242, 239-243.
26. JICA, JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) (1993), Report of Japan Disaster Relief Team on the Earthquake in Arab Republic of Egypt of October 12, 1992, 88 pp.
27. KEBEASY, R. M., Seismicity. In (R. Said, ed.), The Geology of Egypt (A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 1990), pp. 51-59.
28. KULHANEK, O., KORRAT, I., and EL-SAYED, A. (1993), Connection between the Seismicity in Red Sea and Egypt, Mans. Sci. Bull. Symp. Quaternary and Development in Egypt, Mansoura University, Egypt, 331-348.
29. LEVANDER, A. R. (1988), Fourth-order Finite-difference P-SV Seismograms, Geophys. 53, 1425-1436.
30. MAAMOUN, M., MEGAHED, A., and ALLAM, A. (1984), Seismicity of Egypt, Bull of HIAG 4, 109-160.
31. MARGOTTINI, G. (1982), Osservazioni su alcuni grandi terremoti con epicentro in oriente. Campo macrosismico in Italia del terremoto greco del 1903. Rep. CNEN-RT/AMB 982)3 Comit. Naz. Energ. Nucleare, Rome.
32. MARZOUK, I. (1995), Engineering Seismological Studies for Foundation Rock for El-Giza Province, NRIAG Bull. 11, 265-296.
33. MESHERF, W. M., Tectonic, In (R. Said, ed.), The Geology of Egypt (A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 1990), pp. 113-155.
34. MOHAMMED, A. (1995), Seismic Response Analysis of the Foundation Area of the 12 October 1992 Earthquake Determined from Seismic Refraction Technique, NRIAG Bull. 11, 297-328.
35. NRIAG, HELWAN INSTITUTE of ASTRONOMY and GEOPHYSICS (1993), The Final Report on the Detailed Studies around Dahsour Earthquake October 12, 1992, Seismological Department, Internal report.
36. NRIAG, HELWAN INSTITUTE of ASTRONOMY and GEOPHYSICS (2001), Egyptian Seismological Bulletin, Egyptian National Seismic Network ENSN, Internal report.
37. PANZA, G. F. (1985), Synthetic Seismograms: The Rayleigh Waves Modal Summation, J. Geophys. 58, 125-145.
38. PANZA, G. F. and SUHADOLC, P., Complete strong motion synthetics. In (B. A. Bolt, ed), Seismic Strong Motion Synthetics. Computational Techniques 4. (Academic Press, Orlando (1987). pp. 153-204.
39. PANZA, G. F., ROMANELLI, F., and VACCARI, F. (2000), Seismic Wave Propagation in Laterally Heterogeneous Anelastic Media: Theory and Applications to the Seismic Zonation, Advances in Geophysics (Academic Press) 43, 1-95.
40. PRICE, N. J. and COSGROVE, J. W., Analysis of Geological Structure (Cambridge University Press 1990).
41. ROSS D. and SCHLEE, J. (1973), Shallow Structure and Geological Development of the Southern Red Sea, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 84, 3827-3848.
42. SAID, R., The River Nile (Springer Verlag, New York. USA 1981).
43. SAID, R., The Geology of Egypt (A. A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 1990).
44. SANDFORD, K. S. (1934), Paleolithic man and the Valley in Upper and Meddilk Egypt, Chicago University Oriental Inst. Publ. 3, 1-131.
45. SHEBALIN, N. V., KARNIK, V., and HADZIEVSKI, D. (1974), Catalogue of Earthquakes 1901-1970 and Atlas of Isoseismal Maps, 3 vols., UNDP/UNESCO Balkan Project Skopje.
46. SIEBERG, A. (1932), Erdbebengeographie, Handbuch der Geophysik, Band IV, Abschnitt VI, Berlin, Germany.
47. VIRIEUX, J. (1984), SH-wave Propagation in Heterogenoues Media: Velocity-stress Finite Difference Method. Geophysics 49, 1933-1957.
48. VIRIEUX, J. (1986), P-SV-vave Propagation in Heterogenoues Media: Velocity-stress Finite-Difference Method. Geophysics 51, 889-901.
49. WOODWARD-CLYDE CONSULTANTS (1985), Earthquake Activity and Dam Stability Evaluations for the Aswan High Dam, Egypt, Aswan High Dam authority, Ministry of Irrigation, Egypt.
50. XIE, J. and MITCHELL, B. J. (1990), A Back-projection Method for Imaging Large-scale Lateral Variations of Lg coda Q with Application to Continental Africa, Geophys. J. Int. 100, 161-181.